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Pharmacology Prototypes > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What class does Propranolol belong to?

A

Beta Blocker

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2
Q

When taking a beta blocker what should you NOT do?

A

Stop abruptly!

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3
Q

What is Propranolol contraindicated with?

A

Bradycardia

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4
Q

When prescribing Propranolol what diagnosis would you use caution with and why?

A

Diabetes because it masks the signs and symptoms of high or low blood sugar

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5
Q

What is a common side effect with Propranolol?

A

Cough

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6
Q

If a patient is taking Propranolol and clonidine what could this cause?

A

Hypertension

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7
Q

If a patient is taking Propranolol and NSAIDs what could happen?

A

The Propranolol’s effectiveness may be decreased

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8
Q

What class does Captopril belong to?

A

ACE inhibitor

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9
Q

What is Captopril contraindicated with?

A

Impaired renal function

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10
Q

What are the adverse effects for Captopril?

A
  • Vasodilation
  • GI irritation (ulcers)
  • Renal insufficiency
  • Nonproductive cough
  • Fluid loss
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11
Q

When taking Captopril what could happen with the patients potassium and sodium levels?

A

Could cause a small increase

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12
Q

What drug interacts with Captopril?

A

allopurinol

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13
Q

What class does Losartan belong to?

A

Angiotensin II receptor blocker

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14
Q

What does Losartan do?

A

It selectively blocks binding of angiotensin II to specific tissue receptors on vascular smooth muscle

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15
Q

What drug does Losartan interact with?

A

Phenobarbital

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16
Q

What class does Diltiazem belong to?

A

Calcium Channel blocker

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17
Q

What does Diltiazem treat?

A

Hyper tension in ER or SR form

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18
Q

What does Diltiazem do?

A

Slows conduction, decreases contractility and dilates arterioles. This decreases myocardial oxygen consumption

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19
Q

What are the adverse effects of Diltiazem?

A 
Heart attack
Peripheral edema
Bradycardia
AV block
Flushing
Nausea
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20
Q

What drug interacts with Diltiazem?

A

Cyclosporine

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21
Q

What class does Nitroprusside belong to?

A

Vasodilator

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22
Q

What does Nitroprusside treat?

A

Severe hypertension and maintenance of controlled hypotension in anesthesia or acute heart failure

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23
Q

How does Nitroprusside work?

A

It acts directly on vascular smooth muscle

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24
Q

What occurs due to using Nitroprusside?

