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COM 1520 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 6 major movie studios and the percentage of the box office they own together

A 
One 80% of the box office
Warner bros
Bueno vista
Universal
20th century fox
Sony Colombia
Paramount
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2
Q

Name the 6 mini-major movie studios and the percentage of the box office owned by the most influential

A 
Lionsgate 8%
Weinstein company
MGM (used to be a major)
Dream works
Relativity media
Open road films
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3
Q

What happened in 1948

A

The government made studios give up one facet of business- exhibition: movie houses

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4
Q

What fraction of films are produced by independent production companies

A

2/3

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5
Q

What are the main functions of studios

A

Financing and distributing films

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6
Q

What is negative cost

A

The total cost of completing one finished copy of a film

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7
Q

What is above the line cost

A

Cost of creative talent. Is a part of the negative cost

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8
Q

What is below the line cost

A

The actual cost of production. Is a part of negative cost

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9
Q

What is post-production costs

A

What is done after filming for production, like editing. Is a part of the negative cost

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10
Q

What is the average cost of making a feature film

A

$110-$140 million

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11
Q

What is the rule of thumb for advertising and marketing large budget movies and lower budget films

A

Advertising and marketing should run half the production cost for large budgets and run around $30 million for lower budgets.

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12
Q

Why is advertising so expensive

A

Have to advertise on TV and TV advertising time is expensive

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13
Q

Today, what is a blockbuster film

A

A film that earns 2.5-3 times its negative cost at the box office

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14
Q

What is the first ever summer blockbuster film without inflation adjustments and with them

A

Without- JAWS 1975

With- Gone With the Wind

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15
Q

How many screens are available in the U.S.

A

Over 40,000

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16
Q

What is saturation release pattern

A

Movie released to 3,000 or more screens. Is the largest release pattern for movies. Is one of the 3 most common

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17
Q

What is a very wide release pattern

A

A movie released to between 2,000 and 3,000 screens. Is one of the 3 most common release patterns

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18
Q

What is a wide release pattern

A

A movie released to between 600 and 2,000 screens. Is one of the 3 most common patters

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19
Q

What is a platform release pattern

A

When a film is released to select markets to gauge the buzz and get feedback because the Susie does not know how it will be perceived

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20
Q

What is a limited release pattern

A

Films that have niche appeal and got o only a few theaters because the studio does not think it will appeal to many people.
Also a film has to be released theatrically to be eligible to receive a reward

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21
Q

What is the box office

A

The initial release of a movie and all releases and ticket sales at the theater

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22
Q

What are the film industry revenue percentages for box office, licensing fees, and home video

A

Box office-25%
Licensing fees to TV, Cable, and satellite- 26%
Home video- 50%
Is physical- dvd, blu ray, or electronic- streaming

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23
Q

What are the three phases of filmmaking

A

Pre-production
Production
Post-production

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24
Q

What goes into pre-production

A

Financing, script cast and location

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25
Q

What is financing and its 4 movie types

A

The money needed to produce the film

  1. ) studios
  2. ) investment groups
  3. ) product placement advertising
  4. ) banks
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26
Q

What is a script and describe the process

A

Idea is turned into property. Property is turned into a script through treatment. The treatment goes through a first draft and rewrites until there is a shooting script

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27
Q

What is cast and how are they paid.

A

The actors and actresses hired on a per-film basis. Can have a contractual salary deal or a backend deal where they get a percentage of the final profit and a small upfront salary

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28
Q

What is location

A

Where the filming will actually take place. Plus all of the permits and police/safety official permission needed for filming

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29
Q

What is production and what is the average length

A

When a film is being shot

Average length is 70 days

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30
Q

What goes into post production

A

Editing
Sound track
Special effects

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31
Q

What is editing

A

Putting the film in the correct order and making everything mesh well.

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32
Q

What does Baxter call a movie that makes no sense

A

A premise without a plot

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33
Q

What is a sound track and describe the 3 facets of ti

A

Sounds that are added to the film
Music score- background music

Dialogue recording- ADR dialogue looping/re recording whatever dialogue was not usage and syncing the new sounds to the lip movements in the movie

Sound effects- sounds are created In a foley. The sounds go to specific actions

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34
Q

What are special effects

A

CGI- computer generated images are added into the movie digitally.

