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Psych Nursing > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

tolerance

A

a person’s diminished response to a drug that is the result of repeated use. physical effect of repeated use of a drug

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2
Q

dependence

A

physical condition where the body has adapted to the presence of the drug. without the drug the person will experience withdrawals

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3
Q

addiction

A

chronic, relapsing brain disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences. uncontrollable or overwhelming need to use a drug

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4
Q

detox

A

period of time it takes for body to withdraw from substance you are abusing. takes days to weeks. helps drug abusers safely stop taking drugs while avoiding dangerous withdrawal symptoms

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5
Q

medications used in detox

A

antidepressants, benzodiazepines, clonidine

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6
Q

CIWA scale

A

Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol, assesses how severe withdrawal symptoms are.

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7
Q

alcohol withdrawal symptoms

A

increased BP/HR, diaphoresis, GI distress, seizures, hallucinations, memory loss, difficulty concentrating

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8
Q

long term physical problems of alcohol

A

liver disease, heart problems, muscle weakness, pancreatitis, nerve damage, ulcers, GI bleeding, vitamin deficiency

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9
Q

delirium tremens

A

severe alcohol withdrawal. global confusion, nightmares, audiitory/visual/tactile hallucinations, sweating high BP/HR, seizures. Death in 1-4% of cases

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10
Q

delirium tremens treatment

A

reduce environmental stimuli, benzodiazepines, Haldol, fluid, thiamine, folic acid (banana bag)

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11
Q

medications for alcohol addiction

A

naltrexone, acamprosate, disulfiram

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12
Q

naltrexone (Vivitrol)

A

for alcohol or opiate addiction. blocks receptors in brain that produce alcohol’s pleasurable effects. Subdues urge to drink or use opiates. Given IM q 4 weeks

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13
Q

acamprosate (Campral)

A

for alcohol addiction. reduce symptoms of long-lasting withdrawals

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14
Q

disulfiram (Antabuse)

A

for alcohol addiction. interferes with alcohol breakdown. so acetaldehyde builds up in the body and leads to unpleasant reactions

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15
Q

opiate withdrawal s/s

A

cramps, diarrhea, runny/stuffy nose, sweating, chills, yawning, muscle pain, nausea/vomiting, anxiety, cravings, trouble sleeping

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16
Q

COWS (Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale)

A

assess severity of opiate withdrawals

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17
Q

medications for opiate withdrawals

A

clonidine, benzodiazepine, anti-emetics, anti-anxiety, antidepressants

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18
Q

medications for opiate addiction

A

methadone, buprenorphine, naltrexone

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19
Q

methadone

A

opiate for opiate addiction.binds to same receptors in brain as heroin and painkillers. suppresses cravings and withdrawal symptoms. clinics dispense it on a daily basis to prevent abuse

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20
Q

buprenorphine (Suboxone)

A

medication for opiate addiction. partial opiate agonist. less likely to be abused than methadone

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21
Q

cage assessment

A

5 item screening for alcohol use disorder

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22
Q

anhedonia

A

common in all types of depressive disorders. loss of interest or pleasure in doing things that you normally enjoy

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23
Q

major depressive disorder criteria

A

determined with PHQ-9. have to meet at least 5 of 9 criteria and symptoms have to be present for at least a 2 week period. at least one symptom is depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure

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24
Q

9 criteria for major depressive disorder

A

depressed mood for most of the days everyday (irritable in children), diminished interest or pleasure in activities, significant wt loss or wt gain (change of more than 5% body wt in a month), insomnia or hypersomnia everday, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue, feel worthless or inappropriate guilt, diminished ability to think/concentrate/indecisiveness, suicidal ideation or recurrent thoughts of death

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25
Q

SIG-E-CAPS

A

mnemonic for criteria for major depressive disorder. Suicide, Interest, Guilt, Energy, Concentration, Appetite, Psychomotor, Sleep/sex

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26
Q

dysthymia

A

depressive disorder. chronic/constant depression, doesnt meet criteria for major depressive disorder

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27
Q

premenstrual dysphoric disorder

A

depressive disorder. mood change r/t menstrual cycles

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28
Q

psychobiotics

A

live organisms (probiotics) that when ingested produce benefits tho people suffering from psychiatric illness

