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Pharmacology Prototypes > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What class does Propranolol belong to?

A

Beta Blocker

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2
Q

When taking a beta blocker what should you NOT do?

A

Stop abruptly!

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3
Q

What is Propranolol contraindicated with?

A

Bradycardia

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4
Q

When prescribing Propranolol what diagnosis would you use caution with and why?

A

Diabetes because it masks the signs and symptoms of high or low blood sugar

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5
Q

What is a common side effect with Propranolol?

A

Cough

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6
Q

If a patient is taking Propranolol and clonidine what could this cause?

A

Hypertension

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7
Q

If a patient is taking Propranolol and NSAIDs what could happen?

A

The Propranolol’s effectiveness may be decreased

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8
Q

What class does Captopril belong to?

A

ACE inhibitor

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9
Q

What is Captopril contraindicated with?

A

Impaired renal function

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10
Q

What are the adverse effects for Captopril?

A
  • Vasodilation
  • GI irritation (ulcers)
  • Renal insufficiency
  • Nonproductive cough
  • Fluid loss
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11
Q

When taking Captopril what could happen with the patients potassium and sodium levels?

A

Could cause a small increase

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12
Q

What drug interacts with Captopril?

A

allopurinol

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13
Q

What class does Losartan belong to?

A

Angiotensin II receptor blocker

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14
Q

What does Losartan do?

A

It selectively blocks binding of angiotensin II to specific tissue receptors on vascular smooth muscle

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15
Q

What drug does Losartan interact with?

A

Phenobarbital

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16
Q

What class does Diltiazem belong to?

A

Calcium Channel blocker

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17
Q

What does Diltiazem treat?

A

Hyper tension in ER or SR form

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18
Q

What does Diltiazem do?

A

Slows conduction, decreases contractility and dilates arterioles. This decreases myocardial oxygen consumption

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19
Q

What are the adverse effects of Diltiazem?

A 
Heart attack
Peripheral edema
Bradycardia
AV block
Flushing
Nausea
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20
Q

What drug interacts with Diltiazem?

A

Cyclosporine

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21
Q

What class does Nitroprusside belong to?

A

Vasodilator

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22
Q

What does Nitroprusside treat?

A

Severe hypertension and maintenance of controlled hypotension in anesthesia or acute heart failure

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23
Q

How does Nitroprusside work?

A

It acts directly on vascular smooth muscle

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24
Q

What occurs due to using Nitroprusside?

A

Renin release

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25
Q

What is contraindicated for prescribing Nitroprusside?

A

Cerebral insufficiency

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26
Q

What are the adverse effects for Nitroprusside?

A 
Apprehension
Retrosternal pressure
Palpitation
CYANIDE TOXICITY
Diaphoresis
Irritation at injection site
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27
Q

What is the most important adverse effect to remember for Nitroprusside?

A

Cyanide toxicity

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28
Q

What class does Ezetimibe belong to?

A

Cholesterol absorption inhibitor

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29
Q

How does Ezetimibe work?

A

It inhibits absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine

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30
Q

What does Ezetimibe treat?

A

Homozygous familial cholesterol

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31
Q

What are the adverse effects of Ezetimibe?

A 
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
Heart Attack
Dizziness
Back pain
General aches and pains
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32
Q

What drugs does Ezetimibe interact with?

A 
Warfarin
Vibrates
Cyclosporine
Cholestyramine
Fenofibrate
Gemfibrozil
Antacids
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33
Q

What class does Cholestyramine belong to?

A

Bile acid sequestrant

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34
Q

How does Cholestyramine work?

A

By binding to bile acids in intestine allowing excretion in feces instead of reabsorption.

35
Q

Where does Cholestyramine cause cholesterol to be iodized and what happens to the cholesterol levels?

A

It becomes iodized in the liver and the levels fall

36
Q

Is Cholestyramine absorbed systemically?

A

No

37
Q

What is contraindicated for prescribing Cholestyramine?

A

Complete biliary abstraction and abnormal intestinal function

38
Q

What is the major adverse effect associated with Cholestyramine?

A

Increased bleeding times

39
Q

What drugs should you not give if the patient takes Cholestyramine?

A 
Thiazide diuretics
Digoxin
Warfarin
Thyroid hormones
Corticosteroids
40
Q

When should you take Cholestyramine?

