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Comparative Politics > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Interest Articulation

A

How a citizen communicates what he or she wants from their government.

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2
Q

Interest Aggregation

A

The process in which people of like mindedness gain political power for political purposes.

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3
Q

What are the 7 functions needed for a political system to survive?

A

Interest articulation. Interest Aggregation. Political Communication. Rule Making. Rule Implementation Rule Adjudication. Political Socialization.

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4
Q

What are the four characteristics all political systems must have in order to function?

A

1.it must have STRUCTURES 2. There must be functions. 3. All structures must be multifunctional. 4. Must have a mixed political culture.

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5
Q

What are the four types of Interest Articulation?

A

Anomic. Non associational. Institutional. Associational.

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6
Q

Anomic Interest Articulation.

A

Spontaneaous, usually as a response/reaction to something. Common in 3rd world countries.

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7
Q

Non-Associational Interest Articulation

A

When interests are articulated INFORMALLY, via friends/family ultimately leading to a policy maker.

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8
Q

Institutional interest articulation?

A

Articulation via membership in a political party.

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9
Q

Associational interest articulation

A

Articulation via membership in INTEREST GROUPS.

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10
Q

Differing types of Political Communication

A
  1. Face to Face 2. Traditional (going to mayor or tribal leader) 3. Governmental structures (bureaucracy/voting) 4. Membership in political parties/interest groups 5. Media
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11
Q

2 types of Rule Making

A
  1. Traditional (One person ie: king/village leader) 2. Differentiated (multiple structures that make rules)
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12
Q

Types of Bureaucracies;

A
  1. Representative Bureaucracy (best and brightest based on merit). 2. State Bureaucracy (via membership of political party) 3. Military Bureaucracy (membership via military service. 4. Ruler Bureaucracy (BUREAUCRAcy ruled by king)
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13
Q

A bureaucracy composed of those who are the best and brightest and based on a merit system.

A

Representative bureaucracy

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14
Q

Rule adjudication.

A

The judicial ruling.

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15
Q

Differing types of Rule Adjudication.

A

Differentiated. (multiple levels of judicary system). Undifferentiated. (One person in charge of judicial ruling).

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16
Q

5 Capabilities of a Political System

A
  1. Extractive Capabilities. 2. Regulative. 3. Distributive. 4. Responsive. 5. Symbolic.
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17
Q

Extractive Capabilities.

A

The ability of a political system to extract resources from its citizens (taxes).

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18
Q

Regulative Capabilities.

A

The ability of a government to control various aspects of a country. (think sodie pops in the US vs the EU)

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19
Q

Distributive Capabilities.

A

The ability of a government to give back to its people.

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20
Q

Responsive capabilities.

A

The abilities of a government to respond to the requests of its citizens.

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21
Q

Symbolic Capabilities.

A

The ability of a government to impress its ideals upon its people.

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22
Q

According to Structural Functionalism, there are the 3 types of political systems:

A
  1. Primtive Political System. 2. Transitional Political System. 3. Modern Political System.
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23
Q

Features of a Primitive Poli System:

A

Few Structures. occassional functions. Few Capabilities. PAROCHIAL and localized political cultures.

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24
Q

Features of a transitional political system:

A

Medium Structures, Functions, and Capabilities with a SUBJECT political Culture.

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25
Q

Features of a Modern Political System:

A

Differentiated structures. Differentiated functions. Many capabilities. a PARTICIPANT political culture.

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26
Q

6 characteristics to Qualify as totalitarianism:

A
  1. Must have OFFICIAL IDEOLOGY. 2. ONE PARTY STATE. 3. A loyal and repressive POLICE FORCE. 4. Complete control over the MILITARY. 5. Must control all forms of COMMUNICATIONS> 6. Total control over the ECONOMY.
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27
Q

6 Key differences between Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism

A
  1. Charisma. High in Tot, low in Auth. 2. Corruptibility. Low in Tot, high in Auth. 3. Ideology. Strong in Tot, weak in Auth. 4. Legitimacy. Strong in tot, low in auth. 5. Public Interference. High in both. 6. Private life intereference. High in Tot, low in Auth.
28
Q

Dialectic (or Dialectical Materialism) / Historical Materialism.

A

Marx belief of how history and society moves from one phase to another. (note that Historical Materialism was developed through Dialectical materialism, where dialectic is more on the motion and shaping of nature and Historical is on the motion and evolution of society.)

29
Q

The CATALYST that drives history from one phase to another according to Marx.

A

Class Struggle.

30
Q

The working class within a capitalist society.

A

The Proletariat.

31
Q

Communism.

A

A system in which the working class rules society.

