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Psychology of Gender > Exam #1 > Flashcards

Exam #1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Gender

A

refers to your personal sense of who you are

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2
Q

Sex

A

refers mainly to biology

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3
Q

Sexism

A

prejudice and discrimination based on a persons gender

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4
Q

What do humans do to gain influence and power?

A

note differences and put people into groups based on those differences

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5
Q

What is often the purpose of dividing people into in-groups and out-groups?

A

to empower those who emphasize differences between people

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6
Q

Gender studies have been an integral part of

A

the womens movement, and the effort to eliminate sex-based bias from society

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7
Q

Cisgender

A

individuals who identify as the gender they were assigned at birth

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8
Q

Gender is about

A 
a persons identity/sense of self
a persons sex
roles and behaviors
experiences
heritage
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9
Q

What is the Essentialist view of gender?

A

Gender is principally a matter of biology

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10
Q

What is the Social Constructivist view of gender?

A

Gender is learned

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11
Q

What is the Nature via Nurture view of Gender?

A

Both biology and culture interact to create gender identity

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12
Q

What is sex (biology)?

A

the exchange and recombining of genes from two individuals to produce offspring that differ from its parents

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13
Q

Why did we evolve with sexual reproduction?

A

it serves as a way to introduce genetic variety, which helps fight off parasites and disease

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14
Q

What is the “red queen hypothesis”?

A

We must constantly change our genetic variety in order to fend of attacks from parasites

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15
Q

Biodiversity

A

the existence of a wide range of different types of organisms in a given place at a given time

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16
Q

Is evolution a perfection seeking process?

A

No

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17
Q

What is the difference between the sexes?

A

Females make big gametes (Eggs)

Males make small gametes (Sperm)

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18
Q

How many eggs does a woman have when she is born?

A

approximately 1 million

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19
Q

How many sperm are released during ejaculation?

A

about 300 million

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20
Q

How many eggs will a woman ovulate during her lifetime?

A

only 300 to 400

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21
Q

What is the First Nudge towards gender?

A

the recombination of parents chromosomes

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22
Q

What is the Second Nudge toward gender/?

A

the formation of gonads

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23
Q

What is formed from the gonads?

A

Testes in Males

Ovaries in Females

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24
Q

What is the Third Nudge?

A

The gonads develop into sex glands and hormones are released

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25
Q

Genotype

A

the specific genetic characteristics of an organism (genetic makeup)

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26
Q

Phenotype

A

the specific expression of the genes of an organism in the environment (physical appearance)

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27
Q

What is the Fourth Nudge?

A

the development of the internal organs that characterize female and male anatomy

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28
Q

What are the internal female reproductive organs?

A

the ovaries
the uterus
the fallopian tubes
the upper vagina

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29
Q

What are the internal male reproductive organs?

A

the testes
seminal vesicle
vas deferens
prostate gland

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30
Q

What is the Fifth Nudge?

A

the formation of external female and male anatomy

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31
Q

What is the external female reproductive anatomy?

A

the clitoris
the urethra
the lower vagina
the labia

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32
Q

What is the external male reproductive anatomy?

A

the penis

the scrotum

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33
Q

Turner Syndrome

A

One X chromosome

phenotypically female

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34
Q

Klinefelter’s syndrome

A

XXY

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35
Q

de la Chapelle’s syndrome

A

XX
male phenotype
sterile

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36
Q

Swyer’s syndrome

A

XY
female phenotype
no secondary female sex characteristics

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37
Q

Mosaic Genes

A

the cells within the body have different genotypes, forming a mosaic of XX and XY genes

38
Q

Chimera

A

two separate eggs form an individual in the womb

two sets of DNA

39
Q

Congenital Andrenal Hyperplasia CAH

A

XX
over-exposure to testosterone in the womb
masculinization of female genitals

40
Q

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome AIS

A

XY
insensitive to male hormones
perceived as female until puberty

41
Q

What gods do the Hijra worship?

A

Bahuchara Mata
Lord Shiva
Aravan

42
Q

What methods are included in research?

A

Quantitative and Qualitative

43
Q

What is reification?