A

Renin release

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25
What is contraindicated for prescribing Nitroprusside?
Cerebral insufficiency
26
What are the adverse effects for Nitroprusside?
``` Apprehension Retrosternal pressure Palpitation CYANIDE TOXICITY Diaphoresis Irritation at injection site ```
27
What is the most important adverse effect to remember for Nitroprusside?
Cyanide toxicity
28
What class does Ezetimibe belong to?
Cholesterol absorption inhibitor
29
How does Ezetimibe work?
It inhibits absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine
30
What does Ezetimibe treat?
Homozygous familial cholesterol
31
What are the adverse effects of Ezetimibe?
``` Abdominal pain Diarrhea Heart Attack Dizziness Back pain General aches and pains ```
32
What drugs does Ezetimibe interact with?
``` Warfarin Vibrates Cyclosporine Cholestyramine Fenofibrate Gemfibrozil Antacids ```
33
What class does Cholestyramine belong to?
Bile acid sequestrant
34
How does Cholestyramine work?
By binding to bile acids in intestine allowing excretion in feces instead of reabsorption.
35
Where does Cholestyramine cause cholesterol to be iodized and what happens to the cholesterol levels?
It becomes iodized in the liver and the levels fall
36
Is Cholestyramine absorbed systemically?
No
37
What is contraindicated for prescribing Cholestyramine?
Complete biliary abstraction and abnormal intestinal function
38
What is the major adverse effect associated with Cholestyramine?
Increased bleeding times
39
What drugs should you not give if the patient takes Cholestyramine?
``` Thiazide diuretics Digoxin Warfarin Thyroid hormones Corticosteroids ```
40
When should you take Cholestyramine?
2 hours before or after meals and other medications
41
What should you not mix Cholestyramine with?
Carbonated beverages
42
What class does Atorvastatin belong to?
HMG CoA reductase inhibitor (Stanins)
43
What are statins the drug of choice for treating?
LDL levels
44
How do Statins work?
They interfere with the synthesis of cholesterol by working at the cellular level
45
What are the contraindications for prescribing Atorvastatin?
Active liver disease | History of alcoholic liver disease
46
What should you monitor when giving Atorvastatin?
Liver function
47
What is the major adverse effect for Atorvastatin?
Rabdomylosis - watch for muscle pain
48
What fruit juice should be avoided if you take Atorvastatin?
Grapefruit juice
49
When should a patient take atorvastatin?
In the morning
50
What class does Nitroglycerin belong to?
Nitrates
51
Where does Nitroglycerin effect the body?
Directly on smooth muscle to cause relaxation and depress muscle tone
52
What does Nitroglycerin treat?
The prevention or treatment of angina pectoris attacks
53
When should you not give nitroglycerin?
If the patient has: | severe anemia, head trauma or cerebral hemorrhage
54
When should you use caution when administering nitroglycerin?
Hypotension Hypovolemia Any condition limiting cardiac output
55
What should you check before administering nitroglycerin?
Blood pressure-dont give if too low
56
What are the adverse effects of nitroglycerin?
Headache and dizziness Flushing Hypotension Increased perspiration
57
What drugs interact with nitroglycerin?
Ergot derivatives | Heparin
58
True or false: | You should administer nitroglycerin if the patient is anemic?
FALSE
59
What class does Metoprolol belong to?
Beta blocker
60
What does Metoprolol do?
It blocks the stimulators effects of the SNS to decrease cardiac output and renin release.
61
What does Metoprolol treat?
Stable angina pectoris Hypertension Prevention of reinfarction in MI patients Stable CHF
62
What would contraindicate administration of Metoprolol?
``` Bradycardia Heart block Cardiogenic shock Asthma COPD ```
63
When should you use caution if prescribing Metoprolol?
If the patient has Diabetes or PVD
64
What do all of the adverse effects of Metoprolol relate to?
Blockage of SNS
65
What are the adverse effects of Metoprolol?
``` CHF Decreased cardiac output Arrhythmias Dizziness Fatigue Branchospasm ```
66
What drug should you not give if the patient is on Metoprolol?
Clonidine
67
What does Calcium Channel blockers like Diltiazem do to beta blockers?
It intensifies their effect
68
What class does Digoxin belong to?
Cardiac Glycoside
69
What does Digoxin do?
It increases the strength of contraction with increased cardiac out put
70
What does it mean by Digoxin has a negative chronotropic effect?
Digoxin slows the heart rate by decreasing conduction velocity.
71
What should you check for one full minute before administering Digoxin?
Apical Pulse
72
What class does Diltiazem belong to?
Calcium Channel Blocker
73
What is Diltiazem used for?
Prinzmetals angina
74
What type of fruit juice should you not consume if on Diltiazem?
Grapefruit
75
What class does Furosemide belong to?
Loop diuretic
76
Wheat should you report in a patient who is taking furosemide?
Tinnitus
77
If you are allergic to sulfonamides what should you not take?
Furosemide
78
Hydrochlorothiazide belongs to what class?
Thiazide diuretic
79
What class does Spironolactone belong to?
Potassium sparing diuretic
80
What effects are blocked in a patient who is receiving Spironolactone?
Aldosterone
81
What class does Mannitol belong to?
Osmotic diuretics
82
What does Mannitol treat?
Intracranial and intraoccqular pressure as well as pulmonary edema
83
What does Mannitol prevent?
Sodium loss

Pharmacology Prototypes (2 decks)

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