exam 1

Question 1

navigation acts

Answer 1

passed by british parliament to limit trade w england and not other north american colonies; everything must go through england & they jack the prices up; important bc it reinforces mercantilism

Question 2

paternalism

Answer 2

one group thinking they know whats best for another group; important because white europeans thought they were superior and knew what was better than the africans and native americans

Question 3

conquistadors

Answer 3

came from spain; military men that were seeking riches and resources and didn’t care about building alliances & were also very hostile; important because helped facilitate trading of resources between north america and europe

Question 4

terra nullius

Answer 4

empty land that anyone can take; important because if europeans felt native american land was being used improperly then in their eyes its technically empty so it gave them an excuse to take it

Question 5

stono rebellion

Answer 5

slave revolt; important because it tightened laws on slavery & slaveholders because it showed them the slaves have more power and influence than they realized so they got scared and started to oppress the slaves more so they wouldn’t revolt again

Question 6

bartolome de las casas

Answer 6

catholic priest; human rights advocate for native americans; important because he shows that there were some people who were genuinely just interested in converting people & he wasn’t afraid to say we shouldn’t be treating people this way

Question 7

john winthrop

Answer 7

wrote city upon a hill sermon; protestant; puritan leader; church & local government leader; important because he had the idea that america is this place ordained by God and is an example for the rest of the world; he’s a representative of american exceptionalism

Question 8

powhatan

Answer 8

iroquois indian leader; important because he’s a figure of resistance against europeans

Question 9

william penn

Answer 9

founder of pennsylvania; founded purposes of religious freedom; important because of his equality driven denomination & he had a better relationship with native americans

Question 10

kinship

Answer 10

centerpiece of indian politics; important because its what brings together these indian communities

Question 11

horses

Answer 11

introduced by comanche & apache; important because it was a more efficient way of transporting material & it dramatically influenced warfare

Question 12

iroquois league

Answer 12

trade group; suffer terrible collapse due to disease; important because as a result of losing so much of their population they turn to europeans to absorb what is useful which results in conversions

Question 13

kateri tekakwitha

Answer 13

first native american saint: important because she is a mohawk indian that converts to catholicism but she remains a sincere catholic with out giving up her mohawk identity

Question 14

middle ground

Answer 14

upper great lakes; meeting place for europeans; indians use this place to keep a balance; important because it is controlled by two separate powers so there is peace here

Question 15

atlantic slave trade

Answer 15

enslaving, trading & transportation of african people to europe and americas; important because it affected how europeans viewed africans

Question 16

atlantic world

Answer 16

area of exploration bordering atlantic ocean; important because they sparked the exploration

Question 17

church of england

Answer 17

after act of supremacy passed and papal authority was abolished henry 8 was the head of the church of england; important because it started calvinism

Question 18

columbian exchange

Answer 18

circulation of goods, animals & diseases as europeans move first through africa and then to new world; important because it dramatically transforms ecosystems of the world

Question 19

encomienda

Answer 19

land grant that also grants right to labor of people living there; important because this gave europeans excuse to enslave native americans

Question 20

black legend

Answer 20

publication by de las casas about how the spaniards slaughtered the indians; important because it fueled hatred towards spaniards and made it harder for them to settle

Question 21

indentured servitude

Answer 21

agreed to serve for 3-7 years in exchange for passage overseas; important because it helped the virginia labor systems

Question 22

jamestown

Answer 22

founded by virginia company & on the territory of tsenacommacah indians; important because its the first permanent english settlement in america

Question 23

bacons rebellion

Answer 23

uprising led by nathaniel bacon because of high taxes, vulnerability to indian attack, official corruption & concentration of land ownership; important because it remade virginia’s borders and its politics

Question 24

barbados slave code

Answer 24

english america’s first slave code; important because it enforced tighter control over enslaved people and prescribed different treatment & different levels of protection

Question 25

mercantilism

Answer 25

system of economic organization in which the purpose of trade is to enrich the state; organized around supporting the crown; important because the purpose of trade is supposed to be that we all get what we want