Exam 2 Flashcards
Sexuality
dimension of personality shaped by biological, psychological, and cultural forces and concerning all aspects of sexual behavior.
prepuce
foreskin of the clitoris or penis
Cowper’s gland
a small organ that produces pre-ejaculatory fluid in the male reproductive system
progestagens
a class of female sex hormones, produced by the ovaries, that sustain reproductive functions
adrenal glands
endocrine glands, located over the kidneys that produce sex horomones
menarche
the first menstrual period
menses
portion of the menstrual cycle characterized by menstrual flow
corpus luteum
the part of the ovarian follice left after ovulation, secretes estrogen and progesterone during the second half of the menstrual cycle
dysmenoorhea
painful or problematic menustration
premenstrual syndrome
disorder characterized by physical discomfort, pychological distress, and behavioral chnages that begin after ovulation and cease when menustration begins
premenstrual dysphoric disorder
severe form of PMS characterized by symptoms serious enough to interfere with daily activities and relationships
sexual dysfunction
a disturbance in sexual desire, performance, or satisfaction
fellatio
oral stimulation of the penis
assisted reproductive technology (ART)
advanced medical techniques used to treat infertility
sonogram
visual image of the fetus produced by ultrasound
chorionic villi sampling
surgical removal of a tiny section of chrionic villi to be analyzed for genetic defects
amniocentesis
process where amniotic fluid is removed and analyzed to detect possible birth defects
Rh factor
a protein found in blood, Rh incompatibility between a mother and fetus could jeopordize the fetus’s health
teratogen
an agent or influence that can cause physical defects in a developing fetus
congenital malformation
physical defect existing at the time of birth, either inherited or caused during gestation
fetal alcohol syndrome
combination of birth defects caused by alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy
ectopic pregnancy
pregnancy, in which the embryo develops outside of the uterus, usually in an oviduct
preeclampsia
condition of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure and protein in urine
eclampsia
severe, potentially life-threatening form of preeclampsia characterized by seizures
placenta previa
placenta covers the cervical opening, preventing the mother form delivering the baby vaginally (complication of pregnancy)
placental abruption
premature separation of placenta from uterine wall (complication)
gestatoinal diabetes (GDM)
form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy
premature
born before 37th week of pregnancy
low birth weight
weighing less than 5.5 pounds at birth
infant mortality
death of a child less than 1 year of age
transition
last part of the first stage of labor, during which the cervix becomes fully dialated
apgar score
formalized system for assessing a newborn’s need for medical assistance
postpartum period
the period of about three month after delivering a baby
colostrum
yellowish fluid secreted by the mammary glands around the time of childbirth until milk comes in, about the 3rd day
Conception
fusion of ovum and sperm, resulting in fertilization
pap test
scraping of cells from the cervix for examination under a microscope
diaphragm
contraceptive device consisting of a dome shape cup that covers the cervix and prevents sperm from entering the uterus
FemCap
small, flexible cup that fits over the cervix, used with spermicide
contraceptive sponge
device that is 2 inches in diameter that fits over the cervix and acts as a barrier, spermicide, and seminal fluid absorbant
laparoscopy
examining the internal organ by inserting a tube containing a small light through abdominal incision
suction curettage
removal of the embryo by means of suction
dilation and evacuation (D&E)
the method of abortion most commonly used between 13 and 24 weeks pregnancy
intact dilation and extraction
rarely used method of late-term abortion, where fetus is removed from the uterus
drug
any chemical other than food that is intended to affect the structure or function of the body
psychoactive drug
a drug that can alter a person’s consciousness or experience
intoxication
the state of being mentally affected by a chemical
addiction
a chronic disease that disrupts that brain’s system of motivation and reward, characterized by a compulsive desire and increasing need for a substance or behavior, and by harm to the individual/soceity
physical dependence
the result of physiological adaption that occurs in response to the frequent presence of a drug; typically associated with tolerance and withdrawal
substance dependence
a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms that occur in someone who continues to use a substance despite suffering significant substance related problems, leading to significant impairment or distess
pharmacological properties
the overall effects of a drug on a person’s behavior, psychology, and chemistry
dose-response function
the relationship between the amount of a drug taken and the intensity and type of resulting effect
time-action function
the relationship between the time elapsed since a drug was taken and the intensity of its effect
opioid
any of the several natural or synthetic drugs that relieve pain and cause drowsiness and or euphoria (narcotic)
depressant
a drug that decreases nervous or muscular activity (sedative hypnotic)
tranquilizer
a depressant of the CNS that reduces tension and anxiety
state dependence
a situation in which information learned in a drug induced state is difficult to recall when the effect of the drug wears off
depersonalization
state in which a person loses the sense of his or her own reality or perceives his or her own body as unreal
synesthesia
condition in which a stimulus evokes not only the sensation appropriate to it but also another sensation of a different character, such as when a color evokes a specific smell
flashback
a perceptual distortion or bizarre thought that recurs after the chemical effects of a drug have worn off
codependency
a relationship in which a non-substance abusing partner or family member is controlled by the abuser’s behavior; codependent people frequently engaging in enabling behaviors
one drink
the amount of a beverage that typically contains about .06 ounce of alcohol
cardiac myopathy
weakening of the heart muscle through disease
alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND)
cognitive and behavioral problems seen in people whose mothers drank alcohol during pregnancy
alcohol abuse
the use of alcohol to a degree that causes physical damage, impairs functioning, or results in behavior harmful to others
alcohol dependence or alcoholism
a pathological use of alcohol or impairment in functioning due to alcohol, characterized by tolerance and withdrawal symptoms
binge drinking
5> drinks within 2 hours-men
4> drinks withing 2 hours -women
delirum tremens (the DT’s)
a state of confusion brought on by the reduction of alcohol intake in an alcohol dependent person, other symptoms are sweating, trembling, anxiety, hallucinations, and seizures
carcinogen
any substance that causes cancer
cocarcinogen
a substance that works with a carcinogen to cause cancer
sidestream smoke
the uninhaled smoke from a burning cigarrette
cerebral cortex
the outer layer of the brain, which controls complex behavior and mental activity
atherosclerosis
CVD causes by the deposit of fatty substances (plaque) in the walls of the arteries
angina pectoris
chest pain due to coronary heart disease
myocardial infection
a heart attack caused by the complete blockage of a main coronary artery
emphysema
a disease characterized by a loss of lung tissue elasticity and breakup of the air sacs, imparing the lungs’ ability to obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
chronic bronchitis
recurrent, persistant inflammation of the bronchial tubes
enviornmental tabacco smoke(ETS)
smoke that enters the atmosphere from the burning end of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe as well as smoke that is exhaled by smokers (second hand smoke)
mainstream smoke
smoke that is inhaled by a smoker and then exhaled into the atmosphere
