Exam 2 Flashcards
The muscles of the tongue are divided into extrinsic and intrinsic muscles
What are the 3 extrinsic muscles and 3 intrinsic muscles of the tongue
Extrinsic
- Genioglossus
- Hypoglossus
- Styloglossus
Intrinsic
- Longitudinal muscle
- Transverse muscle
- Vertical muscle
3 extrinsic muscles of the tongue
- Genioglossus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Origin
MANDIBLE - genial tubercle on inner side
Insertion
TONGUE - up to dorsal surface
Action
Protrudes tongue
3 extrinsic muscles of the tongue
- Hyoglossus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Origin
HYOID BONE - greater and lesser horns
Insertion
LATERAL SIDE OF TONGUE
Action
Depresses tongue
3 extrinsic muscles of the tongue
- Styloglossus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Origin
TEMPORAL BONE - styloid process
Insertion
LATERAL SIDE OF TONGUE
Action
Draws tongue superiorly and POSTERIORLY
3 Intrinsic muscles of the tongue
- Longitudinal muscle
Fiber orientation
Action
Fiber orientation
Anterior-posterior
Action
Shorten tongue
3 Intrinsic muscles of the tongue
- Transverse muscle
Fiber orientation
Action
Fiber orientation
Horizontal
Action
Narrow tongue
3 Intrinsic muscles of the tongue ‘
- Vertical muscle
Fiber orientation
Action
Fiber orientation
Superior-inferior
Action
Flatten and broaden tongue
There are 4 muscles of the soft palate
1. Tensor palati Origin Insertion Action Nerve
Origin AUDITORY TIBE (tendon wraps under hamulus of Medial petty good plate)
Insertion
PALATINE APONEUROSIS
Action
Tenses soft palate
Nerve
V3
There are 4 muscles of the soft palate
- LEVATOR palati
Origin
TEMPORAL BONE, AUDITORY TUBE
Insertion
Palatine aponeurosis
Action
Elevates soft palate
Nerve
X
There are 4 muscles of the soft palate
- Palatoglossus
Origin
Palatine aponeurosis
Insertion
Side of tongue
Action
Draws soft palate down, raises tongue
Nerve
X
There are 4 muscles of the soft palate
- Musculoskeletal Uvulae
Origin
Palatine aponeurosis
Insertion
Uvula
Action
Raises uvula
Nerve
X
There are 3 Longitudinal muscles of pharynx
- Stylopharyngeus
Origin
TEMPORAL BONE - styloid process
Insertion
Thyroid cartilage
Action
Raises pharynx and pulls wall laterally
Nerve
IX
There are 3 longitudinal muscles of the pharynx
- Palatopharyngeus
Origin
SOFT PALATE - palatine aponeurosis
Insertion
Thyroid cartilage
Action
Raises pharynx and pulls down soft palate
Nerve
X
There are 3 longitudinal muscles of the pharynx
- Salpingopharyngeus
Origin
AUDITORY TIBE
Insertion
Thyroid cartilage
Action
Raises pharynx
Nerve
X
There are 2 phases of swallowing : voluntary (2) and involuntary (3)
What are the 2 actions of voluntary swallowing
- Chew food and form bonus
2. Raise floor of mouth and pull tongue POSTERIORLY
What are the muscles (and actions) involved in the voluntary phase of swallowing
Chew food and form bolus
- Muscles of mastication - chew food
- Palatoglossus - hold soft palate down
Raise floor of mouth and pull tongue POSTERIORLY
- MYLOHYOID - raise floor of mouth
- Styloglossus - pull tongue POSTERIORLY
There are 2 phases of swallowing : voluntary (2) and involuntary (3)
What are the 3 actions of involuntary swallowing
- Elevate, tense soft palate/expand pharynx
- Pull larynx forward
- Propel food down GI tube
What are the muscles involved in involuntary swallowing
Elevate , tense soft palate/expand pharynx
- LEVATOR palati - raise soft palate
- Tensor palati - tense soft palate
Pull larynx forward
1. Hyoid muscles (e.g geniohyoid) - prevent bolus from entering larynx
Propel food down GI tube
1. Constrictors of pharynx - contract in sequence (peristalsis-like contractions)
