Exam 1

Question 1

T/F
Spontaneous diastolic depolarization features the change in resting membrane potential toward a critical threshold potential for depolarization and is a characteristic of pacemaker tissue

Answer 1

True

Question 2

T/F
Efferent outflow from central command can override the extrinsic control exerted on the heart by the cardioregulatory center in the medusa oblongata

Answer 2

True

Question 3

During low to moderate intensity exercise, heart rate is increased mainly by:
A) Inhibition of sympathetic stimulation
B) Activation of parasympathetic stimulation
C) Activation of sympathetic stimulation
D) Inhibition of parasympathetic stimulation

Answer 3

D) Inhibition of parasympathetic stimulation

Question 4

The opening of dormant capillaries in exercise does all of the following except:
A) Increase the effective surface for gas and nutrient exchange
B) Decrease heart rate
C) Deliver a large blood volume with only a minimal increase in blood flow velocity
D) Increase total muscle blood flow

Answer 4

B) decrease heart rate

Question 5

The cardiac transplant patient demonstrates all of the following hemodynamic responses to exercise except
A) Chronotropic response due only to blood Bourne epinephrine
B) Impaired exercise capacity compared to normal subjects
C) No training effects
D) No plateau of stroke volume
E) No autonomic neural control

Answer 5

C) no training effect

Question 6

T/F

Sympathetic stimulation affects blood flow throughout the body by a-adrenergic receptor causing vasodilation

Answer 6

False

Question 7

T/F
Increases in systolic and mean arterial blood pressures during exercise are explained by overriding the normal operating range of baroreceptor loop at rest to a higher operating range with the same sensitivity

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Stimuli within active muscle that promote vasodilation include:
A) Increased tissue PCO2
B) Increased NO
C) Decreased pH
D) All of the above

Answer 8

D) All of the above

Question 9

T/F

Constriction and dilation large arteries provide the critical mechanism for regulation flow to capillary beds

Answer 9

False

Question 10

Functions of the cardiovascular system:

• Transport of O2 to _______
• Transport of CO2 _____ tissues
• Transport of energy substrate
• _________ of hormones
• ____________ of arterial blood pressure
• Thermoregulation

Answer 10

Tissues
From
Transport
Maintenance

Question 11

Cardiovascular 4 components:

Answer 11

Heart
arteries
capillaries
veins

Question 12

T/F

No gaseous exchange occurs between arterial blood and surrounding tissues

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Arterioles branch and form smaller and less muscular vessels called ___________, which are _ -20 micrometers in diameter

Answer 13

Metarterioles

10

Question 14

Metarterioles end in microscopically small blood vessels called __________ that contain 6% of total blood volume

Answer 14

Capillaries

Question 15

The pre capillary sphincter consists of a ring of ______ muscle that encircles the capillary

Answer 15

Smooth

Question 16

T/F
Sphincter constriction and relaxation provide a means for blood flow regulation within a specific tissue to meet metabolic requirements

Answer 16

True

Question 17

2 factors trigger pre capillary sphincter relaxation to open more capillaries:

• Driving force of increased local BP plus ________ neural control
• Local __________ produced in exercise

Answer 17

Intrinsic

Metabolites

Question 18

T/F

Cardiac muscle cells are no more than 8 microns(the width of a typical red blood cell)from a capillary

Answer 18

true

Question 19

Inferior vena cava

Answer 19

Veins in the lower body eventually returns blood to right atrium from abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities

Question 20

Venous blood from vessels in head, neck, shoulder region, thorax, and abdominal walls flow into the ________ vena cava to join inferior vena cava at the heart

Answer 20

Superior

Question 21

Mixed ______ blood enter right atrium, then through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle

Answer 21

Venous

Question 22

_______ within veins allow blood to flow in only one direction toward the heart

Answer 22

Vales

Question 23

Venous pooling benefits

Answer 23

• enhance post exercise lactate clearance

- offsetting possible syncope to post exercise catecholamine induced vasodilatiion

Question 24

High blood pressure is also known as

Answer 24

hypertension

Question 25

Hypertension is a risk factor for ______ artery disease and a form of peripheral vascular disease

Answer 25

Coronary

Question 26

90% of the cases are essential hypertension meaning cause is

Answer 26

Unknown

Question 27

In hypertension, there is excessive resistance to peripheral arterial blood flow because of:

Answer 27

• Arterial hardening with fatty material in walls

- neural hyperactIVITY or kidney function