Exam 2

Question 1

A restriction of oxygen lasting a few minutes that produces cognitive defects, such as language delays and mental retardation due to brain cell death, is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Apgar
anoxia
episiotomy
lanugo

Answer 1

anoxia

Question 2

In the third stage of labor, the umbilical cord and the placenta are expelled from the mother.
True
False

Answer 2

True

Question 3

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the realization that people and objects exist even when they cannot be seen.
Object permanence
Circular reaction
Sensorimotor stage
Simple reflex

Answer 3

Object permanence

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a risk related to cesarean delivery?

The mother’s recovery can be lengthy.
It endangers the baby’s health because it is major surgery.
The mother has a higher risk of infection(s).
A cesarean birth deters the normal release of stress-related hormones into the newborn’s bloodstream

Answer 4

It endangers the baby’s health because it is major surgery.

Question 5

A newborn baby scores 6 on the Apgar scale. This indicates that the baby __________.
is normal and healthy
requires help to start breathing
needs immediate, life-saving intervention
is premature

Answer 5

requires help to start breathing

Question 6

Piaget believed that the basic building blocks of the way children understand the world are mental structures called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
assimilation
accommodation
schemes
memory

Answer 6

schemes

Question 7

Four-year-old Alex and his mother visited the zoo. While they were there, Alex's mother took him to see the squirrel exhibit. Alex saw many different types of squirrels, but when he saw a flying squirrel glide from one branch to the next he pointed and said, "A bird." Considering Piaget's work, Alex is demonstrating an example of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
scheme
accommodation
object permanence
assimilation

Answer 7

assimilation

Question 8

In the United States in the 1990s, the average hospital stay for a normal birth was _____ days, in large part because of insurance companies.

2. 0
3. 9
4. 5
5. 0

Answer 8

2

Question 9

What is the birthing method that provides training that allows women to cope with painful contractions by concentrating on their breathing and producing relaxation response, rather than by tensing up, which can make pain more acute?
Lamaze
Apgar
Bradley
Hypnobirthing

Answer 9

Lamaze

Question 10

Baby Billy calls his favorite blanket a "blankie." When he sees other blankets in the house, however, he does not refer to them as "blankie" because he uses that name only for his favorite blanket. This is an example of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
underextension
overextension
referential style
holophrastic speech

Answer 10

underextension

Question 11

In the United States, midwives are employed in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of births.
5 percent
10 percent
50 percent
75 percent

Answer 11

10 percent

Question 12

Mary is preparing to breastfeed her infant daughter, and, in the process, the baby's cheek brushes across her mother's blouse. The baby immediately turns its head toward Mary's chest in preparation for feeding. This is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ reflex.
Babinski
rooting
Moro
startle

Answer 12

rooting

Question 13

What is the name of the fine, dark fuzz that covers a newborn and soon disappears?
Lanugo
Vernix
Episiotomy
Apgar

Answer 13

Lanugo

Question 14

In the United States in the 1970s, the average hospital stay for a normal birth was _____ days.

2. 0
3. 9
4. 5
5. 0

Answer 14

3.9

Question 15

Baby Allison is in her high chair while her father prepares her dinner. Baby Allison tries to get her father's attention by saying "eat." This would be an example of a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
semantic
phoneme
morpheme
holophrase

Answer 15

holophrase

Question 16

Baby Sally's mother is dropping her off at preschool for the first time, and Sally's behavior changes from that of a calm, happy baby, to that of a crying, cranky youngster who will not let go of her mother. Baby Sally is likely demonstrating \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
nonverbal encoding
stranger anxiety
separation anxiety
nonverbal decoding

Answer 16

separation anxiety

Question 17

When a child demonstrates the kind of attachment where the mother is used as a "home base" and the child is at ease when she is present, the child gets upset when she leaves, and then the child goes to the mother as soon as she returns, this is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Bowlby safety and security pattern
Ainsworth safety and security pattern
secure attachment pattern
strange situation pattern

Answer 17

secure attachment pattern

Question 18

What is the term that Thomas and Chess used to describe babies who have a positive disposition, whose body functions operate regularly, and who are adaptable?
Difficult babies
Easy babies
Slow-to-warm babies
Low-intensity babies

Answer 18

Easy babies

Question 19

Almost every time Baby Will articulates the word "da," his father picks him up with joy, smiles, and praises his son for trying to say "dad." The father's behavior reinforces Will's behavior, and this is an example of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
learning theory approach
universal grammar
nativist approach
infant-directed speech

Answer 19

learning theory approach

Question 20

The use of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ has contributed to a sharp increase in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
fetal monitoring; cesarean deliveries
cesarean deliveries; fetal monitoring
cesarean deliveries; infant mortality
fetal monitoring; postmature infants

Answer 20

fetal monitoring; cesarean deliveries

Question 21

When the critical hormone \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is released in high enough concentration by the mother's pituitary gland, the uterus begins periodic contractions.
oxytocin
corticotropin-releasing hormone
cortisol
estradiol

Answer 21

oxytocin

Question 22

The researcher Robert Fantz discovered that __________.

