Exam 2 Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
Name the 6 major movie studios and the percentage of the box office they own together
A
One 80% of the box office Warner bros Bueno vista Universal 20th century fox Sony Colombia Paramount
2
Q
Name the 6 mini-major movie studios and the percentage of the box office owned by the most influential
A
Lionsgate 8% Weinstein company MGM (used to be a major) Dream works Relativity media Open road films
3
Q
What happened in 1948
A
The government made studios give up one facet of business- exhibition: movie houses
4
Q
What fraction of films are produced by independent production companies
A
2/3
5
Q
What are the main functions of studios
A
Financing and distributing films
6
Q
What is negative cost
A
The total cost of completing one finished copy of a film
7
Q
What is above the line cost
A
Cost of creative talent. Is a part of the negative cost
8
Q
What is below the line cost
A
The actual cost of production. Is a part of negative cost
9
Q
What is post-production costs
A
What is done after filming for production, like editing. Is a part of the negative cost
10
Q
What is the average cost of making a feature film
A
$110-$140 million
11
Q
What is the rule of thumb for advertising and marketing large budget movies and lower budget films
A
Advertising and marketing should run half the production cost for large budgets and run around $30 million for lower budgets.
12
Q
Why is advertising so expensive
A
Have to advertise on TV and TV advertising time is expensive
13
Q
Today, what is a blockbuster film
A
A film that earns 2.5-3 times its negative cost at the box office
14
Q
What is the first ever summer blockbuster film without inflation adjustments and with them
A
Without- JAWS 1975
With- Gone With the Wind
15
Q
How many screens are available in the U.S.
A
Over 40,000
16
Q
What is saturation release pattern
A
Movie released to 3,000 or more screens. Is the largest release pattern for movies. Is one of the 3 most common
17
Q
What is a very wide release pattern
A
A movie released to between 2,000 and 3,000 screens. Is one of the 3 most common release patterns
18
Q
What is a wide release pattern
A
A movie released to between 600 and 2,000 screens. Is one of the 3 most common patters
19
Q
What is a platform release pattern
A
When a film is released to select markets to gauge the buzz and get feedback because the Susie does not know how it will be perceived
20
Q
What is a limited release pattern
A
Films that have niche appeal and got o only a few theaters because the studio does not think it will appeal to many people.
Also a film has to be released theatrically to be eligible to receive a reward
21
Q
What is the box office
A
The initial release of a movie and all releases and ticket sales at the theater
22
Q
What are the film industry revenue percentages for box office, licensing fees, and home video
A
Box office-25%
Licensing fees to TV, Cable, and satellite- 26%
Home video- 50%
Is physical- dvd, blu ray, or electronic- streaming
23
Q
What are the three phases of filmmaking
A
Pre-production
Production
Post-production
24
Q
What goes into pre-production
A
Financing, script cast and location
25
What is financing and its 4 movie types
The money needed to produce the film
1. ) studios
2. ) investment groups
3. ) product placement advertising
4. ) banks
26
What is a script and describe the process
Idea is turned into property. Property is turned into a script through treatment. The treatment goes through a first draft and rewrites until there is a shooting script
27
What is cast and how are they paid.
The actors and actresses hired on a per-film basis. Can have a contractual salary deal or a backend deal where they get a percentage of the final profit and a small upfront salary
28
What is location
Where the filming will actually take place. Plus all of the permits and police/safety official permission needed for filming
29
What is production and what is the average length
When a film is being shot
| Average length is 70 days
30
What goes into post production
Editing
Sound track
Special effects
31
What is editing
Putting the film in the correct order and making everything mesh well.
32
What does Baxter call a movie that makes no sense
A premise without a plot
33
What is a sound track and describe the 3 facets of ti
Sounds that are added to the film
Music score- background music
Dialogue recording- ADR dialogue looping/re recording whatever dialogue was not usage and syncing the new sounds to the lip movements in the movie
Sound effects- sounds are created In a foley. The sounds go to specific actions
34
What are special effects
CGI- computer generated images are added into the movie digitally.
