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Chemistry 121 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Greek for “measure elements”, involves calculations based on chemical formulas & chemical equations

A

Stoichiometry

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2
Q

Avagadro’s number

A

6.022*10^23

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3
Q

SI base unit for the amount of a substance

A

Mole

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4
Q

The molar mass in grams of a substance is numerically equal to atomic mass measured in

A

amu

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5
Q

Sum of the atomic mass of all atoms in the chemical formula

A

Formula mass

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6
Q

Sum of the atomic masses of all atoms of the molecular substance

A

Molecular mass

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7
Q

The percent composition of elements by mass is

A

The percent by mass of each element in a compound

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8
Q

How to determine limiting reagant

A

Calculate the amount of product that each reactant would produce if it reacted completely

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9
Q

Max amount of product that can be obtained from a given amount of reactants, based on the limiting reactant

A

Theoretical yield

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10
Q

How to find percent yield

A

Actual yield/theoretical yield * 100

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11
Q

Solvent vs solute

A

Solvent: substance solutes are dissolved in

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12
Q

Concentrated vs dilute solution

A

C: large amount of solute, D: small amount of solute

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13
Q

An exact measurement of the amount of solute in a given quantity of solvent or solution

A

Quantitative description

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14
Q

Molarity is what

A

Moles of solute/ solution volume (L)

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15
Q

Formula for dilution of solutions

A

Mi(Vi)=Mf(Vf)

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16
Q

T or F, pure water is a good conductor of electricity

A

F

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17
Q

Are most ionic compounds electrolytes or nonelectrolytes

A

Electrolyte

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18
Q

Are molecular compounds generally electrolytes or nonelectrolytes

A

Nonelectrolyte

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19
Q

Who discovered that electroyltic solutions are composed of dissolved ions

A

Svante Arrhenius

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20
Q

Dissolve in the solvent exclusively as dissociated ions

A

Strong electrolytes

21
Q

Partially dissociate to ions for the dissolved species

A

Weak elctrolytes

22
Q

Molecular compounds that are acids or bases are

A

Electrolytes

23
Q

Arrhenius definition for an acid

A

A substance that produces H+ ions (H30+) when dissolved in water

24
Q

Bronsted definition for an acid

A

Hydrogen ion (proton) donor

25
Q

Arrhenius definition for bases

A

A substance that produces OH- ions when dissolved in water

26
Q

Bronsted definition for bases

A

Hydrogen ion (proton) acceptor

27
Q

Name the strong acids

A

HCl, HBr, HI, HClO3, HClO4, H2SO4, HNO3

28
Q

Name the strong bases

A

Group 1A metal hydroxides, Group 2A heavy metal hydroxides

29
Q

Define a salt, which is a special type of ionic compound

A

Cation from a base, anion from an acid

30
Q

The max amount of solute that can dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temperature

A

Solubility

31
Q

Row one solubility table

A

Alkali metal ions, NH4; no exceptions

32
Q

Row two solubility table

A

NO3, C2H3O2, HCO3, ClO3, ClO4; no exceptions

33
Q

Row three solubility table

A

Cl, Br, I; exceptions are salts of Ag, Hg, and Pb

34
Q

Row four solubility table

A

SO4; exceptions are salts of Ca, Sr, Ba, Hg, Pb, Ag

35
Q

Row one insoluble table

A

CO3, PO4, SO3, S, CrO4; exceptions are salts of NH4, alkali metal ions

36
Q

Row two insoluble table

A

OH; exceptions are NH4, alkali metal ions, Ca, Sr, Ba

37
Q

Row three insoluble table

A

O; exceptions are all alkali metal ions, Ca, Sr, Ba

38
Q

Used to determine concentration of an unknown solution by using a solution of known concentration

A

Titrations

39
Q

Conversion of the elemental form of a metal to a metal compound by reaction with a substance in its environment

A

Corrosion

40
Q

Metals at the top of the activity series are

A

More easily oxidized by metals towards the bottom

41
Q

Names for metals at top & bottom of activity series

A

Top: Active, Bottom: Noble

42
Q

Any neutral metal in the table can be oxidized by cations of

A

Elements below it

43
Q

Charge an atom would have if there was a complete electron transfer

A

Oxidation number

44
Q

Oxidation number of any free element

A

O

45
Q

Oxidation number of any monatomic ion

A

Charge of ion

46
Q

Oxidation numbers of F, H, O

A

F: -1, H: +1, O: -2

47
Q

When an ion/atom in a compound is replaced by an ion/atom of another element

A

Displacement reaction

48
Q

Types of displacement reactions

A

Hydrogen, metal, halogen

49
Q

One element is both oxidized and reduced in the reaction

A

Disproportionation reaction

Chemistry 121 (5 decks)

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