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Pharmacology Prototypes > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What class does thiopental belong to?

A

Barbiturate anesthetic

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2
Q

What do you need to know about thiopental?

A

It is NOT an analgesic. It decreases: BP, HR, RR.

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3
Q

What class does midazolam belong to?

A

Non-Barbiturate anesthetic

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4
Q

What do you need to know about midazolam?

A

It is NOT an analgesic. Rapid onset. Causes amnesia. Contraindicated in COPD, kidney disease, heart disease.

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5
Q

What is the antidote for midazolam?

A

Flumazenil

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6
Q

What class does nitrous oxide belong to?

A

Analgesic

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7
Q

What do you need to know about nitrous oxide?

A

Given with O2. Has a risk of hypoxia.

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8
Q

What class does halothane belong to?

A

Volatile liquid

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9
Q

What do you need to know about halothane?

A

Biggest malignant hyperthermia concern. Do not use more than once every 3 weeks.

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10
Q

What is the antidote to malignant hyperthermia?

A

Dantroline

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11
Q

What is the risk concerned with dantroline?

A

hypoxia

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12
Q

What class does lidocaine belong to?

A

local anesthetic

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13
Q

What do you need to know about lidocaine?

A

Affects the permeability of nerve membranes to sodium ions.

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14
Q

What does lidocaine interact with?

A

epinephrine and succinylcholine.

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15
Q

What is midazolam contraindicated with?

A

COPD, kidney disease, and heart disease.

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16
Q

The pressure associated with nitrous oxide can cause…

A

Sinus, ear, and GI problems. A pneumothorax.

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17
Q

What class does succinylcholine belong to?

A

Depolarizing NMJ

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18
Q

What increases the effects of succinylcholine?

A

Aminoglycosides like gentomycin.

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19
Q

What do you need to know about succinylcholine?

A

It is a paralytic often used for intubation.

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20
Q

What class does aspirin belong to?

A

anti-platelet

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21
Q

What does aspirin do?

A

It alters the formation of the platelet plug. Reduces inflammation.

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22
Q

What are the adverse effects to aspirin?

A

Heartburn, abdominal pain, ulceration, tinnitus

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23
Q

What are the contraindications to aspirin?

A

Increased intracranial pressure and bleeding, bleeding disorders, and alcoholism.

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24
Q

What class does heparin belong in?

A

Anticoagulant

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25
Q

What is the antidote for heparin?

A

Protamine sulfate

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26
Q

What labs do you need to check for heparin?

A

PTT (partial thromboplastin time) & APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time)

27
Q

Why would they use heparin as a prophylaxis treatment?

A

For DVTs and Pulmonary embolisms.

28
Q

What does PTT and APTT test for and what is its peak time.

A

The conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. It peaks within minutes.

29
Q

What class does warfarin belong in?

A

anticoagulant.

30
Q

What is the antidote for warfarin?

A

FFP and vitamin K

31
Q

What labs is tested when taken warfarin?

A

PT and INR

32
Q

What pregnancy category does warfarin belong to?

A

X

33
Q

What is the onset for warfarin?

A

2-7 days

34
Q

Why is a consistent diet crucial when taking warfarin?

A

It helps maintain a therapeutic INR.

35
Q

What class does enoxaparin belong to?

A

Anticoagulant

36
Q

What else is enoxaparin known as?

A

Low molecular weight heparin

37
Q

Why is enoxaparin used over heparin?

A

It has fewer systemic adverse effects

38
Q

Why is enoxaparin used as an adjunct to chemo?

A

It blocks the precess that allows cancer cells to develop in new vessels.

39
Q

What does enoxaparin do?

A

it inhibits thrombus and clot formation by blocking factors Xa and Iia.

40
Q

What is the antidote for enoxaparin?

A

Potamine Sulfate

41
Q

What class does urokinase belong to?

A

Thrombolytic agent

42
Q

What are the adverse effects of urokinase?

A

HA, hypotension, bleeding, bronchospasm, pain, fever.

43
Q

What does urokinase do?

A

Converts plasminogen to plasmin to break fibrin clots

44
Q

What is urokinase used for and what is its onset time?

A

It is used for the lysis of pulmonary embolisms with an immediate onset.

45
Q

What are the adverse effects of antihemolytic factor?

A

HA, chills, hepatitis, AIDS (risks associated with use of blood products)

46
Q

What do they use anti hemolytic factor for?

A

Temporary replacement of clotting factors . To correct or prevent bleeding to allow for surgery.

47
Q

What class does epinephrine belong to?

A

Alpha and Beta adrenergic agonist

48
Q

What is epinephrine used for?

A

treatment of shock and glaucoma

49
Q

What does epinephrine prolong the effects of?

A

Regional anesthetics like lidocaine.

50
Q

What class does dopamine belong to?

A

Alpha and beta adrenergic agonist

51
Q

What are the adverse effects of dopamine?

A

tachycardia, ectopic beats, angina pain, hypotension, dyspnea, HA.

52
Q

What is dopamine used to treat?

A

Shock

53
Q

What does dopamine do?

A

Acts directly by the release of norepinephrine from the sympathetic nerve terminals. It maintains renal perfusion while stimulating sympathetic response.

54
Q

What class does morphine belong to?

A

Opioid analgesic/agonist

55
Q

What is the antidote for morphine?

A

naloxone

56
Q

What is morphine used for during surgery and what can it cause?

A

It is a pre-anesthetic and can cause respiratory depression.

57
Q

What class does naloxone belong to?

A

Opioid antagonists/ narcotic antagonist

58
Q

What does naloxone do?

A

It reverses CNS depression. Used for narcotic overdosage, complete or partial reversal of narcotic depression.

59
Q

What are adverse effects of naloxone?

A

hyperventilation, increased BP, tachycardia, elevated PTT.

60
Q

What class does acetaminophen belong in?

A

Analgesic, antipyretic

61
Q

What does acetaminophen not do?

A

It does not help with inflammation.

62
Q

What is the max does for acetaminophen?

A

4 grams per day.

63
Q

What do you need to watch for with acetaminophen?

A

Hepatotoxicity.

64
Q

What is the antidote for acetaminophen?

A

N-acetylcysteine

Pharmacology Prototypes (2 decks)

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