35
What is exhibition
When a movie is released by the studio to the cinema
36
What are the two largest cinema chains and how many screens do they own
AMC- 8,200 screens (American multi cinema)
| Regal- 7,334 screens
37
What is an exhibition license and what goes into it
A license that allows each cinema to exhibit a film, comes from the studio. Has the opening date, the longevity of the film(how many weeks it will be played) and the box office split ration and timeline
38
What percentage of screens has converted to digital projection
97%
39
What are the 3 ways to distribute films digitally and why would you want to do this
Satellite upload
Disk
Hard drive
You have a better picture, better sound, and it doesn't break as easily
40
What are the movie windows of release
The process of points of exposure a movie goes through once released
41
Give the timeline for the windows of release
1. ) box office/cinema
2. ) home video- dvd, blu Ray, streaming, cable on demand
3. ) pay-per-view-only on satellite and is when a movie is a bust
4. ) pay cable- HBO subscriber channels
5. ) broadcast network debue- successful movies are played on broadcast channels a while after original showing
6. ) syndication- years later movies will be so,d in packages to other media companies
42
Who does movie ratings
Motion picture association of America (MPAA)
| 12 so cal parents from varying backgrounds rate the films
43
What were the original movie ratings and describe them
G-general audience
M- mature audiences
R-restricted only 17+
X- adult content 18+
44
What were the new ratings added
M became PG-parental guidance
PG -13 was added
X became NC-17 for 18+
45
What are the seasons for the box office and what percentage of business do they earn
Memorial Day to Labor Day -40%
| Christmas holiday and Easter holiday -20%
46
When and wher was the first public display of TV
New York World's fair 1939 by RCA
47
What ushered in video politics
Kennedy and Nixon TV debate in 1960
48
How many TV households are there today and how many TV stations
118.5 million and 1175 stations
49
What are the big 4 broadcast TV networks
NBC
ABC
CBS
FOX
50
What is a network
Company that acquires a group of programs and puts them into a 7 day and night schedule and sells advertising slots to national sponsors. Needs to assure advertising slots will be seen by everybody so has lots of stations and affiliates
51
What is a station
A local broadcast station that is licensed by the FCC that carries out programs
52
Name the 3 categories of commercial TV stations and describe them
1. ) owned and operated-license is owned by a network (fox owns 17, cbs owns 14, abc owns 8)
2. ) affiliates- station is not owned. By network but has agreed to carry out a network program on their station
3. ) independents- is local and has no connection to a big 4 network
53
What did the telecom bill of 96 do
Ownership from 12 stations in a market went to a population cap
54
What is today's population cap
39%
55
Explain the process of making a TV show
Companies that produce shows come up with concepts and pitch them to broadcast networks who pick the ones they like and request a script if they like it it becomes a pilot and from the pilot a network will order a number of episodes
56
What percentage of all new TV shows fail
75% is called the death rate
57
How long is a full season and how many do networks originally buy
22 episodes
| Begging by buying 3-6 shows
58
What is the average cost of a brand new broadcast show per episode: 30 min sitcom and 1 hr dram
30 minute sitcom- 2 million
| 1 hr drama- 4 million
59
Name the 5 TV scheduling strategies and describe them
1. ) lead off show- show begins the prime time block
2. ) lead in show- popular show is placed in front of new show hoping people will stay
3. ) hammock show- new or weak show is strung between two strong shows
4. ) tent pole show- strong show is places in the middle of two lesser shows
5. ) counter programming- showing programs opposite in demographic appeal than a competition
60
What is syndication
When media companies licenses their content to other media companies
61
Name and describe the 3 types of syndication
1. ) Off network- once prime time shows are licensed after 5 seasons to be played elsewhere
2. ) first run- shows produced for the syndication market
3. ) off cable- shows that originated on cable networks
62
What is day and date
When a film is released for dvd sale and to on-demand channels on the same day
63
What company does TV ratings
Nielsen
64
What two systems does Nielsen use to. Omit or network viewership1
1. ) overnight- goes into 56 markets to 300-400 households installs a box to record when the TV is on and what is watch. I for is sent to Nielsen over night
2. )national sample- 37,000 from all markets get a people meter installed so you log who watches what- is more detailed
65
What percent of TV households have DVR
53%
66
What are the DVR viewership time lines for Nielsen. What are the percentage of when shows are watched
Live- when it first comes on
Live +24- watch within 24 hrs
Live +3- watch within 3 days
Live +7- watch within a week.