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35
Q

What is exhibition

A

When a movie is released by the studio to the cinema

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36
Q

What are the two largest cinema chains and how many screens do they own

A

AMC- 8,200 screens (American multi cinema)

Regal- 7,334 screens

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37
Q

What is an exhibition license and what goes into it

A

A license that allows each cinema to exhibit a film, comes from the studio. Has the opening date, the longevity of the film(how many weeks it will be played) and the box office split ration and timeline

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38
Q

What percentage of screens has converted to digital projection

A

97%

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39
Q

What are the 3 ways to distribute films digitally and why would you want to do this

A

Satellite upload
Disk
Hard drive

You have a better picture, better sound, and it doesn’t break as easily

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40
Q

What are the movie windows of release

A

The process of points of exposure a movie goes through once released

41
Q

Give the timeline for the windows of release

A
  1. ) box office/cinema
  2. ) home video- dvd, blu Ray, streaming, cable on demand
  3. ) pay-per-view-only on satellite and is when a movie is a bust
  4. ) pay cable- HBO subscriber channels
  5. ) broadcast network debue- successful movies are played on broadcast channels a while after original showing
  6. ) syndication- years later movies will be so,d in packages to other media companies
42
Q

Who does movie ratings

A

Motion picture association of America (MPAA)

12 so cal parents from varying backgrounds rate the films

43
Q

What were the original movie ratings and describe them

A

G-general audience
M- mature audiences
R-restricted only 17+
X- adult content 18+

44
Q

What were the new ratings added

A

M became PG-parental guidance
PG -13 was added
X became NC-17 for 18+

45
Q

What are the seasons for the box office and what percentage of business do they earn

A

Memorial Day to Labor Day -40%

Christmas holiday and Easter holiday -20%

46
Q

When and wher was the first public display of TV

A

New York World’s fair 1939 by RCA

47
Q

What ushered in video politics

A

Kennedy and Nixon TV debate in 1960

48
Q

How many TV households are there today and how many TV stations

A

118.5 million and 1175 stations

49
Q

What are the big 4 broadcast TV networks

A

NBC
ABC
CBS
FOX

50
Q

What is a network

A

Company that acquires a group of programs and puts them into a 7 day and night schedule and sells advertising slots to national sponsors. Needs to assure advertising slots will be seen by everybody so has lots of stations and affiliates

51
Q

What is a station

A

A local broadcast station that is licensed by the FCC that carries out programs

52
Q

Name the 3 categories of commercial TV stations and describe them

A
  1. ) owned and operated-license is owned by a network (fox owns 17, cbs owns 14, abc owns 8)
  2. ) affiliates- station is not owned. By network but has agreed to carry out a network program on their station
  3. ) independents- is local and has no connection to a big 4 network
53
Q

What did the telecom bill of 96 do

A

Ownership from 12 stations in a market went to a population cap

54
Q

What is today’s population cap

A

39%

55
Q

Explain the process of making a TV show

A

Companies that produce shows come up with concepts and pitch them to broadcast networks who pick the ones they like and request a script if they like it it becomes a pilot and from the pilot a network will order a number of episodes

56
Q

What percentage of all new TV shows fail

A

75% is called the death rate

57
Q

How long is a full season and how many do networks originally buy

A

22 episodes

Begging by buying 3-6 shows

58
Q

What is the average cost of a brand new broadcast show per episode: 30 min sitcom and 1 hr dram

A

30 minute sitcom- 2 million

1 hr drama- 4 million

59
Q

Name the 5 TV scheduling strategies and describe them

A
  1. ) lead off show- show begins the prime time block
  2. ) lead in show- popular show is placed in front of new show hoping people will stay
  3. ) hammock show- new or weak show is strung between two strong shows
  4. ) tent pole show- strong show is places in the middle of two lesser shows
  5. ) counter programming- showing programs opposite in demographic appeal than a competition
60
Q

What is syndication

A

When media companies licenses their content to other media companies

61
Q

Name and describe the 3 types of syndication

A
  1. ) Off network- once prime time shows are licensed after 5 seasons to be played elsewhere
  2. ) first run- shows produced for the syndication market
  3. ) off cable- shows that originated on cable networks
62
Q

What is day and date

A

When a film is released for dvd sale and to on-demand channels on the same day

63
Q

What company does TV ratings

A

Nielsen

64
Q

What two systems does Nielsen use to. Omit or network viewership1

A
  1. ) overnight- goes into 56 markets to 300-400 households installs a box to record when the TV is on and what is watch. I for is sent to Nielsen over night
  2. )national sample- 37,000 from all markets get a people meter installed so you log who watches what- is more detailed
65
Q

What percent of TV households have DVR

A

53%

66
Q

What are the DVR viewership time lines for Nielsen. What are the percentage of when shows are watched

A

Live- when it first comes on
Live +24- watch within 24 hrs
Live +3- watch within 3 days
Live +7- watch within a week.