32
Q

A theory of motion. Feudalism-capitalism-communism

A

The Dialectic. According to marx

33
Q

A feudal system is comprised of these classes:

A

The aristocracy and the peasantry.

34
Q

A capitalist system comprised of these classes:

A

Dominant, middle, and proletariat.

35
Q

“Labor theory of value”

A

a theory that the value of a good is based on the labor it takes to produce the good. Not based on the resources or demand needed. Pure labor. Marx theory.

36
Q

“Theory of surplus value”

A

The new value created by workers in excess of their own labor cost. (When the good they create is sold at higher prices and they have to pay for it at higher prices even though they worked for it at a low price). Marx believed this is what drovwe workers to initiate class struggle. (They have to, they don’t have a choice)

37
Q

‘Law of concentration/monopoly capitalism’

A

Fewer and fewer owner, more and more workers. Shifting from mom and pops, to big businesses. This is how marx saw all xcapitalism shifting from everyone being a capitalist to only a few being a capitalist.

38
Q

The dialectic according to Lenin

A

The theory of motion from Feudalism to capitalism to socialism to communism.

39
Q

“Democratic Centralism”

A

Leninist system in which policy is picked centrally and is bound to all members.

40
Q

How a citizen communicates what he or she wants from their government.

A

Interest Articulation

41
Q

The process in which people of like mindedness gain political power for political purposes.

A

Interest Aggregation

42
Q

Spontaneaous, usually as a response/reaction to something. Common in 3rd world countries.

A

Anomic Interest Articulation.

43
Q

When interests are articulated INFORMALLY, via friends/family ultimately leading to a policy maker.

A

Non-Associational Interest Articulation

44
Q

Articulation via membership in a political party.

A

Institutional interest articulation?

45
Q

Articulation via membership in INTEREST GROUPS.

A

Associational interest articulation

46
Q

Representative bureaucracy

A

A bureaucracy composed of those who are the best and brightest and based on a merit system.

47
Q

The judicial ruling.

A

Rule adjudication.

48
Q

The ability of a political system to extract resources from its citizens (taxes).

A

Extractive Capabilities.

49
Q

The ability of a government to control various aspects of a country. (think sodie pops in the US vs the EU)

A

Regulative Capabilities.

50
Q

The ability of a government to give back to its people.

A

Distributive Capabilities.

51
Q

The abilities of a government to respond to the requests of its citizens.

A

Responsive capabilities.

52
Q

The ability of a government to impress its ideals upon its people.

A

Symbolic Capabilities.

53
Q

Few Structures. occassional functions. Few Capabilities. PAROCHIAL and localized political cultures.

A

Features of a Primitive Poli System:

54
Q

Medium Structures, Functions, and Capabilities with a SUBJECT political Culture.

A

Features of a transitional political system:

55
Q

Differentiated structures. Differentiated functions. Many capabilities. a PARTICIPANT political culture.

A

Features of a Modern Political System:

56
Q

Marx belief of how history and society moves from one phase to another. (note that Historical Materialism was developed through Dialectical materialism, where dialectic is more on the motion and shaping of nature and Historical is on the motion and evolution of society.)

A

Dialectic (or Dialectical Materialism) / Historical Materialism.

57
Q

Class Struggle.

A

The CATALYST that drives history from one phase to another according to Marx.

58
Q

The Proletariat.

A

The working class within a capitalist society.

59
Q

A system in which the working class rules society.

A

Communism.

60
Q

The Dialectic. According to marx

A

A theory of motion. Feudalism-capitalism-communism

61
Q

The aristocracy and the peasantry.

A

A feudal system is comprised of these classes:

62
Q

Dominant, middle, and proletariat.

A

A capitalist system comprised of these classes:

63
Q

a theory that the value of a good is based on the labor it takes to produce the good. Not based on the resources or demand needed. Pure labor. Marx theory.

A

“Labor theory of value”

64
Q

The new value created by workers in excess of their own labor cost. (When the good they create is sold at higher prices and they have to pay for it at higher prices even though they worked for it at a low price). Marx believed this is what drovwe workers to initiate class struggle. (They have to, they don’t have a choice)

A

“Theory of surplus value”

65
Q

Fewer and fewer owner, more and more workers. Shifting from mom and pops, to big businesses. This is how marx saw all xcapitalism shifting from everyone being a capitalist to only a few being a capitalist.

A

‘Law of concentration/monopoly capitalism’

66
Q

The theory of motion from Feudalism to capitalism to socialism to communism.

A

The dialectic according to Lenin

67
Q

Leninist system in which policy is picked centrally and is bound to all members.

A

“Democratic Centralism”

Comparative Politics (2 decks)

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