exam 2

Question 1

Industrious Revolution

Answer 1

18th century pre industrialization period in British North American. Division of labor and a market-oriented society was developing. There were labor shifts for service and marketable goods. Focus was more on making money than on pleasing God.

Question 2

James Oglethorpe

Answer 2

Colonist who founded Georgia. Focused on equality and bringing out the best of what the British could offer. Wanted to bring peace to British North America which meant no slavery or alcohol. This Utopia lasted about 15 years because immigrants knew they could make money on slave labor.

Question 3

The Middle Passage

Answer 3

18th century shipment of thousands of Africans. Terrible shipping conditions as they crossed the Atlantic Ocean into the New World.

Question 4

Benjamin Franklin “Observations on the Increase of Mankind”

Answer 4

Argument that population is increasing rapidly and this growth was putting high demand on British manufacturers. Said that Britain should chill out on bringing in manufacturers to sustain the needs they had or they would run out of resources.

Question 5

Moravians

Answer 5

Also known as United Brethren. Protestant religion in Germany that created closed, economically independent, sex-segregated communities. Daily life was infused with Christian liturgical rituals and piety.

Question 6

Enlightenment

Answer 6

European intellectual movement that emphasized reason and individualism instead of tradition. Helped form republicanism as well as thinking about the governments’ effects on people. People were entitled to inalienable rights.

Question 7

John Locke’s The Two Treatises on Government

Answer 7

Writings on parenting, government and religious liberty that formed an argument for limited government after being skeptical over the amount of power the British crown had. Said the government should rule under the consent of the governed and should focus more on protecting their citizens’ rights and their property.

Question 8

Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s Social Contract

Answer 8

The government needs a system of obeying the laws if they wanted the law to be sustainable and in order to receive protection from the government we should be able to give up on some of our freedoms.

Question 9

Charles Montesquieu’s The Spirit of the Laws

Answer 9

Outlined the separate branches of government and gave each branch certain powers so that the crown wouldn’t have too much. Argued system of checks and balances which helped found the U.S. Constitution.

Question 10

Republic of Letters

Answer 10

Large group of Enlightenment thinkers who exchanged ideas among each other that were centered around the belief that applying reason could improve the quality of life. Took the works of philosophers and matched them to their locations.

Question 11

Lyceum

Answer 11

Debating halls that helped spread Enlightenment ideas and brought in a lot of money.

Question 12

The Second Great Awakening

Answer 12

Religious revivalist movement in the early 19th century that echoes the Great Awakening of the 1730’s. Linked Christians across the Atlantic to exchange ideas and strategies that inspired a broad set of social, cultural and intellectual changes.

Question 13

Jonathan Edwards

Answer 13

Gave Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God sermon. Showed his concern with the number of people not regularly attending church as a result of Enlightenment ideas. Explained that the millennium was approaching and if they didn’t repent they would go to Hell.

Question 14

Metropole

Answer 14

The center of an empire that everything else radiates around.

Question 15

Periphery

Answer 15

Everything that surrounds the metropole.

Question 16

The Walking Treaty

Answer 16

Agreement between Pennsylvania and the Delawares that allowed Pennsylvania to claim a massive area of land as they pushed the Delawares west. Iroquois Indians denied Delawares help.

Question 17

Pontiac’s Rebellion

Answer 17

Attack by leader of the Ottawa tribe, Chief Pontiac against the British Empire to take back their land and remove all British influence on Indian lands around the Great Lakes.

Question 18

Proclamation Line of 1763

Answer 18

-Issued by King George III and prohibited settlements beyond a line west of the Appalachians running from the Hudson River south to Florida. Colonists looked at it as parliament siding with the Indians and did not respect it.

Question 19

Sugar Act

Answer 19

Passed by British parliament to end smuggling and place a tax on sugar and other goods to fund the British empire.

Question 20

Whig Party

Answer 20

American political party that supported government investment in infrastructure to stimulate business. In some parts of the North they also endorsed antislavery politics.

Question 21

The Bourbon Reforms

Answer 21

Set of economic legislation by the Spanish crown with the intention to reform the Spanish economy. Manufacturing and technology was brought in to modernize Spain and attempted to reduce some of the power the church had over the citizens. They wanted citizens to depend on their capital, Madrid.

Question 22

Republicanism

Answer 22

Being a citizen in a state as a republic where people hold popular sovereignty which means the power is invested in people chosen to govern and those chosen must exercise their power with the general will.

