Exam 2

Question 1

________ induces training adaptations by progressively increasing intensity, frequency and/or duration of training

Answer 1

Overload

Question 2

Training volume=

Answer 2

intensityfrequencyduration

Question 3

Exercise training specificity refers to adaptations in metabolic and physiologic functions that depend not only on ________ volume but also on the type and mode of _________ imposed

Answer 3

Training

Overload

Question 4

T/F
Sport specific activity elects specific central and peripheral adaptations that facilitate improved performance in that activity

Answer 4

True

Question 5

T/F
Most effective evaluation of sport specific performance occurs when measurement most closely stimulates the actual activity

Answer 5

True

Question 6

SAID principle

Answer 6

Specific
Adaptations to
Imposed
Demands

Question 7

When training for specific ______ activities, overload must engage appropriate muscles required by the activity and provide exercise at an _______ sufficient to stress the ___________ system

Answer 7

Aerobic
Intensity
Cardiovascular

Question 8

T/F

The greatest improvement occurs when test exercise duplicates training exercise(specificity)

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Greater blood flow in active tissues results from:

• ________ microcirculation(higher capillary:fiber ratio)
• More effective redistribution of _____ output
• the combined effect of both factors

Answer 9

Increased

Cardiac

Question 10

Specificity principle

-_________ occur only in specifically trained muscles and become apparent in exercise that activates this _________

Answer 10

Adaptations

Musculature

Question 11

Adaptations to training are

Answer 11

Mode specific

Question 12

Adaptations

- Musculature specific to the exercise mode must be _______ in movement patterns specific to activty

Answer 12

stressed

Question 13

Individual difference principle

Answer 13

All individuals do not respond similarly to a given training stimulus

Question 14

Individual differences principle
- Different _____, nutritional, environmental, and epigenetic influences affect both the rate of and potential for _________

Answer 14

Genetic

Improvement

Question 15

Reversibilty principle

• Only 1 or 2 weeks of ________ reduces both metabolic and exercise capacity
• Many training improvements are fully ____ within several months

Answer 15

Detraining

Lost

Question 16

Reversibility principle

• _______ in VO2max track closely with:
  
  • Declines in Qmax and SV
  • Capillary _____ loss

Answer 16

Decline

Density

Question 17

4 categories diverse physiologic and metabolic factors related to O2 transport and use:

Answer 17

Ventilation- aeration
Central blood flow
peripheral blood flow
Active muscle metabolism

Question 18

Trained muscle exhibits enhanced capacity to _____ carbohydrate during maximal exercise

Answer 18

Oxidize

Question 19

Reduced carbohydrate as fuel and increased fatty acid combustion in sub maximal exercise, results from

• ________ muscle glycogen use
• Reduced ______ production
• _______ use of plasma-borne glucose by exercising muscle

Answer 19

Decreased
Glucose
Reduced

Question 20

T/F

Endurance athletes have larger slow oxidative fibers than fast oxidative and fast glycolytic fibers in the same muscle

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Slow oxidative fibers with high capacity to generate ___ aerobically contain large quantities of ______

Answer 21

ATP

Myoglobin

Question 22

Training _______ the potential to regulate blood during _________ activity via hepatic gluconeogenesis

Answer 22

Increases

Prolonged

Question 23

Long term ______ training increases hearts mass and _______ with greater left ventricular end diastolic volumes during ____ and exercise

Answer 23

Aerobic
Volume
Rest

Question 24

This normal training adaptation differs from myocardial _________ due to pathological conditions

Answer 24

Enlargement

Question 25

Training induced cardiac enlargement is characterized by eccentric ________ and concentric hypertrophy

Answer 25

Hypertrophy

Question 26

Endurance athletes average __% larger heart volume than sedentary counterparts

Answer 26

25

Question 27

T/F

Myocardial overload increases protein synthesis

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Adaptations to endurance training are primarily ______ whereas resistance training adaptations are ______

Answer 28

Eccentric

Concentric

Question 29

A pathological hypertrophied heart is an ________, distended, functionally inadequate organ unable to deliver blood sufficient for ______ requirements

Answer 29

Enlarged

Resting

Question 30

_______ heart does not represent a dysfunctional organ. Rather it demonstrates normal systolic and diastolic functions and superior functional capacity

Answer 30

Athletes

Question 31

T/F

Plasma Volume Expansion(PVX) occurs early in endurance training

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Increased eryrocyte volume occurs ____ in training

Answer 32

Later

Question 33

PVX enhances ________ reserve and increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, O2 transport, VO2max, and _______ regulation during exercise

Answer 33

Circulatory

Temperature

Question 34

Resting bradycardia

Answer 34

Heart rate less than 60 beats per min

Question 35

Changes in _____ volume account for much of the changes in VO2max and Qmax

Answer 35

Stoke

Question 36

The limiting factor to maximal rate of cellular respiration in skeletal muscle is ______ supply(blood flow) and not use

Answer 36

Oxygen

Question 37

Pulmonary adaptation with training
- Training _______ the metabolic cost of ventilation during _______ exercise as reflected by lower ventilate equivalents for oxygen

Answer 37

Decreases

Submaximal