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Human Health and Disease > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Sexuality

A

dimension of personality shaped by biological, psychological, and cultural forces and concerning all aspects of sexual behavior.

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2
Q

prepuce

A

foreskin of the clitoris or penis

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3
Q

Cowper’s gland

A

a small organ that produces pre-ejaculatory fluid in the male reproductive system

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4
Q

progestagens

A

a class of female sex hormones, produced by the ovaries, that sustain reproductive functions

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5
Q

adrenal glands

A

endocrine glands, located over the kidneys that produce sex horomones

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6
Q

menarche

A

the first menstrual period

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7
Q

menses

A

portion of the menstrual cycle characterized by menstrual flow

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8
Q

corpus luteum

A

the part of the ovarian follice left after ovulation, secretes estrogen and progesterone during the second half of the menstrual cycle

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9
Q

dysmenoorhea

A

painful or problematic menustration

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10
Q

premenstrual syndrome

A

disorder characterized by physical discomfort, pychological distress, and behavioral chnages that begin after ovulation and cease when menustration begins

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11
Q

premenstrual dysphoric disorder

A

severe form of PMS characterized by symptoms serious enough to interfere with daily activities and relationships

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12
Q

sexual dysfunction

A

a disturbance in sexual desire, performance, or satisfaction

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13
Q

fellatio

A

oral stimulation of the penis

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14
Q

assisted reproductive technology (ART)

A

advanced medical techniques used to treat infertility

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15
Q

sonogram

A

visual image of the fetus produced by ultrasound

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16
Q

chorionic villi sampling

A

surgical removal of a tiny section of chrionic villi to be analyzed for genetic defects

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17
Q

amniocentesis

A

process where amniotic fluid is removed and analyzed to detect possible birth defects

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18
Q

Rh factor

A

a protein found in blood, Rh incompatibility between a mother and fetus could jeopordize the fetus’s health

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19
Q

teratogen

A

an agent or influence that can cause physical defects in a developing fetus

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20
Q

congenital malformation

A

physical defect existing at the time of birth, either inherited or caused during gestation

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21
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A

combination of birth defects caused by alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy

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22
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

pregnancy, in which the embryo develops outside of the uterus, usually in an oviduct

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23
Q

preeclampsia

A

condition of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure and protein in urine

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24
Q

eclampsia

A

severe, potentially life-threatening form of preeclampsia characterized by seizures

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25
Q

placenta previa

A

placenta covers the cervical opening, preventing the mother form delivering the baby vaginally (complication of pregnancy)

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26
Q

placental abruption

A

premature separation of placenta from uterine wall (complication)

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27
Q

gestatoinal diabetes (GDM)

A

form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy

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28
Q

premature

A

born before 37th week of pregnancy

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29
Q

low birth weight

A

weighing less than 5.5 pounds at birth

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30
Q

infant mortality

A

death of a child less than 1 year of age

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31
Q

transition

A

last part of the first stage of labor, during which the cervix becomes fully dialated

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32
Q

apgar score

A

formalized system for assessing a newborn’s need for medical assistance

33
Q

postpartum period

A

the period of about three month after delivering a baby

34
Q

colostrum

A

yellowish fluid secreted by the mammary glands around the time of childbirth until milk comes in, about the 3rd day

35
Q

Conception

A

fusion of ovum and sperm, resulting in fertilization

36
Q

pap test

A

scraping of cells from the cervix for examination under a microscope

37
Q

diaphragm

A

contraceptive device consisting of a dome shape cup that covers the cervix and prevents sperm from entering the uterus

38
Q

FemCap

A

small, flexible cup that fits over the cervix, used with spermicide

39
Q

contraceptive sponge

A

device that is 2 inches in diameter that fits over the cervix and acts as a barrier, spermicide, and seminal fluid absorbant

40
Q

laparoscopy

A

examining the internal organ by inserting a tube containing a small light through abdominal incision

41
Q

suction curettage

A

removal of the embryo by means of suction

42
Q

dilation and evacuation (D&E)