A

proving things, clear definition, turning abstractions into numbers

44
Q

What are the different types of Qualitative Research Methods?

A

Case Studies
Interviews
Ethnography
Focus Groups

45
Q

What did Saint Thomas Aquinas accomplish?

A

he helped formalize the dualism between religion and science

46
Q

What are the two main research mental models?

A

the inductive method

the hypothetico-deductive method

47
Q

What is the inductive method

A

abstractions of observations

48
Q

what is the hypothetico-deductive method?

A

notion of how things work

49
Q

Empiricism

A

knowledge comes from sensory experience

research must involve interaction with the real world

50
Q

What is the main problem with qualitative methods?

A

it is impossible to completely get rid of personal bias

51
Q

How long ago did the first ancestors of human beings appear?

A

five million years ago

52
Q

Hominization

A

the evolutionary process that results in the present human being

53
Q

homo sapiens

A

the species of human beings that exist today

54
Q

Why is it so hard to live in the post-modern world?

A

Human beings have not adapted to our new ways of life

55
Q

The only thing that matters in evolution

A

the persistence of genes; survival

56
Q

needs vs. wants

A

you are born with needs

you are taught wants

57
Q

Natural Selection

A

the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring

58
Q

Sexual Selection

A

Mate choice has been the primary mechanism of sexual selection in humans

59
Q

Allegories

A

representations for natural phenomena

60
Q

How did myths start?

A

myths began as the personification of inanimate objects and forces

61
Q

What are the four basic functions of mythology?

A

the mystical function
the cosmological function
the sociological function
the pedagogical function

62
Q

What is the mystical function of myths?

A

express the awe and wonder of the universe

63
Q

what is the cosmological function of myths?

A

explain the processes of nature

64
Q

what is the sociological function of myths?

A

support and validate a certain social order

65
Q

what is the pedagogical function of myths?

A

explain how to live a good, full life

66
Q

How are myths like mirrors?

A

the reflect the concerns of the people of the society from which they originate

67
Q

Sunday

A

Sun’s day

68
Q

Monday

A

Moon’s day

69
Q

Tuesday

A

named for Norse god Tyr

70
Q

Wednesday

A

Germanic god Wodin and Norse god Odin

71
Q

What is a psychopomp?

A

leader of souls

associated with poetry and musical inspiration

72
Q

Thursday

A

Thor’s day

73
Q

Friday

A

Freya

74
Q

Saturday

A

Roman God Saturn

75
Q

From the psychoanalytic and cultural anthropological perspectives myths…

A

are thought of as a subjective counterpart to the objective scientific approach to understanding the universe

76
Q

The role of males in the west was influenced by…

A

God the Father
God the Son
the Holy Spirit

77
Q

The role of females in the west was influenced by…

A

Eve

Mary

78
Q

What were the results of people moving to cities and developing governments?

A

power in the hands of few
monotheistic religions
individual rights became a central issue
people needed rules

79
Q

What is the biggest difference between modern humans and our hunter-gatherer ancestors?

A

the relationship we have with material things

80
Q

What did ancient female children have to learn?

A

what plants to eat
birth
nurturing the young

81
Q

What did ancient male children have to learn?

A

how to hunt

protect their in-group

82
Q

What do we use today instead of mythology to understand behavior?

A

the behavioral sciences

83
Q

Evolutionary psychology

A

gives us important insights to behavior

84
Q

What is the symbol for woman?

A

the moon

85
Q

From a biological point of view, a sexually mature female is a

A

woman not a girl

86
Q

Peri-Menopause

A

the ovaries gradually begin to make less estrogen

lasts until menopause

87
Q

Menopause

A

when the ovaries stop releasing eggs

88
Q

Allomother

A

post-menopausal woman

high interest in young people

89
Q

What is the image for males?

A

the sun

90
Q

male vs. female maturity

A

females have clear biological events

males have rites of passage

91
Q

Why does nature favor diversity?

A

it is out of variation that biological evolution springs

92
Q

What has evolution predisposed women to want in a partner?

A

characteristics that contribute to the well-being of her and her offspring

Psychology of Gender (2 decks)

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