The maxillary artery is a branch of external carotid artery. There are 3 parts
Identify first part arteries (5)
Foramen
Structures supplied
- Deep auricular artery
Foramen - external auditory meatus
Supply- outer ear, tympanic membrane - Anterior tympanic artery
Petrotympanic fissure
Supply middle ear - Middle meninges artery
Foramen spinosum
Supply - calvarium, middle cranial fossa - Accessory meninges artery **
Foramen ovale
Supply - calvarium, middle cranial fossa - Inferior alveolar artery
MANDIBULAR foramen
Supply - MANDIBULAR teeth; branch - mental artery to CHIN
The maxillary artery is a branch of external carotid artery. There are 3 parts
Identify second part arteries (4)
Foramen
Structures supplied
NO foramen
- Deep temporal artery
- temporalis muscle - Pterygoid arteries
- medial and lateral pterygoid muscle - Masseteric artery
- Masseter - Buccal arteyr
- over buccinator to cheek
The maxillary artery is a branch of external carotid artery. There are 3 parts
Identify third part arteries (5)
Foramen
Structures supplied
- Posterior superior alveolar artery
- posterior superior alveolar foramen
Supply posterior maxillary teeth - Descending palatine artery
- Greater and lesser palatine foramina
Supply hard and soft palate - Artery of pterygoid canal
- pterygoid canal
Supply upper pharynx, auditory tube - Sphenopalatine artery
-sphenopalatine foramen
supply nasal cavity, palate - Infraorbital artery
-Infraorbital foramen
Supply skin below orbit; branches: anterior maxillary teeth
There are 4 muscles of mastication
- Masseter
Origin
ZYGOMATIC ARCH
Insertion
MANDIBLE - lateral side of ramus
Action
Elevate mandible
Nerve
V3
There are 4 muscles of mastication
- Temporalis
Origin
TEMPORAL BONE
Insertion
MANDIBLE - coronoid process
Action
Elevate, retried mandible
Nerve
V3
There are 4 muscles of mastication
- Medial pterygoid
Origin
LATERAL PTERYGOID plate - medial side
Insertion
MANDIBLE - medial side of ramus
Action
Elevate mandible
Nerve
V3
There are 4 muscles of mastication
- Lateral pterygoid
Origin
- Sphenoid bone - greater wing
- Lateral pterygoid plate - lateral side
Insertion
- Mandible -neck
- Articular disc of TMJ
Action
Depress, protrude mandible
Nerve
V3
What are the nasal cavity openings (4)
- Spenoethmoidal recess
- Superior meatus
- Middle meatus
- Inferior meatus
There are 4 nasal cavity openings. WHat do they all open to?
- Spehoethmoidal recess
- olfactory foramina
- sphenoid air sinus - Superior meatus
- POSTERIOR ethmoidal air cells - Middle meatus
A. Infundibulum; frontal sinus
B. Ethmoid bulla; MIDDLE ethmoidal air cells
C. Hiatus semilunaris; maxillary sinus and ANTERIOR ethmoidal air cells - Inferior meatus
- opening of nasolacrimal duct
- CHORDA tympani
- 2 functions
- what does it hitchhike with
- branch of what
- contained in what? Along with what artery?
2 functions
- Taste to anterior 2/3rd of tongue
- Parasympathetics in submandibular ganglion; post ganglionics to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
**Joins/hitchhikers with LINGUAL NERVE
**Branch of facial nerve CNVII
**Petrotympanic fissure has:
CHORDA tympani and anterior tympanic artery
What are the branches of facial nerve in facial canal (3) and functions
- Greater petrosal nerve
- visceral motor Parasympathetics to lacrimal gland, mucous glands of nose and palate
- visceral sensory to nasopharynx - Stapedial nerve
- BRANCHIOMOTOR - motor to stapedius - CHORDA tympani
- taste to anterior 2/3rd of tongue
- visceral motor parasympathetic to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