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29
Q

bipolar 1 disorder

A

meet the criteria for at least 1 manic episode. mania. more severe

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30
Q

mania

A

in bipolar 1 disorder. abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood lasting at least one week. inflated self esteem, grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, more talkative than usual, distracted easily, flight of ideas, racing thoughts, increase in goal-directed activities, excessive involvement in pleasurable activities

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31
Q

DIG-FAST 3

A

criteria for mania (bipolar 1 disorder). distractibility, irresponsibility, grandiose, flight of ideas, activity/agitation, sleep, talkativeness

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32
Q

bipolar 2 disorder

A

less severe. meet criteria for hypomanic episode. no psychosis, rarely need hospitalization during hypomanic episode, substantial disruption in family, occupation, social

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33
Q

hypomania criteria

A

period of persistently elevated, expansive, irritable mood lasting at least 4 days. . inflated self esteem, grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, more talkative than usual, distracted easily, flight of ideas, racing thoughts, increase in goal-directed activities, excessive involvement in pleasurable activities

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34
Q

mixed

A

s/s of both mania and depression are present nearly every day

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35
Q

irreversible dementias

A

alzheimer disease, Huntington disease, Parkinsons

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36
Q

major psychiatric disorders

A

major depressive disorder, schizophrenia

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37
Q

schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD)

A

schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, brief psychotic disorder, schizophreniform disorder, other psychotic disorders

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38
Q

s/s of catatonic schizophrenia

A

echolalia, echopraxia, waxy flexibility, automatic obedience

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39
Q

echolalia

A

repetitive speech

40
Q

echopraxia

A

repetitive movement

41
Q

waxy flexibility

A

person will stay in position that you move them into

42
Q

automatic obedience

A

robot like slow movement

43
Q

psychosis

A

hallucinations or delusions

44
Q

positive symptoms

A

in schizophrenia, an addition of something. delusions, hallucinations, formal though disorder

45
Q

negative symptoms

A

in schizophrenia, absent or diminished something. flat affect, alogia, avolition, social withdrawal

46
Q

alogia

A

lack of speech

47
Q

avolition

A

lack of purposeful movement

48
Q

cognitive symptoms

A

in schizophrenia. memory deficits, attention deficits, language difficulties, loss of executive functioning

49
Q

schizoaffective disorder

A

schizophrenia plus mood disorder (MDD or Bipolar)

50
Q

brief psychotic disorder

A

schizophrenia lasting one day to less than one month

51
Q

schizophreniform disorder

A

schizophrenia lasting one month to less than 6 months

52
Q

prodromal phase

A

phase of schizophrenia. early S/S lasting 1-5 years. red flags such as socially withdrawn, not taking care of ADLs, looks like depression

53
Q

metabolic syndrome

A

cluster of increased BP, high BG, excess body fat around waist, abnormal cholesterol levels. increased risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes. Seen at baseline for schizophrenia patients and caused by medications

54
Q

infant-18 month stage

A

trust vs mistrust

55
Q

18 months-3 years

A

autonomy vs shame and doubt

56
Q

3-5 years

A

initiative vs guilt

57
Q

5-13 years

A

industry vs inferiority

58
Q

11-21

A

identity vs confusion

59
Q

neurodevelopmental disorders

A

developmental deficits that impair functioning in multiple areas. intellectual disability, language/speech/communication delay, autistm, ADHD

60
Q

ADHD

A

up to 11% affected. M>F, decrease in dopamine and norepinephrine in prefrontal cortex, S/S present in at least 2 settings for more than 6 months. present before 12 years old

61
Q

ADHD S/S

A

inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity

62
Q

Autistic Spectrum Disorder / ASD

A

impairment of social interactions and communication as well as restricted, repetitive behaviors and interests

63
Q

Autism S/S

A

repetitive behaviors, slow verbal communication, impaired language development, lack of engagement, respond inconsistent to situation.

