Exam 2

Question 1

Where is the most of earths fresh water?

Answer 1

Glaciers and ice caps (68.7%)

Question 2

What is an Atom?

Answer 2

building blocks of all matter

Question 3

What are the three types of subatomic particles?

Answer 3

1. Protons
2. Neutrons
3. Electrons

Question 4

What is a molecule?

Answer 4

Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

Question 5

What are the two types of chemical bonds?

Answer 5

Intramolecular

Intermolecular

Question 6

what is the components of intramolecular bonds?

Answer 6

Between atoms
•Type 1: Covalent bonds
•Type 2: Ionic bonds

Question 7

what is the components of intermolecular bonds?

Answer 7

Between molecules

•Type 1: Hydrogen bonds

Question 8

what are the properties of liquid water?

Answer 8

1. Hydrogen bonding
2. Universal solvent
3. Heat capacity

Question 9

what are the three phases of water?

Answer 9

Solid, liquid and gas phase

Question 10

what is latent heat?

Answer 10

energy for a phase change

Question 11

what is density?

Answer 11

Density = mass/unit volume

Question 12

is freshwater more or less dense than sea water?

Answer 12

less dense

Question 13

is cold or hot water more dense?

Answer 13

cold water

Question 14

what is salinity?

Answer 14

Salinity: Total amount of dissolved solids in water including dissolved gases

Question 15

how does salinity increase?

Answer 15

–Sea ice formation

–Evaporation

Question 16

how does salinity decrease?

Answer 16

–Runoff, melting icebergs, melting sea ice

–Precipitation

Question 17

what is a pycnocline?

Answer 17

a layer in an ocean or other body of water in which water density increases rapidly with depth.

Question 18

what is a Halocline?

Answer 18

an increase in salinity

Question 19

what are the three types of heat transfers?

Answer 19

Conduction
Radiation
Convection

Question 20

seasonal variations: what area is tropics region at?

Answer 20

Between 23.5N and 23.5 S

Question 21

seasonal variations: Arctic circle

Answer 21

– North of 66.5 degrees north
latitude
– No direct solar radiation
during Northern
Hemisphere winter

Question 22

seasonal variations: Antarctic circle

Answer 22

– South of 66.5 degrees
south latitude-
– No direct solar radiation in
Southern Hemisphere
winter

Question 23

what is albedo? how is it measured?

Answer 23

– Reflectivity of a surface
– Average for Earth is 30%
measured in percents 0-100

Question 24

atmosphere composition, Relatively constant

components:

Answer 24

Nitrogen, Oxygen,
Argon, CO2, Plus trace
amounts of others

Question 25

variable components of atmosphere

Answer 25

1. Water vapor 2. Dust 3. Ozone

Question 26

weather is generated in the...

Answer 26

troposphere

Question 27

what is a convection cell?

Answer 27

a circular-moving loop of air by warm air rising and cool air sinking

Question 28

what is pressure

Answer 28

pressure= force/ area

Question 29

The Coriolis Effect definition

Answer 29

• Deflects path of moving object | from viewer’s perspective

Question 30

High pressure zones – descending air Subtropical highs

Answer 30

30 degrees | latitude

Question 31

High pressure zones – descending air Polar highs

Answer 31

90 degrees latitude

Question 32

Low pressure zones – rising air | Equatorial low

Answer 32

equator

Question 33

Low pressure zones – rising air | Subpolar lows

Answer 33

60 degrees latitude

Question 34

what are the circulation cells?

Answer 34

``` – Hadley Cell: 0– 30 degrees latitude – Ferrel Cell: 30– 60 degrees latitude – Polar Cell: 60– 90 degrees latitude ```

Question 35

Coastal environments include:

Answer 35

Estuaries and deltas

Question 36

Isostatic sea level changes are____ in contrast to eustatic changes which are____

Answer 36

Local, global

Question 37

Hydrogen bonds form because water is a slightly_____ molecule

Answer 37

Polar

Question 38

It takes___ energy to boil water then to melt ice

Answer 38

More

Question 39

An alternative to constructing a barrier to prevent coastal erosion includes....

Answer 39

Beach replenishment where sediment is added

Question 40

Sea water contains...

Answer 40

Water, dissolved ions (salt) and gases

Question 41

Water has the highest density when...

Answer 41

Liquid

Question 42

T/F | The presence of water prevents high latitudes from freezing and the equator’s water from boiling off

Answer 42

True

Question 43

What is weather?

Answer 43

The current or particular time or place

Question 44

What is climate?

Answer 44

The long term average

Question 45

What is an air mass?

Answer 45

Large volumes of air with distinct properties

Question 46

What is the boundary between air masses called?

Answer 46

Front

Question 47

What is a storm?

Answer 47

Atmospheric disturbances with strong wind and precipitation

Question 48

How are cyclones classified?

Answer 48

By max sustained wind speed

Question 49

What are the process in storm development?

Answer 49

Tropical depression Topical storm Cyclone