Exam 2 Flashcards
A restriction of oxygen lasting a few minutes that produces cognitive defects, such as language delays and mental retardation due to brain cell death, is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Apgar anoxia episiotomy lanugo
anoxia
In the third stage of labor, the umbilical cord and the placenta are expelled from the mother.
True
False
True
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the realization that people and objects exist even when they cannot be seen. Object permanence Circular reaction Sensorimotor stage Simple reflex
Object permanence
Which of the following is NOT a risk related to cesarean delivery?
The mother’s recovery can be lengthy.
It endangers the baby’s health because it is major surgery.
The mother has a higher risk of infection(s).
A cesarean birth deters the normal release of stress-related hormones into the newborn’s bloodstream
It endangers the baby’s health because it is major surgery.
A newborn baby scores 6 on the Apgar scale. This indicates that the baby __________.
is normal and healthy
requires help to start breathing
needs immediate, life-saving intervention
is premature
requires help to start breathing
Piaget believed that the basic building blocks of the way children understand the world are mental structures called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. assimilation accommodation schemes memory
schemes
Four-year-old Alex and his mother visited the zoo. While they were there, Alex's mother took him to see the squirrel exhibit. Alex saw many different types of squirrels, but when he saw a flying squirrel glide from one branch to the next he pointed and said, "A bird." Considering Piaget's work, Alex is demonstrating an example of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. scheme accommodation object permanence assimilation
assimilation
In the United States in the 1990s, the average hospital stay for a normal birth was _____ days, in large part because of insurance companies.
- 0
- 9
- 5
- 0
2
What is the birthing method that provides training that allows women to cope with painful contractions by concentrating on their breathing and producing relaxation response, rather than by tensing up, which can make pain more acute? Lamaze Apgar Bradley Hypnobirthing
Lamaze
Baby Billy calls his favorite blanket a "blankie." When he sees other blankets in the house, however, he does not refer to them as "blankie" because he uses that name only for his favorite blanket. This is an example of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. underextension overextension referential style holophrastic speech
underextension
In the United States, midwives are employed in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of births. 5 percent 10 percent 50 percent 75 percent
10 percent
Mary is preparing to breastfeed her infant daughter, and, in the process, the baby's cheek brushes across her mother's blouse. The baby immediately turns its head toward Mary's chest in preparation for feeding. This is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ reflex. Babinski rooting Moro startle
rooting
What is the name of the fine, dark fuzz that covers a newborn and soon disappears? Lanugo Vernix Episiotomy Apgar
Lanugo
In the United States in the 1970s, the average hospital stay for a normal birth was _____ days.
- 0
- 9
- 5
- 0
3.9
Baby Allison is in her high chair while her father prepares her dinner. Baby Allison tries to get her father's attention by saying "eat." This would be an example of a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. semantic phoneme morpheme holophrase
holophrase
Baby Sally's mother is dropping her off at preschool for the first time, and Sally's behavior changes from that of a calm, happy baby, to that of a crying, cranky youngster who will not let go of her mother. Baby Sally is likely demonstrating \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. nonverbal encoding stranger anxiety separation anxiety nonverbal decoding
separation anxiety
When a child demonstrates the kind of attachment where the mother is used as a "home base" and the child is at ease when she is present, the child gets upset when she leaves, and then the child goes to the mother as soon as she returns, this is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Bowlby safety and security pattern Ainsworth safety and security pattern secure attachment pattern strange situation pattern
secure attachment pattern
What is the term that Thomas and Chess used to describe babies who have a positive disposition, whose body functions operate regularly, and who are adaptable? Difficult babies Easy babies Slow-to-warm babies Low-intensity babies
Easy babies
Almost every time Baby Will articulates the word "da," his father picks him up with joy, smiles, and praises his son for trying to say "dad." The father's behavior reinforces Will's behavior, and this is an example of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. learning theory approach universal grammar nativist approach infant-directed speech
learning theory approach
The use of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ has contributed to a sharp increase in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. fetal monitoring; cesarean deliveries cesarean deliveries; fetal monitoring cesarean deliveries; infant mortality fetal monitoring; postmature infants
fetal monitoring; cesarean deliveries
When the critical hormone \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is released in high enough concentration by the mother's pituitary gland, the uterus begins periodic contractions. oxytocin corticotropin-releasing hormone cortisol estradiol
oxytocin
The researcher Robert Fantz discovered that __________.
