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Dental Materials 1st Exam > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the types of restoration to consider when selecting a digital impression system

A 
Silica based ceramic
Zirconia 
Resin ceramic 
Metal 
Provisional 
Wax pattern
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2
Q

What is the range of cost for a digital impression system?

A

10,000 - 125,000

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3
Q

What are some other things to consider when selecting a digital impression system?

A

In-office milling or milling center

Powder required?

Ortho and implant integration available?

Special features

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4
Q

Name four in -office scanning and in-office milling systems

A

CEREC (dentsply/sironia)
Apollo DI
Blue cam
Omnicam

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5
Q

Approximately what percent of dentists own a fully scanning system with an in office mill?

A

25%

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6
Q

What percent of dentists do not own any sort of scanning or milling system?

A

65%

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7
Q

Name the six steps of in-office CAD/CAM. Identify which parts are typically responsible of the dentist and which parts are responsible of the assistant.

A

Prepare tooth (and soft tissue) - dentist

Scan - dentist
Design - assistant 
Mill - assistant 
Polish (stain and glaze) - assistant 
Seat - dentist
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8
Q

Name the four training requirements for intra-oral scanning in-office.

A

Initial scanning and “hole filling”

Initial design if available (margin marking)

Lab script completion

File transfer to laboratory

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9
Q

Name the four desktop scanning in-office initial requirements

A

Workstation dedicated to software (desktop or laptop)

WiFi or LAN network - shield capable to send files

Proper network specs to maintain speed of file transfer and storage of files

Steady counter/cabinet to hold weight of scanner

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10
Q

In regards to infection control, what products make disinfection of wands and keyboards effective?(6)

A

Plan scan-smart tips: autoclavable covers

ITero and Element: disposable covers ($2.8 each)

CS 3500: autoclavable covers
Straumann cares/DWIOS: Disinfection with wipes

Tru Def-reportedly immersable in disinfectant

CEREC-Dry Heat or disinfection with wipe

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11
Q

What are the best two mills?

A

PlanMill 40 (planmeca)

CEREC MCXL (DENTSPLY/sirona)

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12
Q

Name two other in-office mills that are available, but are limited in the material that they can mill

A

TS-150 (glidewell)

Carestream CS3000

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13
Q

Name the 8 initial requirements for having an in-office mill

A 
Desktop/Laptop
WiFi or LAN networks
Proper network/memory 
Counter to bare weight of mill
Compressed air connection 
Water connection 
Distilled water
Lubricant specific to mill
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14
Q

Name the 6 use and maintenance requirements for an in-office mill

A 
Software updates applied
Bur life and changes
Chuck maintenance 
Filter changes for compressor
Cleaning spindle and unit
Lubricant specific to mill
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15
Q

Name the 5 training requirements for an in-office mill

A

Operation and maintenance of mill and furnace

File acquisition and initial design (margin marking)

Restoration design

Material selection and milling

Firing, staining, and glazing

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16
Q

What are four things you should do when maintain and troubleshooting a problem with a mill when something doesn’t scan or mill as expected?

A

Call help lines
Dial-in support
Review maintenance
Check network issues

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17
Q

What four materials can the CEREC mill?

A

Resin ceramic
Feldspathic porcelain
Leucite-reinforced
Lithium disilicate

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18
Q

True or false… zirconia can be milled by CEREC and Planmill

A

False. Neither can mill zirconia

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19
Q

Planmill can mill every material CEREC can besides what material?

A

Feldspathic porcelain

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20
Q

What are the three types of scanning you can perform in a dental office?

A

Impression

Model

Digital scan (intraoral)

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21
Q

If you send an impression to a lab, what things will the lab do?

A

Pour model, then scan model

Or….

Scan impression

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22
Q

Name a SLA (3d) printer used in a dental office

A

ProJet 1200 (whip mix)

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23
Q

Name two chair side oral scanners - digital transfer to milling/printing center

A

Lava chair side oral scanner

iTero Imaging system (align technology inc.)

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24
Q

What does CAD/CAM stand for?

A

Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing

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25
Q

What is CNC?

A

Computer numerical control

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26
Q

What two CAD/CAM systems dont involve an in-office mill and instead require a laboratory?

A

Itero

Lava chairside oral scanner

27
Q

What two CAD/CAM systems involve an in-office mill (with still an option to mill by dental technicians)?

A

CERAC AC

E4D Dentist

28
Q

True or false… new ceramics are now preshaded and layered

A

True

29
Q

What type of zirconia is formed in the sintering process?

A

Monoclinic or tetragonal. …stopping short of cubic

30
Q

What types of material can be milled with CAD/CAM systems?

A

Composites
Feldspathic porcelain
Leucite reinforced ceramic

Lithium disilicate ceramic
Zirconia

31
Q

Why is it necessary to dust the preparation with titanium dioxide powders for some CAD/CAM systems?

