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Dental Materials 1st Exam > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name two remineralizing agents.

A

Casein phosphopeptide

Amorphous calcium phosphate

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2
Q

Are adhesives considered direct or indirect restorative materials?

A

Indirect

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3
Q

What is a definitive restoration?

A

The final, long-term treatment

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4
Q

What are four tissue engineering strategies?

A

Injection of cells

Guided tissue regeneration

Cell induction

Scaffolds

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5
Q

Explain guided tissue regeneration

A

A surgical procedure for regenerating tissue by enhancing the opportunity for one cell type to proliferate

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6
Q

Describe cell induction

A

Providing growth factors and developmental proteins to the site of interest to induce the progenitor cells to differentiate into the desired tissue

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7
Q

Explain scaffolds in regards to tissue engineering.

A

Scaffolds promote new tissue formation by providing a surface and void volume that encourages migration and proliferation of the desired cell types

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8
Q

By weight, mature enamel is composed of ___ inorganic material, ___ organic material, ___ water.

A

96%
1%
3%

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9
Q

What shape are enamel crystals? How long can they be? How are they packed?

A

Long hexagonal crystals

May span entire enamel thickness

Packed into enamel rods or prisms

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10
Q

Individual enamel crystals are coated with ____ which plays a role in ____, this appears to increase enamel ____

A

Lipid/protein

Mineralization

Toughness

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11
Q

What is the difference between type1,2,and 3 enamel etching?

A

Type 1: prism core is etched

Type 2: prism periphery is etched

Type 3: mixed pattern of both

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12
Q

Near the DEJ, the enamel is more or less difficult to etch? Why?

A

It is more difficult to etch because the enamel is aprismatic

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13
Q

HA in enamel and dentin is ___ deficient and ____ rich.

A

Calcium deficient

Carbonate rich

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14
Q

Odontoblasts differentiate from the ___ cells of the dental papilla

A

Outer

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15
Q

Pulp develops from the ___ central cells of the dental papilla

A

Central

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16
Q

What structure was the precursor to the DEJ in development?

A

Basement membrane

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17
Q

Why are dentin tubules more dense towards the pulp?

A

Odontoblasts start at the DEJ but migrate inwards. This is why you find odontoblasts lining the pulp chamber

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18
Q

Dentin is composed of ___ HA, ___ organic material, ___ fluid.

A

50%

30%

20%

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19
Q

Which contains more organic compounds in dentin… Intratubular or intertubular dentin?

A

Intertubular dentin contains more organic compounds

20
Q

As dentin is etched which is preferentially removed, the intertubular dentin or the intratubular dentin? Why?

A

Intratubular dentin is more easily removed because it has less organic components

21
Q

Is scalloping of the DEJ more prominent in the anterior or posterior teeth? Why?

A

Posterior teeth because it is most prominent where it is subject to more functional stresses

22
Q

What is the difference between adhesive wear, corrosive wear, surface fatigue wear, and abrasive wear?

A

Adhesive wear: disruption of micro junctions

Corrosive wear: physical removal of protective layer due to chemicals

Surface fatigue wear: free particles contribute to high localized stress and produce surface cracks

Abrasive wear: involves a harder material rubbing against a softer material

23
Q

What is wetting power?

A

The tendency of a liquid to spread on the surface of a material

24
Q

What is the index of refraction?

A

The ratio of the velocity of light in air to its velocity in the medium. Light actually changes velocity when it changes its medium!

25
Q

What is the coefficient of thermal expansion?

A

The change in length per unit length of a material for a 1 degree change in temperature

26
Q

What is electromotive force?

A

The voltage developed by any source of electrical energy

27
Q

Explain galvanism

A

Results from difference in electrical potential between dissimilar fillings in opposing or adjacent teeth. Can cause pain and/or corrosion

28
Q

What is pycnometry?

A

A technique used to determine the density of a material

29
Q

What is rheology?

A

The study of deformation and flow of a material

30
Q

Name 3 features that direct in-vitro testing can test

A

Cystotoxicity/proliferation

Functionality (do they still make the same proteins and stuff?)

Mutagenesis (do cells change core genetic functions

31
Q

What is indirect in-vitro testing?

A

Cells placed on opposite sides of a relevant barrier of a material

32
Q

Is zinc oxide cytotoxic? Is it disruptive in usage tests?

A

Yes it is cytotoxic, but it is not disruptive in usage tests because it doesn’t penetrate dentin very well

33
Q

What can occur if the material is not bound to dentin strong enough?

A

Microleakage. This can lead to pulpal irritation, which can also lead to the reestablishment of caries.

34
Q

Does the removal of the smear layer increase or decrease the potential for micro leakage?

A

Increase

35
Q

MMPs are ___ dependent ____. That degrade the ___ (mostly ____)

A

Zinc
Proteases
ECM
Collagen 1

36
Q

What is one reason why amalgams last longer than resin?

A

Resin forms a hybrid layer with dentin that is susceptible to attack by MMPs

37
Q

How do bacteria stimulate MMPs?

A

Bacteria create acidic conditions which activate host MMPs and can interfere with the function of TIMPs

38
Q

Where do MMPs come from?

A

They are produced by many cell types (fibroblasts, odontoblasts, osteoclasts, macrophages, neutrophils)

Generally associated with inflammation.

Also secreted in saliva

39
Q

Which is worse… An amalgam with lots of copper or lots of mercury?

A

In Vivo and usage tests show that high copper amounts are cytotoxic. (So is Mercury, but less so)

40
Q

What role does polyacrylic acid play in regards to glass ionomers?

A

They can be used as cement, lining material, base, and restorative material

41
Q

Calcium hydroxide is frequently used as a lining material. It is cytotoxic. Is it better or worse when combined with resin?

A

Calcium hydroxide is less cytotoxic when combined with resin

42
Q

What element is used in cements for lining and restorations?

A

Zinc

43
Q

Which is more cytotoxic… Zinc phosphate or zinc polyacrylate?

A

Zinc phosphate is more cytotoxic. But a thick dentin wall can reduce its effect of cytotoxicity

44
Q

true or false, ZOE (a zinc based cement) has anesthetic properties?

A

True

45
Q

What is mineralized trioxide aggregate?

Cytotoxicity?

A

It is a non-resin cement. (Portland cement (modified))

Not cytotoxic! Actually increases cell proliferation and synthesis of matrix specific proteins.

46
Q

Resin composites are highly cytotoxic to what cell in particular?

A

Fibroblasts

47
Q

What are some things that cause resorption of bio materials?

A

Combo of physiological conditions, phagocytosis, and digestion of cell products

Dental Materials 1st Exam (2 decks)

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