Exam 1 Flashcards
What class does thiopental belong to?
Barbiturate anesthetic
What do you need to know about thiopental?
It is NOT an analgesic. It decreases: BP, HR, RR.
What class does midazolam belong to?
Non-Barbiturate anesthetic
What do you need to know about midazolam?
It is NOT an analgesic. Rapid onset. Causes amnesia. Contraindicated in COPD, kidney disease, heart disease.
What is the antidote for midazolam?
Flumazenil
What class does nitrous oxide belong to?
Analgesic
What do you need to know about nitrous oxide?
Given with O2. Has a risk of hypoxia.
What class does halothane belong to?
Volatile liquid
What do you need to know about halothane?
Biggest malignant hyperthermia concern. Do not use more than once every 3 weeks.
What is the antidote to malignant hyperthermia?
Dantroline
What is the risk concerned with dantroline?
hypoxia
What class does lidocaine belong to?
local anesthetic
What do you need to know about lidocaine?
Affects the permeability of nerve membranes to sodium ions.
What does lidocaine interact with?
epinephrine and succinylcholine.
What is midazolam contraindicated with?
COPD, kidney disease, and heart disease.
The pressure associated with nitrous oxide can cause…
Sinus, ear, and GI problems. A pneumothorax.
What class does succinylcholine belong to?
Depolarizing NMJ
What increases the effects of succinylcholine?
Aminoglycosides like gentomycin.
What do you need to know about succinylcholine?
It is a paralytic often used for intubation.
What class does aspirin belong to?
anti-platelet
What does aspirin do?
It alters the formation of the platelet plug. Reduces inflammation.
What are the adverse effects to aspirin?
Heartburn, abdominal pain, ulceration, tinnitus
What are the contraindications to aspirin?
Increased intracranial pressure and bleeding, bleeding disorders, and alcoholism.
What class does heparin belong in?
Anticoagulant
What is the antidote for heparin?
Protamine sulfate
What labs do you need to check for heparin?
PTT (partial thromboplastin time) & APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time)
Why would they use heparin as a prophylaxis treatment?
For DVTs and Pulmonary embolisms.
What does PTT and APTT test for and what is its peak time.
The conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. It peaks within minutes.
What class does warfarin belong in?
anticoagulant.
What is the antidote for warfarin?
FFP and vitamin K
What labs is tested when taken warfarin?
PT and INR
What pregnancy category does warfarin belong to?
X
What is the onset for warfarin?
2-7 days
Why is a consistent diet crucial when taking warfarin?
It helps maintain a therapeutic INR.
What class does enoxaparin belong to?
Anticoagulant
What else is enoxaparin known as?
Low molecular weight heparin
Why is enoxaparin used over heparin?
It has fewer systemic adverse effects
Why is enoxaparin used as an adjunct to chemo?
It blocks the precess that allows cancer cells to develop in new vessels.
What does enoxaparin do?
it inhibits thrombus and clot formation by blocking factors Xa and Iia.
What is the antidote for enoxaparin?
Potamine Sulfate
What class does urokinase belong to?
Thrombolytic agent
What are the adverse effects of urokinase?
HA, hypotension, bleeding, bronchospasm, pain, fever.
What does urokinase do?
Converts plasminogen to plasmin to break fibrin clots
What is urokinase used for and what is its onset time?
It is used for the lysis of pulmonary embolisms with an immediate onset.
What are the adverse effects of antihemolytic factor?
HA, chills, hepatitis, AIDS (risks associated with use of blood products)
What do they use anti hemolytic factor for?
Temporary replacement of clotting factors . To correct or prevent bleeding to allow for surgery.
What class does epinephrine belong to?
Alpha and Beta adrenergic agonist
What is epinephrine used for?
treatment of shock and glaucoma
What does epinephrine prolong the effects of?
Regional anesthetics like lidocaine.
What class does dopamine belong to?
Alpha and beta adrenergic agonist
What are the adverse effects of dopamine?
tachycardia, ectopic beats, angina pain, hypotension, dyspnea, HA.
What is dopamine used to treat?
Shock
What does dopamine do?
Acts directly by the release of norepinephrine from the sympathetic nerve terminals. It maintains renal perfusion while stimulating sympathetic response.
What class does morphine belong to?
Opioid analgesic/agonist
What is the antidote for morphine?
naloxone
What is morphine used for during surgery and what can it cause?
It is a pre-anesthetic and can cause respiratory depression.
What class does naloxone belong to?
Opioid antagonists/ narcotic antagonist
What does naloxone do?
It reverses CNS depression. Used for narcotic overdosage, complete or partial reversal of narcotic depression.
What are adverse effects of naloxone?
hyperventilation, increased BP, tachycardia, elevated PTT.
What class does acetaminophen belong in?
Analgesic, antipyretic
What does acetaminophen not do?
It does not help with inflammation.
What is the max does for acetaminophen?
4 grams per day.
What do you need to watch for with acetaminophen?
Hepatotoxicity.
What is the antidote for acetaminophen?
N-acetylcysteine
