Exam #2 Flashcards
The male inclination to acquire wealth, power, and fame stems from
desire to attract potential mates
what do social constructivists often fail to note about males?
that they are victims
Science by itself is…
neither good or evil
Covert power is the realm of…
womanpower
standard social constructivist view of power
power is not evenly distributed among the genders
What is the most powerful from an evolutionary perspective?
womanpower
The innovation of money significantly…
decreased incidents of violent behavior
women have been victims of male domination
social constructivist view of the 20th century
What system orders our lives in the 21st century?
the economy
Our view of sex is shaped by…
social constructions
female sexuality is more…
complex than male sexuality
most mammals are…
polygynous
polygynous
a male having multiple female mates
according to research of human sexuality (masters and johnson)
women do not always follow the four-phase sexual response
modern sexual attitudes are ________ from ancestral attitudes
dramatically different
female sexuality is more ________ than male sexuality
generalized
biological essentialist and epigenetic view of child development…
the child is pre-loaded with behavioral characteristics
social constructivist view of child development…
child has no pre-loaded behavioral characteristics
ancestral social environment: loneliness and alienation…
were unknown
social constructivist: child who is male can be raised…
to be a girl
what would a newborn say it needs and wants?
love
very young children innately try to…
connect with the people around them
girls have better ________ skills than boys
language
modern socially constructed patterns of behavior have made childhood…
more stressful for children
girls tend to develop _______ hearts and _______ lung surface area than boys
smaller,
less
The heart of Erikson’s view of personal development
Conflict
The manner in which desire for status is expressed is…
epigenetic
during the first developmental stage, __________ play a crucial role
mothers
Erikson’s theory approaches development from an…
epigenetic point of view
life goals arise out of…
unstructured play
the first five stages of development are _______ in the later adult stages
important
the 8 epigenetic stages of development may…
prove adaptive in the future
Erikson was born in…
Germany in 1902
Positive outcomes of the 8 stages of development are called…
virtues
biology enables,
culture forbids
corruption
the abuse of power for private gain
people with power do everything they can to…
keep it
men are more likely to be concerned with…
power and status
money change the game by making…
trade easier and more flexible
all civilizations were at least partially built on _________
slavery
shopping (very new) has replaced
raiding
power no longer lies in physical strength, but in _________
economic development
women are very competitive because they want…
to secure limited resources
the most powerful woman of the ancient western world
Livia, 2nd wife of Augustus Caesar
covert power cannot protect women from…
violent acts like rape
detrimental acts on women are more often committed by…
elderly high-status females
examples of detrimental acts on women
foot binding
neck stretching
female genital cutting
force-feeding
what is the ultimate goal for men?
attracting potential mates
the purpose of advertising is to get you to buy things to…
enhance chances of reproducing
unlike other animals, humans are sexually active…
all year round
with humans, sex is about more than __________
reproduction
Ectomorph
tall and slim
quiet and morose
Endomorph
rounded and big waist
jolly and outgoing
Mesomorph
muscular and athletic
crude and vulgar
labiaplasty
clipping off parts of the labia minor
four ways of sexual harassment
verbal
non-verbal
physical
electronic
adolescent girls tend to experience ____ pleasure and ____ guilt after sex
less,
more
boys feel pressured to ______ sex
have
girls feel pressured to _______ sex
refuse
prohibition of teenage sex is a recent…
social construction
polyandry
one woman with multiple husbands (usually brothers)
polygamy
one man with multiple wives
according to Zeus and Hera’s story; which gender gets more pleasure from sex
women
which gender is able to enjoy sex more according to science?
women
what are the four phases of sexual response?
excitement
plateau
orgasm
resolution
vasocongestion
increased blood flow to the genitals, nipples harden
orgasm
involuntary rhythmic contractions, physical sensation of climax
myotonia
rhythmic contraction of muscles during orgasm
what is the refractory period for men?
period after orgasm in men before they can orgasm again
what is an evolutionary perspective on homosexuality?
it could be an adaptive response to resource scarcity
how did humans learn new behaviors?
using inborn capacity
syntax
the rules of grammar
semantics
meaning
what makes us a unique organism?
we strive to bend reality and the environment to our will
what do all children need to do with their caregiver?
fall in love
no love as a baby =
attachment disorder
how were children raised in the past?
collectively
what do children need in a society?
to be part of a larger group
ubuntu
i am because we are
every child expresses gender ________
uniquely
is parenthood instinctual?
no
female children are more apt to develop ___________ motor skills
fine
gatherers and caregivers required __________ and _________
fine motor skills and good communication
What the young were evolved to need is often…
not present in the modern world
signs of psychological distress
ADHD sleep and eating disorders bullying neuroses suicide
Erik erikson coined the term _____
“identity crisis”
erik erikson is _________ theory
psychosocial
Infancy developmental stage
basic trust vs mistrust
early childhood development stage
autonomy vs shame and doubt
basic trust vs mistrust
1-2 years
autonomy vs shame and doubt
2-4 years
4-6 years
initiative vs guilt
initiative vs guilt
motivation and decisiveness
6-12 years
industry vs inferiority
industry vs inferiority
task completion
12-19 years
identity vs confusion
20-25/40 years
intimacy vs isolation
26/40-65/76 years
generativity vs stagnation
generativity vs stagnation
guiding the next generation
60/75-death
integrity vs despair
integrity vs despair
understanding temporary life
the reason people have so much trouble with money is because
we were not evolved to deal with it
feminism can be understood as…
part of a larger effort to redress long standing injustices
sperm competition
genetic compatibility tested after sexual contact
women begin looking for potential new mates after…
three years in a relationship
_______ identified conflict between ancestral and modern behavioral tendencies
Freud
money changed our behavior by…
making us less dependent on cooperative intimate ties
today we are more likely to be _______ well connected and ________ isolated
commercially,
socially
in modern times _________ has become the prevailing mindset
hyper-individuation
today we announce our gender characteristics through
the goods and services we consume
the unconscious part of our mind interprets _______ and subtly _______
the data our senses take in,
directs our behavior
old unconscious predispositions can…
be overcome through learning
the compulsive tendency to judge people…
deprives people of potentially important relationships