Question 23

Machiavelli’s The Prince

Answer 23

Document that focused on how to effectively rule a republic by making the citizens fear you. Looked at society as monarchies, aristocracies and the people. Colonists needed someone to represent them if they wanted to the government to be stronger.

Question 24

Mercantilism

Answer 24

An economic system where trade is strictly seen as a way to enrich the state.

Question 25

Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations

Answer 25

Helped create capitalism. He wanted to create a space for a market that existed without the control of the government.

Question 26

Stamp Act

Answer 26

British parliamentary act that required multiple forms of colonial printed products to be affixed with revenue stamps or taxes paid to the British.

Question 27

Sons of Liberty

Answer 27

Colonial protestors who originated from the Stamp Act and spread British hate between colonies.

Question 28

Politics Out of Doors

Answer 28

18th century street protests in Europe and the Americas that protested the British crown and raised anger toward British parliament.

Question 29

Boycott

Answer 29

The refusal to buy goods or use services and is usually directed at a certain company or country as a protest.

Question 30

Declaratory Acts

Answer 30

Passed by British parliament after repealing the Stamp Act and enforced the idea that the British crown had the power to make laws on American colonists in all cases whatsoever.

Question 31

Boston Tea Party

Answer 31

Act of defiance by Boston colonists in protest of the British Tea Act. 30-60 men stormed British tea ships while disguised as Mohawk Indians and dumped 90 thousand pounds of tea into the Boston Harbor.

Question 32

The Tea Act of 1773

Answer 32

Passed by British parliament and asserted British control over the tea trade through the Dutch East India Company. The tax was not large but they were pissed because something so central to them was now under control of the crown which gave them even more power over the colonists.

Question 33

Dutch East India Company

Answer 33

Monopoly trading company composed of English merchants charted in 1600 to trade in Asia and India. Influential in global British imperial policy into the 19th century.

Question 34

Coercive Acts

Answer 34

From British parliament in response to the protests in Boston. Reorganized Massachusetts government and put royal control over local ports as well as placing a military governor in charge.

Question 35

First Continental Congress

Answer 35

Representatives of the colonies (except Georgia) met in Philadelphia to form policies against British laws and regulations. Wanted the king to take their side but he refused and encouraged parliament to continue.

Question 36

Dunmore's Proclamation

Answer 36

Issued by governor of Virginia, Lord Dunmore. Offered enslaved people their freedom if they fought in the war in support of the British.

Question 37

Landon Carter

Answer 37

Planter and plantation owner in Virginia who was a good model of how the British empire should work. Very supportive of the king and was reluctant to protest against the Empire. Known for his diaries about the 8 enslaved men who ran away form his plantation following Dunmore's Proclamation.

Question 38

Thomas Pain

Answer 38

Wrote Common Sense and argued for the destruction of the British Empire. He laid out the necessity of the separation of church and state and communicated ideas of individualism as well as ideas from the Enlightenment in an easy way so everyone could understand.

Question 39

Declaration of Independence

Answer 39

Declared the U.S. was free and independent of the British empire and sought internal recognition. A list of grievances written by Thomas Jefferson.

Question 40

Pater Familia

Answer 40

Families were miniature nations and were not built on love and were structured with British hierarchy. Family looked like the state and was concerned with who was in charge and who would be in charge next.

Question 41

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 41

Founding father of the U.S. who hated the idea of sending convicted colonists into America once the indentured servant trend declined. Wanted to retaliate by sending Europe rattlesnakes in return. Inventor and writer who invested in the Enlightenment.

Question 42

Plantation Act of 1740

Answer 42

Act by British parliament that said non-catholics who lived in British North America could become citizens if they received communion from a Protestant church, swore allegiance to the king and paid shillings.

Question 43

French and Indian War or 7 Years War

Answer 43

Conflict between Britain and France and Native American allies. French and Indian war was part of 7 years war. 7 years war refers to the full global conflict. British can't make friends with Indians and French loses their alliance with them for not properly rewarding them. British has large navy because of drafting. Ends when British gains control of Quebec.

Question 44

Stono Rebellion

Answer 44

Salve rebellion near the Stono River where 20 black slaves met in secret to plan their escape to freedom. Broke into Hutchinson's stores, killed storekeepers and stole guns and powder. Largest slave rebellion in the colonies prior to the American Revolution.

Question 45

Treaty of Paris

Answer 45

Ends French and Indian war. France surrenders North American territory and swaps Canada for Guadeloupe. France cedes Louisiana to Spanish and Spain traded Florida to the British for the Havana. British Empire took control of all of North America east of the Mississippi.