newborn infants prefer to look at simple stimuli rather than complex stimuli
when given a choice of visual stimuli, newborn infants do not show a preference
newborn infants prefer to look at complex stimuli rather than simple stimuli
newborn infants are too young to concentrate on visual stimuli; therefore, it is impossible to measure their preference
newborn infants prefer to look at complex stimuli rather than simple stimuli
Breech position occurs in approximately \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ births and places the baby at risk because the umbilical cord may become compressed and deprive the baby of oxygen. 1 out of 100 1 out of 25 1 out of 10 1 out of 5
1 out of 25
What is the correct term for a newborn baby? fetus embryo neonate infant
neonate
What is the thick, greasy, cottage-cheese-like substance that covers the newborn and smoothes the passage through the birth canal? Episiotomy Apgar Lanugo Vernix
Vernix
Infants who weigh less than 2,500 grams (5½ pounds) at birth are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. low birthweight preterm small for gestational age very low birthweight
low birthweight
When uterine contractions occur around every 8 to 10 minutes and last about 30 seconds, this is considered the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ stage of labor. first second third fourth
first
A newborn baby scores under 4 on the Apgar scale. This means that the baby __________.
is normal and healthy
requires help to start breathing
needs immediate, life-saving intervention
is premature
needs immediate, life-saving intervention
Which attachment pattern describes a style of attachment in which children display a combination of positive and negative reactions to their mothers? They show great distress when the mother leaves, but upon her return they may simultaneously seek close contact but also hit and kick her.
Ambivalent attachment pattern
Avoidant attachment pattern
Secure attachment pattern
Disorganized-disoriented attachment pattern
Ambivalent attachment pattern
Five-year-old Alex and his mother visited the zoo. While they were there, Alex’s mother took him to see the squirrel exhibit. Alex saw many different types of squirrels, but when he saw a flying squirrel glide from one branch to the next he pointed and said, “A bird with a tail.” Considering Piaget’s work, Alex is demonstrating an example of __________.
scheme
accommodation
object permanence
assimilation
accommodation
A child who does not seek proximity to the mother, and, after she leaves the room, does not look distressed is exhibiting a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. avoidant attachment pattern secure attachment pattern Ainsworth Strange Situation anxious situation pattern
avoidant attachment pattern
The extent of danger faced by preterm babies largely depends upon __________.
the mother’s age
whether the baby has suffered loss of oxygen (anoxia)
the baby’s ability to regulate his/her body temperature
the baby’s birthweight
the baby’s birthweight
By the age of two, most children can use two-word sentences and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ speech where non-critical words of a sentence are left out. holophrastic telegraphic phonemic semantic
telegraphic
Information processing focuses on \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ changes in infants, while Piaget's theory focuses on \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ changes in infants. quantitative; qualitative effective; efficient qualitative; quantitative surreal; real
quantitative; qualitative
Breast milk not only contains all the nutrients necessary for growth, but it also offers some degree of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. cultural factors cognitive consequences immunity metabolism
immunity
Infantile amnesia is defined as the lack of memory for experience that occurred prior to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 6 months of age 12 months of age 3 years of age 2 years of age
3 years of age
Approximately what percent of children in the United States are born via cesarean delivery? 10 percent 25 percent 40 percent 55 percent
25 percent
The American Academy of Pediatrics and the U.S. Congress agree that women should stay in the hospital no less than \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ hours after giving birth. 24 48 72 96
48
Meredith’s baby is two weeks overdue. What is a potential hazard that the baby can experience because it is postmature?
broken limbs during birth
Insufficient blood supply from the placenta to the baby’s brain, leading to potential brain damage
Death or being stillborn
Lifelong obesity
Insufficient blood supply from the placenta to the baby’s brain, leading to potential brain damage
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ receive messages from other cells, and at their opposite end there is a long extension called a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ which carries the messages to other neurons. Neurons; dendrite Dendrites; axon Axons; synapse Synapses; neuron
Dendrites; axon
What is considered the hallmark of children who are securely attached to their mothers?
The child never cries, and is secure enough to not demand face-to-face interactions with the mother.
The mother responds to the child constantly to the point of being overly responsive.
The mother is sensitive to the child’s needs, is aware of the child’s moods, can discriminate the infant’s signals, and is responsive, warm, and affectionate.
The child has no fear of strangers and demonstrates that he/she is equally comfortable with unfamiliar adults and the mother.
The mother is sensitive to the child’s needs, is aware of the child’s moods, can discriminate the infant’s signals, and is responsive, warm, and affectionate.