A

They use video or static imaging methods that provide the best images when the preparation is void of specular reflection. The powder provides surfaces that are uniform in color and reflectance

32
Q

Is the long term survival rate of CAD/CAM fabricated restorations similar to restorations fabricated by traditional methods?

A

Yes. 5 year survival rates of 92-95%

33
Q

Are lava cos better at occlusion points than elastomeric impressions? What about mesial contacts, fit, clinical acceptance, and patient preference?

A

Yes to all

34
Q

What are the three factors in selecting CAD/CAM ceramics? What is the strength range for materials Available for cadcam?

A

Strength (120-1200)
Esthetics
Patient factors

35
Q

List the following from lowest to greatest translucency

Lithium disilicate
Resin ceramic
Zirconia

A

Zirconia
Lithium disilicate
Resin ceramic

36
Q

What are the two objectives of cementation or luting?

A

Help maintain restoration in place

Maintain integrity of remaining tooth structure

37
Q

Retention of the restoration is achieved by…

A 
Friction 
Adhesive joint 
Cement 
Restoration 
Both mechanisms
38
Q

An effective interfacial seal depends on the ability of the cement to _____ between the tooth and the restoration and resist the ______ short term and long term

A

Fill the irregularities

Oral environment

39
Q

Strong bone between the outing and dental substrates is important because _____

A

It can prevent infiltration of bacteria and fluids that can cause caries and sensitivity to the patient

40
Q

What are the two classifications of luting agents according to the length of time that they are expected to stay in function?

A

Provisional: low strength and easy handling, no irritate pulp.

Definitive: remain in function for the longest time possible.

41
Q

Give 3 example of a provisional luting agent

A

Zinc oxide
Non-eugenol cements
Calcium hydroxide pastes

42
Q

What are the two types of Luting agents according to setting? Give examples

A

Acid based reaction: GI, RMG, zinc-oxide eugenol, zinc polycarboxylate, and zinc phosphate

Polymerization: resin cement, composers, and self-adhesive cements

43
Q

Name four materials that can have a chemical interaction with hydroxyapatite

A

Zinc polycarboxylate
GI
RMG
Self-adhesive resin cements

44
Q

About what percentage of all restorations placed in general dental practice are done to replace defective or failed restoration?

A

50%

45
Q

What are the three reasons that restorations are replaced?

A

Clinician factors
Material properties
Patient factors

46
Q

What is the dentin called that surrounds the dentin tubule?

A

Peritubular dentin

47
Q

Describe the composition of dentin

A

50% mineralized apatite crystals

20% water

30% organic matrix (collagen)

48
Q

True or false… the diameter and number of dentin tubules increase near the enamel

A

False.. it increases near the pulp

49
Q

Name three characteristics of sclerotic and caries-affected dentin

A

Hypermineralized
Tubules occluded with CaPO4 crystals

Acid-resistant

50
Q

What may happen to the collagen fibers in over-dried dentin?

A

They may collapse

51
Q

What may occur to dentin due to the overwet phenomenon?

A

Water forms a “blister” over the dentin and prevents proper interaction with the primer (acid)

52
Q

How thick is the smear layer of dentin?

A

0.5 - 2.0 micrometers thick

53
Q

What is the smear layer composed of? Can it be directly removed by rinsing?

A

Bacteria
Saliva
Blood cells
Denatured collagen

No, it cannot be removed by rinsing

54
Q

Define hybrid

A

“A thing made by combining two different elements; a mixture”

55
Q

Describe the hybrid layer found in dental hard tissues

A

Due to demineralization of the surface and subsurface, followed by the infiltration of monomers and subsequent polymerization

56
Q

Describe the composition of a primer used in dentin adhesion?

A

Hydrophilic monomer (HEMA)

Water-soluble solvent (water, acetone, ethanol)

(Note that hema becomes hydrophobic when it dries to allow bonding with the adhesive

57
Q

Describe the composition of an adhesive used in dentin adhesion

A

Unfilled or lightly filled resin (Bis-GMA)

58
Q

Describe the fourth generation adhesive strategy

A

Uses enchant to remove smear layer

Uses primer

Uses adhesive

59
Q

Describe the fifth generation of adhesion

A

Uses etchant to remove smear layer

Uses a combined primer and adhesive resin

60
Q

Describe the 6th generation of adhesion?

A

Uses a self-etching primer that dissolves the smear layer

Uses a separate adhesive

61
Q

Which is more predictable, fourth or fifth generation? Why?

A

Fourth

The fifth generation is more susceptible to differences in wetness

62
Q

What are some features of self-etching adhesives?

A 
Significant difference in technique 
User friendly (no more etching)

Acidic monomer dissolves smear layer and primes dentin simultaneously

One step or two step systems

63
Q

True or false… self-etching adhesives result in higher bond strengths in deep dentin in comparison to 5th and fourth generation adhesives

A

True

64
Q

Does self-etching adhesives bond best to cut enamel or uncut enamel?

A

Cut enamel

Dental Materials 1st Exam (2 decks)

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