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MS1 S&F 2 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The muscles of the tongue are divided into extrinsic and intrinsic muscles

What are the 3 extrinsic muscles and 3 intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Extrinsic

  1. Genioglossus
  2. Hypoglossus
  3. Styloglossus

Intrinsic

  1. Longitudinal muscle
  2. Transverse muscle
  3. Vertical muscle
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2
Q

3 extrinsic muscles of the tongue

  1. Genioglossus
    Origin
    Insertion
    Action
A

Origin
MANDIBLE - genial tubercle on inner side

Insertion
TONGUE - up to dorsal surface

Action
Protrudes tongue

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3
Q

3 extrinsic muscles of the tongue

  1. Hyoglossus
    Origin
    Insertion
    Action
A

Origin
HYOID BONE - greater and lesser horns

Insertion
LATERAL SIDE OF TONGUE

Action
Depresses tongue

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4
Q

3 extrinsic muscles of the tongue

  1. Styloglossus
    Origin
    Insertion
    Action
A

Origin
TEMPORAL BONE - styloid process

Insertion
LATERAL SIDE OF TONGUE

Action
Draws tongue superiorly and POSTERIORLY

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5
Q

3 Intrinsic muscles of the tongue

  1. Longitudinal muscle
    Fiber orientation
    Action
A

Fiber orientation
Anterior-posterior

Action
Shorten tongue

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6
Q

3 Intrinsic muscles of the tongue

  1. Transverse muscle
    Fiber orientation
    Action
A

Fiber orientation
Horizontal

Action
Narrow tongue

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7
Q

3 Intrinsic muscles of the tongue ‘

  1. Vertical muscle
    Fiber orientation
    Action
A

Fiber orientation
Superior-inferior

Action
Flatten and broaden tongue

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8
Q

There are 4 muscles of the soft palate

1. Tensor palati 
Origin 
Insertion 
Action 
Nerve
A 
Origin 
AUDITORY TIBE (tendon wraps under hamulus of Medial petty good plate)

Insertion
PALATINE APONEUROSIS

Action
Tenses soft palate

Nerve
V3

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9
Q

There are 4 muscles of the soft palate

  1. LEVATOR palati
A

Origin
TEMPORAL BONE, AUDITORY TUBE

Insertion
Palatine aponeurosis

Action
Elevates soft palate

Nerve
X

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10
Q

There are 4 muscles of the soft palate

  1. Palatoglossus
A

Origin
Palatine aponeurosis

Insertion
Side of tongue

Action
Draws soft palate down, raises tongue

Nerve
X

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11
Q

There are 4 muscles of the soft palate

  1. Musculoskeletal Uvulae
A

Origin
Palatine aponeurosis

Insertion
Uvula

Action
Raises uvula

Nerve
X

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12
Q

There are 3 Longitudinal muscles of pharynx

  1. Stylopharyngeus
A

Origin
TEMPORAL BONE - styloid process

Insertion
Thyroid cartilage

Action
Raises pharynx and pulls wall laterally

Nerve
IX

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13
Q

There are 3 longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

  1. Palatopharyngeus
A

Origin
SOFT PALATE - palatine aponeurosis

Insertion
Thyroid cartilage

Action
Raises pharynx and pulls down soft palate

Nerve
X

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14
Q

There are 3 longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

  1. Salpingopharyngeus
A

Origin
AUDITORY TIBE

Insertion
Thyroid cartilage

Action
Raises pharynx

Nerve
X

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15
Q

There are 2 phases of swallowing : voluntary (2) and involuntary (3)

What are the 2 actions of voluntary swallowing

A
  1. Chew food and form bonus

2. Raise floor of mouth and pull tongue POSTERIORLY

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16
Q

What are the muscles (and actions) involved in the voluntary phase of swallowing

A

Chew food and form bolus

  1. Muscles of mastication - chew food
  2. Palatoglossus - hold soft palate down

Raise floor of mouth and pull tongue POSTERIORLY

  1. MYLOHYOID - raise floor of mouth
  2. Styloglossus - pull tongue POSTERIORLY
17
Q

There are 2 phases of swallowing : voluntary (2) and involuntary (3)

What are the 3 actions of involuntary swallowing

A
  1. Elevate, tense soft palate/expand pharynx
  2. Pull larynx forward
  3. Propel food down GI tube
18
Q

What are the muscles involved in involuntary swallowing

A

Elevate , tense soft palate/expand pharynx

  1. LEVATOR palati - raise soft palate
  2. Tensor palati - tense soft palate

Pull larynx forward
1. Hyoid muscles (e.g geniohyoid) - prevent bolus from entering larynx