49% is watched within 24 hrs
88% is watched within 3 days
67
How does Nielsen monitor local stations
Sweep months
| Rates local stations during November-start of TV show season, February-second TV season, may, and june
68
What is engagement
Trying to understand what demographic is super fans for which shows
69
What is multi platform
Measuring viewing through streaming, apps, and other platforms aside from TV and DVR
70
What is linear TV
Regular TV watching- the old fashioned way
71
What is pay TV and what percentage of household have it
Households that subscribe to cable or satellite TV
| 84% of households
72
What were the 1970 cable developments
Ted turner created a downloadable signal for tbs and sold everything to time warner incorporated and HBO movie channels were created
73
Who are the top 4 pay TV providers
1. ) AT&T-direct TV
2. ) Comcast cable
3. ) charter communications (spectrum)
4. ) dish network
74
What are the three cable terms
OTT- over the top- streaming services and Internet
Cord cutters- people who complete left cable services
Cord nevers- have never had cable and never will
75
How do cable networks work
Networks are satellite fed and you have to have a cable or satellite subscription to get the local channels
-networks charge carriage fees to cable and satellite operators per month per subscription
76
What is satellite
A national service accessed through a 1-800 operator
77
What is the satellite viewer improvement act of 1999
Established local into local
Satellite companies are now allowed to pick up local signals bounce it off their satellite and bring is back into the same market.
78
What happened in June 2009
Government mandated tvs to go digital to provide for high definition TV
79
What are the 3 traditions of American journalism
1. )freedom of the press- govt will keep hands of the press
2. ) the media is a place for discussion and debate
3. ) the news should comment vigorously on public issues
80
What is the partisan press era
Between 1770 and 1846 when newspapers were openly partisan
81
What is the associated press and when was it formed
1846
| 6 nyc newspapers form the associated press company to creat the first wire sevice
82
What is a wire service
Bureaus in large cities cover breaking news and sends their stories over a wire for small media outlets to pay to have access to
.
83
What did the associated press company decide
So many people would be using their work it needed to be neutral and straightforward
84
What is yellow and jazz journalism
The concentration of news on sensational and salacious stories that sell copies. They are the same thing just said at different times. Was yellow and the Jazz
85
What happened in 1923
The American society of newspaper editors was created and gave the 7 cannons of journalism
86
What are the 7 canons of journalism
1.) responsibility-to public well fare
2,) freedom of the press- is to be regarded as vital and unquestionable
3.) independence- journalist should be independent from outside sources
4.) sincerity, truthfulness, and accuracy
5.) impartiality- free of onion and bias
6.) fair play- give opposing issue viewpoints
7.) decency- don't pander be decent
87
What are the 8 newsworthiness criteria
1. ) timeliness
2. ) proximity
3. ) prominence
4) consequence
5. ) conflict
6. ) human interest
7. ) novelty
8. ) deviance
88
Name and describe the 4 categories of news
1. ) hard news- significant and may directly impact people- inverted pyramid
2. ) soft news- feature stories, not important to everybody
3. ) investigative reporting- content is hard news and it takes work to bring something hidden into light
4. ) opinion: not official but journalist write their opinion
89
Name and describe the four journalism practices
Pack journalism- swarm over a story, frame and buzzword the same
Two sides to story- details go down to two simple sides
Adversarial relationship with authority- watchdog
Cynicism- negative and determined by pres office
90
What two events increased the level of cynicism
Vietnam war
| Watergate
91
Name the 3 issues in journalism
Bias
Entertainments as news
Polls as news
92
Name and describe the 4 categories of bias
1. ) Partisan bias- a cause is deliberately promoted and is open about it
2. )Propaganda bias- a story is promoted with the deliberate intent to sway a reader without explicitly say so
3. ) unwitting bias- editorial judgements. What editor decides will be printed
4. ) market demand bias- story is aimed at a specific audience
93
Name the 4 characteristics of newspapers
Local
Serve as historical record
Is a watchdog over society
Is the most recognizable media brand
94
Name and describe the 5 categories of newspapers and the top 4 newspapers by circulation associated with them
1. ) national- is. Every where #1 paper I Wall Street journal is national
2. ) large metro dailies- published in market of 500,00+ people. #2-new York time, #3 USA today #4 LA times are large metro dailies
3. ) medium sized daily- published in a market of 100,00-500,000 people
4. ) small town daily- any market under 100,000
5. ) special service and minority newspapers
95
What makes a paper a daily
Published 5 days a week
96
What did the newspaper preservation act of 1970 do. How many are there today
Created joint operating agreements so that two papers I. The same market could cut costs and combine some compartments. Are 5 today
97
Why were online newspapers not as successful as they hoped
Subscription and ad revenue remained with print copies. Print was considered the best source of information . Online was an inferior product filled with clutter, intrusive ads, and mistakes. It was also free and thus seen as inferior
98
What is the online news analogy
Newspapers were steakhouse who became a wannabe McDonald's when the real McDonald's came to town even though they have no clue how to be a McDonald's