newborn infants prefer to look at simple stimuli rather than complex stimuli
when given a choice of visual stimuli, newborn infants do not show a preference
newborn infants prefer to look at complex stimuli rather than simple stimuli
newborn infants are too young to concentrate on visual stimuli; therefore, it is impossible to measure their preference

Answer 22

newborn infants prefer to look at complex stimuli rather than simple stimuli

Question 23

Breech position occurs in approximately \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ births and places the baby at risk because the umbilical cord may become compressed and deprive the baby of oxygen.
1 out of 100
1 out of 25
1 out of 10
1 out of 5

Answer 23

1 out of 25

Question 24

What is the correct term for a newborn baby?
fetus
embryo
neonate
infant

Answer 24

neonate

Question 25

What is the thick, greasy, cottage-cheese-like substance that covers the newborn and smoothes the passage through the birth canal?
Episiotomy
Apgar
Lanugo
Vernix

Answer 25

Vernix

Question 26

Infants who weigh less than 2,500 grams (5½ pounds) at birth are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
low birthweight
preterm
small for gestational age
very low birthweight

Answer 26

low birthweight

Question 27

When uterine contractions occur around every 8 to 10 minutes and last about 30 seconds, this is considered the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ stage of labor.
first
second
third
fourth

Answer 27

first

Question 28

A newborn baby scores under 4 on the Apgar scale. This means that the baby __________.
is normal and healthy
requires help to start breathing
needs immediate, life-saving intervention
is premature

Answer 28

needs immediate, life-saving intervention

Question 29

Which attachment pattern describes a style of attachment in which children display a combination of positive and negative reactions to their mothers? They show great distress when the mother leaves, but upon her return they may simultaneously seek close contact but also hit and kick her.

Ambivalent attachment pattern
Avoidant attachment pattern
Secure attachment pattern
Disorganized-disoriented attachment pattern

Answer 29

Ambivalent attachment pattern

Question 30

Five-year-old Alex and his mother visited the zoo. While they were there, Alex’s mother took him to see the squirrel exhibit. Alex saw many different types of squirrels, but when he saw a flying squirrel glide from one branch to the next he pointed and said, “A bird with a tail.” Considering Piaget’s work, Alex is demonstrating an example of __________.

scheme
accommodation
object permanence
assimilation

Answer 30

accommodation

Question 31

A child who does not seek proximity to the mother, and, after she leaves the room, does not look distressed is exhibiting a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
avoidant attachment pattern
secure attachment pattern
Ainsworth Strange Situation
anxious situation pattern

Answer 31

avoidant attachment pattern

Question 32

The extent of danger faced by preterm babies largely depends upon __________.
the mother’s age
whether the baby has suffered loss of oxygen (anoxia)
the baby’s ability to regulate his/her body temperature
the baby’s birthweight

Answer 32

the baby’s birthweight

Question 33

By the age of two, most children can use two-word sentences and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ speech where non-critical words of a sentence are left out.
holophrastic
telegraphic
phonemic
semantic

Answer 33

telegraphic

Question 34

Information processing focuses on \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ changes in infants, while Piaget's theory focuses on \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ changes in infants.
quantitative; qualitative
effective; efficient
qualitative; quantitative
surreal; real

Answer 34

quantitative; qualitative

Question 35

Breast milk not only contains all the nutrients necessary for growth, but it also offers some degree of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
cultural factors
cognitive consequences
immunity
metabolism

Answer 35

immunity

Question 36

Infantile amnesia is defined as the lack of memory for experience that occurred prior to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
6 months of age
12 months of age
3 years of age
2 years of age

Answer 36

3 years of age

Question 37

Approximately what percent of children in the United States are born via cesarean delivery?
10 percent
25 percent
40 percent
55 percent

Answer 37

25 percent

Question 38

The American Academy of Pediatrics and the U.S. Congress agree that women should stay in the hospital no less than \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ hours after giving birth.
24
48
72
96

Answer 38

48

Question 39

Meredith’s baby is two weeks overdue. What is a potential hazard that the baby can experience because it is postmature?
broken limbs during birth
Insufficient blood supply from the placenta to the baby’s brain, leading to potential brain damage
Death or being stillborn
Lifelong obesity

Answer 39

Insufficient blood supply from the placenta to the baby’s brain, leading to potential brain damage

Question 40

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ receive messages from other cells, and at their opposite end there is a long extension called a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ which carries the messages to other neurons.
Neurons; dendrite
Dendrites; axon
Axons; synapse
Synapses; neuron

Answer 40

Dendrites; axon

Question 41

What is considered the hallmark of children who are securely attached to their mothers?

The child never cries, and is secure enough to not demand face-to-face interactions with the mother.
The mother responds to the child constantly to the point of being overly responsive.
The mother is sensitive to the child’s needs, is aware of the child’s moods, can discriminate the infant’s signals, and is responsive, warm, and affectionate.
The child has no fear of strangers and demonstrates that he/she is equally comfortable with unfamiliar adults and the mother.

Answer 41

The mother is sensitive to the child’s needs, is aware of the child’s moods, can discriminate the infant’s signals, and is responsive, warm, and affectionate.