Exam 2 Flashcards
What is the term for parents who are controlling, punitive, rigid, cold, and whose word is law? Authoritative Involved Authoritarian Permissive
Authoritarian
When discussing the reliability of memories, the memory of a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is considered the most vulnerable to suggestion and therefore the least reliable. senior citizen adult school-age child preschool-age child
preschool-age child
What is the term for the perception of oneself as male or female? Sexual identity Individualistic orientation Gender schema Gender identity
Gender identity
Which preschooler is most likely to die of injuries? A boy in the suburbs A boy in the inner city A girl in a small town A girl growing up on a farm
A boy in the inner city
Meredith’s five-year-old friends at the playground run around from the rides to the slides, but Meredith’s mother told her she had to stay on the swings and not move elsewhere in the playground. When Meredith complained that the other children were allowed to play where they wanted, her mother told her to stay on the swings “because I said so.” This is an example of __________ parenting.
involved
authoritarian
permissive
authoritative
authoritarian
Isabelle lives in a household in which her parents are gone most of the time. Even when they are home, Isabelle goes to school with dirty clothes and no breakfast. What type of parents does Isabelle likely have?
Uninvolved
Permissive
Authoritarian
Authoritative
Uninvolved
What is the term for the process of concentrating on one limited aspect of a stimulus and ignoring others?
Symbolic functioning
Language acquisition
Centration
Concrete operations
Centration
What is the name of the protective insulation that surrounds parts of neurons and speeds the transmission of electrical impulses along brain cells?
Reticular formation
Corpus callosum
Myelin
Cerebellum
Myelin
Thinking that does not take into account the viewpoints of others is called __________.
conservation
centration
intuitive thought
egocentric thought
egocentric thought
Marion and her husband Bill are trying to bring up their children, a boy and a girl ages four and five respectively, in exactly the same way: encouraging their son to demonstrate both assertiveness and tenderness, and encouraging their daughter to exhibit both independence and empathy. According to the researcher Sandra Bem, these parents are encouraging their children toward __________.
gender constancy
gender schema
androgynous characteristics
gender identification
androgynous characteristics
What is the term for parents who provide lax and inconsistent feedback and require little of their children?
Authoritarian
Authoritative
Involved
Permissive
Permissive
What is the term for a person’s set of beliefs about what he or she is like as an individual?
Individualistic orientation
Self-concept
Psychosocial development
Ego
Self-concept
According to Vygotsky, what is the level at which a child cannot fully perform a task independently but can do so with the assistance of someone more competent? schema script zone of proximal development scaffolding
zone of proximal development
In the playground, Amanda calls Janey names, refuses to include her in a game of hopscotch, and makes fun of her. This is an example of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ aggression. relational emotional regulated instrumental
relational
What is the process in which certain cognitive functions are located more in one hemisphere of the brain than in the other? Cross-referencing Lateralization Hemispheric transference Transmission
Lateralization
Which developmental psychologist believed that cognitive development is a result of social interactions in which children learn through guided participation and working with mentors to solve problems? B.F. Skinner Jean Piaget John Watson Lev Vygotsky
Lev Vygotsky
In its most extreme form, __________ parenting results in neglect.
permissive
authoritative
uninvolved
uninvolved
What is the term for parents who are firm, set clear and consistent limits, and try to reason with their children, giving explanations for why they should behave in a particular way but at the same time providing love and support? Authoritarian Permissive Involved Authoritative
Authoritative
When young children are using speech that is spoken and directed to themselves, this is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. egocentric speech syntax fast mapping private speech
private speech
According to Piaget, what is the key aspect of preoperational thought?
Symbolic function
Organized, formal, logical mental processes
Increased memory for objects
Increased fine motor skill development
Symbolic function
Five-year-old Wendel is new to his kindergarten classroom. His teacher uses open, friendly questions to build rapport with him. His teacher asks him what he is good at and what he likes. Wendel responds, “I can run fast” and “I like to eat pizza.” Wendel’s responses are examples of his __________.
individualistic orientation
autonomy
self-concept
psychosocial development
self-concept
Preschoolers’ memories are often organized in a broad representation of events in the order in which they occurred, called __________.
autobiographical memory
biographical memory
scripts
schema
scripts
What type of parents show almost no interest in their children and demonstrate indifferent, rejecting behavior(s)?
Permissive
Authoritative
Authoritarian
Uninvolved
Uninvolved
What was Piaget’s explanation as to why preschool-age children in the preoperational stage make errors on tasks requiring conservation?
Their neural-visual network is not fully matured.
They have not lived long enough and accrued enough experience to know the difference between quantities.
Their tendency toward centration prevents them from focusing on other relevant features of a situation.
They have not yet developed numerical understanding; therefore, different amounts are meaningless.
Their tendency toward centration prevents them from focusing on other relevant features of a situation.
Preschool-age children do not have strict expectations and do not follow stereotypes when it comes to gender-appropriate behaviors.
True
False
False
Four-year-old Johnny is having lunch with his mother and sister. When his mother pours milk in the children's glasses, she finds there is not enough to fill both glasses, so she carefully pours half of the milk in the shorter, fatter glass in front of Johnny and half into a thin, taller glass in front of Johnny's sister. Immediately, Johnny complains that his sister got more milk than he did, and even when his mother tries to explain that they both got the same amount, Johnny insists he is right. In this example, Johnny is demonstrating a lack of development in the area of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. reversibility conservation concrete operational thought preoperational thought
conservation
The prevalence of obesity in older preschool children has decreased dramatically in the past 20 years.
True
False
False
When a young child begins to learn how to take turns in conversation, stay on topic, and give appropriate responses such as "please" and "thank you," the child is demonstrating knowledge of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. egocentric speech pragmatics social speech fast mapping
pragmatics
By the end of the preschool period, the brain structure called the __________ becomes considerably thicker, with individual fibers that help coordinate brain functioning between the two hemispheres.
cerebral cortex
frontal lobe
hypothalamus
corpus callosum
corpus callosum