A

the method of abortion most commonly used between 13 and 24 weeks pregnancy

43
Q

intact dilation and extraction

A

rarely used method of late-term abortion, where fetus is removed from the uterus

44
Q

drug

A

any chemical other than food that is intended to affect the structure or function of the body

45
Q

psychoactive drug

A

a drug that can alter a person’s consciousness or experience

46
Q

intoxication

A

the state of being mentally affected by a chemical

47
Q

addiction

A

a chronic disease that disrupts that brain’s system of motivation and reward, characterized by a compulsive desire and increasing need for a substance or behavior, and by harm to the individual/soceity

48
Q

physical dependence

A

the result of physiological adaption that occurs in response to the frequent presence of a drug; typically associated with tolerance and withdrawal

49
Q

substance dependence

A

a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms that occur in someone who continues to use a substance despite suffering significant substance related problems, leading to significant impairment or distess

50
Q

pharmacological properties

A

the overall effects of a drug on a person’s behavior, psychology, and chemistry

51
Q

dose-response function

A

the relationship between the amount of a drug taken and the intensity and type of resulting effect

52
Q

time-action function

A

the relationship between the time elapsed since a drug was taken and the intensity of its effect

53
Q

opioid

A

any of the several natural or synthetic drugs that relieve pain and cause drowsiness and or euphoria (narcotic)

54
Q

depressant

A

a drug that decreases nervous or muscular activity (sedative hypnotic)

55
Q

tranquilizer

A

a depressant of the CNS that reduces tension and anxiety

56
Q

state dependence

A

a situation in which information learned in a drug induced state is difficult to recall when the effect of the drug wears off

57
Q

depersonalization

A

state in which a person loses the sense of his or her own reality or perceives his or her own body as unreal

58
Q

synesthesia

A

condition in which a stimulus evokes not only the sensation appropriate to it but also another sensation of a different character, such as when a color evokes a specific smell

59
Q

flashback

A

a perceptual distortion or bizarre thought that recurs after the chemical effects of a drug have worn off

60
Q

codependency

A

a relationship in which a non-substance abusing partner or family member is controlled by the abuser’s behavior; codependent people frequently engaging in enabling behaviors

61
Q

one drink

A

the amount of a beverage that typically contains about .06 ounce of alcohol

62
Q

cardiac myopathy

A

weakening of the heart muscle through disease

63
Q

alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND)

A

cognitive and behavioral problems seen in people whose mothers drank alcohol during pregnancy

64
Q

alcohol abuse

A

the use of alcohol to a degree that causes physical damage, impairs functioning, or results in behavior harmful to others

65
Q

alcohol dependence or alcoholism

A

a pathological use of alcohol or impairment in functioning due to alcohol, characterized by tolerance and withdrawal symptoms

66
Q

binge drinking

A

5> drinks within 2 hours-men

4> drinks withing 2 hours -women

67
Q

delirum tremens (the DT’s)

A

a state of confusion brought on by the reduction of alcohol intake in an alcohol dependent person, other symptoms are sweating, trembling, anxiety, hallucinations, and seizures

68
Q

carcinogen

A

any substance that causes cancer

69
Q

cocarcinogen

A

a substance that works with a carcinogen to cause cancer

70
Q

sidestream smoke

A

the uninhaled smoke from a burning cigarrette

71
Q

cerebral cortex

A

the outer layer of the brain, which controls complex behavior and mental activity

72
Q

atherosclerosis

A

CVD causes by the deposit of fatty substances (plaque) in the walls of the arteries

73
Q

angina pectoris

A

chest pain due to coronary heart disease

74
Q

myocardial infection

A

a heart attack caused by the complete blockage of a main coronary artery

75
Q

emphysema

A

a disease characterized by a loss of lung tissue elasticity and breakup of the air sacs, imparing the lungs’ ability to obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

76
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

recurrent, persistant inflammation of the bronchial tubes

77
Q

enviornmental tabacco smoke(ETS)

A

smoke that enters the atmosphere from the burning end of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe as well as smoke that is exhaled by smokers (second hand smoke)

78
Q

mainstream smoke

A

smoke that is inhaled by a smoker and then exhaled into the atmosphere

Human Health and Disease (3 decks)

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