49% is watched within 24 hrs
88% is watched within 3 days

67
Q

How does Nielsen monitor local stations

A

Sweep months

Rates local stations during November-start of TV show season, February-second TV season, may, and june

68
Q

What is engagement

A

Trying to understand what demographic is super fans for which shows

69
Q

What is multi platform

A

Measuring viewing through streaming, apps, and other platforms aside from TV and DVR

70
Q

What is linear TV

A

Regular TV watching- the old fashioned way

71
Q

What is pay TV and what percentage of household have it

A

Households that subscribe to cable or satellite TV

84% of households

72
Q

What were the 1970 cable developments

A

Ted turner created a downloadable signal for tbs and sold everything to time warner incorporated and HBO movie channels were created

73
Q

Who are the top 4 pay TV providers

A
  1. ) AT&T-direct TV
  2. ) Comcast cable
  3. ) charter communications (spectrum)
  4. ) dish network
74
Q

What are the three cable terms

A

OTT- over the top- streaming services and Internet
Cord cutters- people who complete left cable services
Cord nevers- have never had cable and never will

75
Q

How do cable networks work

A

Networks are satellite fed and you have to have a cable or satellite subscription to get the local channels
-networks charge carriage fees to cable and satellite operators per month per subscription

76
Q

What is satellite

A

A national service accessed through a 1-800 operator

77
Q

What is the satellite viewer improvement act of 1999

A

Established local into local
Satellite companies are now allowed to pick up local signals bounce it off their satellite and bring is back into the same market.

78
Q

What happened in June 2009

A

Government mandated tvs to go digital to provide for high definition TV

79
Q

What are the 3 traditions of American journalism

A
  1. )freedom of the press- govt will keep hands of the press
  2. ) the media is a place for discussion and debate
  3. ) the news should comment vigorously on public issues
80
Q

What is the partisan press era

A

Between 1770 and 1846 when newspapers were openly partisan

81
Q

What is the associated press and when was it formed

A

1846

6 nyc newspapers form the associated press company to creat the first wire sevice

82
Q

What is a wire service

A

Bureaus in large cities cover breaking news and sends their stories over a wire for small media outlets to pay to have access to
.

83
Q

What did the associated press company decide

A

So many people would be using their work it needed to be neutral and straightforward

84
Q

What is yellow and jazz journalism

A

The concentration of news on sensational and salacious stories that sell copies. They are the same thing just said at different times. Was yellow and the Jazz

85
Q

What happened in 1923

A

The American society of newspaper editors was created and gave the 7 cannons of journalism

86
Q

What are the 7 canons of journalism

A

1.) responsibility-to public well fare
2,) freedom of the press- is to be regarded as vital and unquestionable
3.) independence- journalist should be independent from outside sources
4.) sincerity, truthfulness, and accuracy
5.) impartiality- free of onion and bias
6.) fair play- give opposing issue viewpoints
7.) decency- don’t pander be decent

87
Q

What are the 8 newsworthiness criteria

A
  1. ) timeliness
  2. ) proximity
  3. ) prominence
    4) consequence
  4. ) conflict
  5. ) human interest
  6. ) novelty
  7. ) deviance
88
Q

Name and describe the 4 categories of news

A
  1. ) hard news- significant and may directly impact people- inverted pyramid
  2. ) soft news- feature stories, not important to everybody
  3. ) investigative reporting- content is hard news and it takes work to bring something hidden into light
  4. ) opinion: not official but journalist write their opinion
89
Q

Name and describe the four journalism practices

A

Pack journalism- swarm over a story, frame and buzzword the same
Two sides to story- details go down to two simple sides
Adversarial relationship with authority- watchdog
Cynicism- negative and determined by pres office

90
Q

What two events increased the level of cynicism

A

Vietnam war

Watergate

91
Q

Name the 3 issues in journalism

A

Bias
Entertainments as news
Polls as news

92
Q

Name and describe the 4 categories of bias

A
  1. ) Partisan bias- a cause is deliberately promoted and is open about it
  2. )Propaganda bias- a story is promoted with the deliberate intent to sway a reader without explicitly say so
  3. ) unwitting bias- editorial judgements. What editor decides will be printed
  4. ) market demand bias- story is aimed at a specific audience
93
Q

Name the 4 characteristics of newspapers

A

Local
Serve as historical record
Is a watchdog over society
Is the most recognizable media brand

94
Q

Name and describe the 5 categories of newspapers and the top 4 newspapers by circulation associated with them

A
  1. ) national- is. Every where #1 paper I Wall Street journal is national
  2. ) large metro dailies- published in market of 500,00+ people. #2-new York time, #3 USA today #4 LA times are large metro dailies
  3. ) medium sized daily- published in a market of 100,00-500,000 people
  4. ) small town daily- any market under 100,000
  5. ) special service and minority newspapers
95
Q

What makes a paper a daily

A

Published 5 days a week

96
Q

What did the newspaper preservation act of 1970 do. How many are there today

A

Created joint operating agreements so that two papers I. The same market could cut costs and combine some compartments. Are 5 today

97
Q

Why were online newspapers not as successful as they hoped

A

Subscription and ad revenue remained with print copies. Print was considered the best source of information . Online was an inferior product filled with clutter, intrusive ads, and mistakes. It was also free and thus seen as inferior

98
Q

What is the online news analogy

A

Newspapers were steakhouse who became a wannabe McDonald’s when the real McDonald’s came to town even though they have no clue how to be a McDonald’s

COM 1520 (3 decks)

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