Exam 2 Flashcards
Bacteria in Enterobacteria family
SEKSY PECS:
Salmonella, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Shigella, Yersenia, Proteus, Entero, Citro, Serratia
Main Characteristics of Enterobacteriae
Gram negative
FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE
Oxidase -
Rod/coccobacilli shape
E. Coli characteristics
Gram -
oxidase -
Lactose +
Motile Rods
Cell Associated virulence factors of e. coli
Endotoxin
Fimbrial adhesins
Non-Fimbrial adhesins
Capsule
Extra-Cellular virulence factors of e. coli
Enterotoxins
Cytotoxins
Siderophores
ENTERIC pathotypes of e. coli (5 acronyms)
ETEC VTEC EHEC EPEC RPEC
Extra-Intestinal Pathotypes of e. coli (4 acronyms)
APEC
NTEC (Cattle)
Mastitis-causing (cattle)
MMA
PIG e. coli FACTORS
ETEC, EPEC
VTEC
MMA, UTI (cull sow)
CATTLE e. coli FACTORS
ETEC, EPEC
EHEC
Mastitis & Septicemia
DOG/CAT e. coli FACTORS
cats –> rarely infected
dogs –> UTI
Bacterial Dt in piglets (etiologies)
ETEC, EPEC, Salmonella
&others not covered in this section
ETEC in Swine:
1) Ages & Adhesion Factors
2) CS
3) Toxins
1) Neonatal : F5, 6, 41
2-4 wk: F4, LT, East1
Wean: F4, 18, LT, East 1
2) Watery Diarrhea
3) All enterotoxins (STA, STB, LT, East1)ETEC in pigs uses which non-fimbrial adhesin (important for vaccines!)
AIDA-1
Symptoms of ETEC in pigs
Smelly, watery diarrhea
Pigs remain drinking
Dehydration
Diarrhea in older animals: white-grey, less watery
Dx of ETEC in pigs
Agglutination test and PCR
Tx of ETEC in pigs
Hydration & Antimicrobials
VTEC in pigs
Edema disease (F18)
Symptoms appear 3 wk post-weaning
Triggered by stress
Edema Disease affects (organs/systems)
Throat, eyelid, lungs, brain
+/- Dt & acute death
Transmission of VTEC
Sow –> piglets (will affect more than 1 in litter)
Dx of VTEC
Clinical Signs, Culture from fecal, PCR
Tx of VTEC
Affected animals: fasting, antimicrobials
Unaffected: antimicrobials
True/False: Breeding pigs without F18 receptor can help control VTEC
True: Breeding pigs without F18 receptor can help control VTEC
UTI in pigs (symptoms and tx)
Anorexia, hematuria, vaginal exudate, general malaise, hunched back
Tx: Cull sow, hard to treat with antimicrobials
Bovine ETEC:
1) AGE
2) Factors
3) CS
4) Toxins
1) <3 days
2) F5, 41, 17 & CS31A
3) Watery Diarrhea/ Dehydration
4) STA & STB
EPEC/EHEC Bovine:
1) Age
2) Factors
3) CS
1) 1-8 wk
2) EPEC: EAE; EHEC: EAE & VT
3) Mucoid diarrhea +/- blood
Septicemia Bovine:
1) Age
2) Factors
3) CS
4) Toxins
1) Neonates (no colostrum, umbilical cord/PO transmission)
2) ExPEC
3) Systemic Effects
4) CNF1 & CNF2
Bovine Salmonella (2)
S. typhimurium & S. dublin
Swine salmonella (2)
S. typhimurium (&host specific) & S. cholerasius (typhoid)
Horses/K9/Feline Salmonella
Non-Host Specific
Poultry Salmonella (4)
pullorum
gallinarum (typhoid)
enteriditis (zoonotic)
typhimurium (paratyphoid)
Is Klebsiella pneumoniae opportunistic or obligate pathogen?
Opportunistic Pathogen
Klebsiella pneumoniae is resistant to which abx
B-lactam (amox)
Tx: with Clavamox!
Klebsiella CS (Equine)
Metritis, vaginitis, infertility, abortion, umbilical infections
Klesiella CS (K9/Fel)
Pyometra & cystitis
Klebsiella CS (bovine)
mastitis
Klebsiella CS (primates)
Respiratory infections
Yersenia Pestis
Host, Season/Location, CS, Trans
Cats –> Bubonic, pneumonic, septicemic plagues
Warm months: SW USA
Fever, Respiratory Dz, Lymphadenitis
Trans: Flea/Air/Oral
Yersenia pseudotuberculosis
Birds –> fatty liver Dz/Rodentiosis
Peyers Patches
Endotoxin/adhesins in GI/Septicemia
Yersenia enterocolitica
Domestic animals: ileitis & gastroenteritis
Proteus
Swarming Bacteria
Otitis and Cystitis in dogs
Otitis in Dogs
Primary Bacteria
Secondary Bacteria
1’ –> Staph & Yeast (malassezia)
2’ –> Proteus & Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas CS
1) Sheep
2) K9/Fel/Rabbit
3) Hamster/G. Pig
4) Horse
5) Cow
1) Sheep: Fleece rot
2) K9/Fel/Rabbit: Dermatitis
3) Hamster: Septicemia/Pneumonia
4) Horses: Keratitis & Metritis/Vaginitis
5) Cow: Mastitis
Burkholderia mallei
Species, Clinical Signs, Lesions, Location, Test
- **Reportable & Zoonotic
- Equine: Glanders
- Orchitis, respiratory dz, skin abscess, lymphadenitis, fever, nasal discharge
- Lesions: Nodular –> granulomatous
- Asia and South America
- *CFT TEST
Burkholderia pseudomallei
- *Reportable
- Meliodosis: wide host (sheep/goat)
- Pseudoglanders: equine
- Pyogranulomatous infections
Francisella tularensis
**Reportable and Zoonotic Contagious! -Reservoir: Lagomorphs and rodents -Intracellular Survival (Fac IC) -Systemic Multi-organ failure -North America
Taylorella Equigenitalis
Equine CEM (STD)
- Acute supparative, sterility, abortions
- Self limiting & carriers
- Sampling is important!!
Brucella (general)
**ZOONOTIC (Milk/Contact) & Reportable! STD OBLIGATE PATHOGEN SURVEILLANCE: NO TREATMENT Repro system and joints
Brucella abortus
Cows
Repro/Mastitis
Thick peptidoglycan (LPS), no capsule or flagella
Dx: Slow Agglutination, then ELISA, then Skin Test!!
Brucella Suis
Pigs Biovars (different reservoirs)
Brucella melitesis/ovis
Small ruminants
Similar to abortus (cows)
Brucella Canis
Dogs,
No O-antigen
Sometimes asymptomatic
Coliform Bacteria (3)
E. coli
Klebsiella
Enterobacteriae
Benefits of Enterobacteriae
Microbial antagonism
Food breakdown
Waste processing
Vitamin K production
Opportunistic Pathogens
Proteus
Enterobacteriae
Citro
Klebsiella
Salmonella Phases
SPI 1: Intestinal (non-host specific)
SPI 2: Systemic (host specific/adapted)
Is APEC endogenic, exogenic, or both?
Endogenic