Propel food down GI tube
1. Constrictors of pharynx - contract in sequence (peristalsis-like contractions)

19
Q

The maxillary artery is a branch of external carotid artery. There are 3 parts

Identify first part arteries (5)
Foramen
Structures supplied

A
  1. Deep auricular artery
    Foramen - external auditory meatus
    Supply- outer ear, tympanic membrane
  2. Anterior tympanic artery
    Petrotympanic fissure
    Supply middle ear
  3. Middle meninges artery
    Foramen spinosum
    Supply - calvarium, middle cranial fossa
  4. Accessory meninges artery **
    Foramen ovale
    Supply - calvarium, middle cranial fossa
  5. Inferior alveolar artery
    MANDIBULAR foramen
    Supply - MANDIBULAR teeth; branch - mental artery to CHIN
20
Q

The maxillary artery is a branch of external carotid artery. There are 3 parts

Identify second part arteries (4)
Foramen
Structures supplied

A

NO foramen

  1. Deep temporal artery
    - temporalis muscle
  2. Pterygoid arteries
    - medial and lateral pterygoid muscle
  3. Masseteric artery
    - Masseter
  4. Buccal arteyr
    - over buccinator to cheek
21
Q

The maxillary artery is a branch of external carotid artery. There are 3 parts

Identify third part arteries (5)
Foramen
Structures supplied

A
  1. Posterior superior alveolar artery
    - posterior superior alveolar foramen
    Supply posterior maxillary teeth
  2. Descending palatine artery
    - Greater and lesser palatine foramina
    Supply hard and soft palate
  3. Artery of pterygoid canal
    - pterygoid canal
    Supply upper pharynx, auditory tube
  4. Sphenopalatine artery
    -sphenopalatine foramen
    supply nasal cavity, palate
  5. Infraorbital artery
    -Infraorbital foramen
    Supply skin below orbit; branches: anterior maxillary teeth
22
Q

There are 4 muscles of mastication

  1. Masseter
A

Origin
ZYGOMATIC ARCH

Insertion
MANDIBLE - lateral side of ramus

Action
Elevate mandible

Nerve
V3

23
Q

There are 4 muscles of mastication

  1. Temporalis
A

Origin
TEMPORAL BONE

Insertion
MANDIBLE - coronoid process

Action
Elevate, retried mandible

Nerve
V3

24
Q

There are 4 muscles of mastication

  1. Medial pterygoid
A

Origin
LATERAL PTERYGOID plate - medial side

Insertion
MANDIBLE - medial side of ramus

Action
Elevate mandible

Nerve
V3

25
Q

There are 4 muscles of mastication

  1. Lateral pterygoid
A

Origin

  1. Sphenoid bone - greater wing
  2. Lateral pterygoid plate - lateral side

Insertion

  1. Mandible -neck
  2. Articular disc of TMJ

Action
Depress, protrude mandible

Nerve
V3

26
Q

What are the nasal cavity openings (4)

A
  1. Spenoethmoidal recess
  2. Superior meatus
  3. Middle meatus
  4. Inferior meatus
27
Q

There are 4 nasal cavity openings. WHat do they all open to?

A
  1. Spehoethmoidal recess
    - olfactory foramina
    - sphenoid air sinus
  2. Superior meatus
    - POSTERIOR ethmoidal air cells
  3. Middle meatus
    A. Infundibulum; frontal sinus
    B. Ethmoid bulla; MIDDLE ethmoidal air cells
    C. Hiatus semilunaris; maxillary sinus and ANTERIOR ethmoidal air cells
  4. Inferior meatus
    - opening of nasolacrimal duct
28
Q
  1. CHORDA tympani
  • 2 functions
  • what does it hitchhike with
  • branch of what
  • contained in what? Along with what artery?
A

2 functions

  1. Taste to anterior 2/3rd of tongue
  2. Parasympathetics in submandibular ganglion; post ganglionics to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

**Joins/hitchhikers with LINGUAL NERVE

**Branch of facial nerve CNVII

**Petrotympanic fissure has:
CHORDA tympani and anterior tympanic artery

29
Q

What are the branches of facial nerve in facial canal (3) and functions

A
  1. Greater petrosal nerve
    - visceral motor Parasympathetics to lacrimal gland, mucous glands of nose and palate
    - visceral sensory to nasopharynx
  2. Stapedial nerve
    - BRANCHIOMOTOR - motor to stapedius
  3. CHORDA tympani
    - taste to anterior 2/3rd of tongue
    - visceral motor parasympathetic to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

MS1 S&F 2 (4 decks)

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