A

2 hours before or after meals and other medications

41
Q

What should you not mix Cholestyramine with?

A

Carbonated beverages

42
Q

What class does Atorvastatin belong to?

A

HMG CoA reductase inhibitor (Stanins)

43
Q

What are statins the drug of choice for treating?

A

LDL levels

44
Q

How do Statins work?

A

They interfere with the synthesis of cholesterol by working at the cellular level

45
Q

What are the contraindications for prescribing Atorvastatin?

A

Active liver disease

History of alcoholic liver disease

46
Q

What should you monitor when giving Atorvastatin?

A

Liver function

47
Q

What is the major adverse effect for Atorvastatin?

A

Rabdomylosis - watch for muscle pain

48
Q

What fruit juice should be avoided if you take Atorvastatin?

A

Grapefruit juice

49
Q

When should a patient take atorvastatin?

A

In the morning

50
Q

What class does Nitroglycerin belong to?

A

Nitrates

51
Q

Where does Nitroglycerin effect the body?

A

Directly on smooth muscle to cause relaxation and depress muscle tone

52
Q

What does Nitroglycerin treat?

A

The prevention or treatment of angina pectoris attacks

53
Q

When should you not give nitroglycerin?

A

If the patient has:

severe anemia, head trauma or cerebral hemorrhage

54
Q

When should you use caution when administering nitroglycerin?

A

Hypotension
Hypovolemia
Any condition limiting cardiac output

55
Q

What should you check before administering nitroglycerin?

A

Blood pressure-dont give if too low

56
Q

What are the adverse effects of nitroglycerin?

A

Headache and dizziness
Flushing
Hypotension
Increased perspiration

57
Q

What drugs interact with nitroglycerin?

A

Ergot derivatives

Heparin

58
Q

True or false:

You should administer nitroglycerin if the patient is anemic?

A

FALSE

59
Q

What class does Metoprolol belong to?

A

Beta blocker

60
Q

What does Metoprolol do?

A

It blocks the stimulators effects of the SNS to decrease cardiac output and renin release.

61
Q

What does Metoprolol treat?

A

Stable angina pectoris
Hypertension
Prevention of reinfarction in MI patients
Stable CHF

62
Q

What would contraindicate administration of Metoprolol?

A 
Bradycardia
Heart block
Cardiogenic shock
Asthma
COPD
63
Q

When should you use caution if prescribing Metoprolol?

A

If the patient has Diabetes or PVD

64
Q

What do all of the adverse effects of Metoprolol relate to?

A

Blockage of SNS

65
Q

What are the adverse effects of Metoprolol?

A 
CHF
Decreased cardiac output
Arrhythmias
Dizziness
Fatigue
Branchospasm
66
Q

What drug should you not give if the patient is on Metoprolol?

A

Clonidine

67
Q

What does Calcium Channel blockers like Diltiazem do to beta blockers?

A

It intensifies their effect

68
Q

What class does Digoxin belong to?

A

Cardiac Glycoside

69
Q

What does Digoxin do?

A

It increases the strength of contraction with increased cardiac out put

70
Q

What does it mean by Digoxin has a negative chronotropic effect?

A

Digoxin slows the heart rate by decreasing conduction velocity.

71
Q

What should you check for one full minute before administering Digoxin?

A

Apical Pulse

72
Q

What class does Diltiazem belong to?

A

Calcium Channel Blocker

73
Q

What is Diltiazem used for?

A

Prinzmetals angina

74
Q

What type of fruit juice should you not consume if on Diltiazem?

A

Grapefruit

75
Q

What class does Furosemide belong to?

A

Loop diuretic

76
Q

Wheat should you report in a patient who is taking furosemide?

A

Tinnitus

77
Q

If you are allergic to sulfonamides what should you not take?

A

Furosemide

78
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide belongs to what class?

A

Thiazide diuretic

79
Q

What class does Spironolactone belong to?

A

Potassium sparing diuretic

80
Q

What effects are blocked in a patient who is receiving Spironolactone?

A

Aldosterone

81
Q

What class does Mannitol belong to?

A

Osmotic diuretics

82
Q

What does Mannitol treat?

A

Intracranial and intraoccqular pressure as well as pulmonary edema

83
Q

What does Mannitol prevent?

A

Sodium loss

Pharmacology Prototypes (2 decks)

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