64
Q

oppositional defiant disorder

A

irritability and defiance of adults/authority, oppositional, vindictive, hostile, trouble making friends

65
Q

personality

A

traits, behavior styles an patterns that make up an individual character. genetic and environmental factors, emotional regulation

66
Q

emotional regulation

A

ability to control the flux and expression of emotion

67
Q

personality disorder

A

a persistent, maladaptive pattern of thinking, coping OR an enduring pattern of inner experiences and behavior that deviate markedly from the expectations of the culture of the individuals who exhibit it

68
Q

characteristics of personality disorder

A

lack insight, external response to stress, fail to accept consequences of behavior, chronicity, pervasive, maladaptive, manipulative, narcissistic, impulsive, enduring, inflexible, co-occurring disorders

69
Q

cluster A personality disorder

A

odd or eccentric. includes paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal

70
Q

cluster B personality disorder

A

dramatic, emotional, erratic. includes, antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic

71
Q

cluster C personality disorder

A

anxious, fearful, insecure. include avoidant, dependent, obsessive compusive

72
Q

ego-dystonic

A

people who are aware of their problem and are distressed by them

73
Q

ego-syntonic

A

people who do not think they have a problem

74
Q

stress

A

demanding situation taxes a persons resources or coping and causes a negative effect

75
Q

Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome

A

3 stages (depending on length of exposure to stress):

  1. alarm - fight or flight
  2. resistance - long term metabolic adjustments
  3. exhaustion - collapse of system
76
Q

anxiety

A

varying degrees of uneasiness or discomfort, paired with guilt, doubt, fear and obsessions

77
Q

GAD

A

excessive worry/anxiety, sleep disturbance, muscle tension, irritability, inability to concentrate, fatigue, restlessness, avoidance of activities with possible negative outcomes, seeks reassurance d/t worry

78
Q

panic disorder/attack

A

intense fear or discomfort with impending doom. palpitations, pounding heart, increased HR, sweating, trembling, SOB, feeling of choking, chest pain, dizziness, paresthesia

79
Q

phobia

A

overwhelming fear of a single object, activity or situation

80
Q

agoraphobia

A

phobia of being alone in open or public places where escape may be difficult

81
Q

specific phobia

A

phobia of specific object or situation (seeing blood, heights)

82
Q

social phobia

A

phobia of situation where one might be seen and embarrassed

83
Q

OCD

A

obsessive intrusive thoughts. fear causes anxiety and compulsive behaviors combat anxiety. unwanted and distressing. are aware of this. will do anything to reduce obsesssion

84
Q

acute stress disorder

A

occurs within 4 weeks of an event. lasts 3 days to 1 month

85
Q

PTSD

A

duration is > 1 month. acute is < 3 months. chronic is > 3 months

86
Q

PTSD S/S

A

distressing memories r/t events, physiological symptoms of stress response, labile mood, cognitive disturbances, hypervigilance, flashbacks

87
Q

PTSD medications

A

benzodiazepines, SSRI’s, TCA’s, beta blockers, atypical antipsychotics

88
Q

eating disorders

A

disturbance in the way that you eat or how you perceive your body weight/shape and how you regulate weight

89
Q

eating disorders risk factors

A

gender, age, family influence, emotional disorder, dieting, transitions, sports/work, media/society

90
Q

criteria for anorexia

A

persistent restriction of energy intake (food), intense fear of gaining weight despite being underweight, disturbance in the way one’s body weight is experienced, BMI < 18.5. can be restricting or binging/purging

91
Q

criteria for bulimia

A

recurrent episodes of binging and a sense of lack of control, recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent wt gain (vomiting, laxatives, diuretics), at least 1 time per week for 3 months, self-eval influenced by body shape and weight

92
Q

criteria for binge-eating disorder

A

recurrent binge eating. episodes associated with eating rapidly, eating until uncomfortably full, eating alone due to embarrassment, feeling disgusted, etc. marked distress, 1 time per week for 3 months

93
Q

BMI overweight

A

25-29.9

94
Q

BMI obese

A

> 30

95
Q

SANE

A

sexual assault nurse examiner. identify injuries, assess risk of STD, collect physical evidence, assess risk of pregnancy, give referral

Psych Nursing (2 decks)

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