Exam 2 Flashcards
5 muscles that originate on the vertebral column or skull
Trapezius Rhomboid Major Rhomboid Minor Levator Scaula Latissimus Dorsi
Trapezius:
Origin - (4)
Insertion - (2)
Actions - (3)
Trapezius:
Origin - External Occipital Protuberance (EOP), Superior nuchal line, Ligamentous nuchae and C7-T12
Insertion - Clavicle and Acromion Process/Spine of Scapula
Actions - Stabilize Scapula, (upper) Elevate Scapula, (mid/lower) Adduct/Depress Scapula
Trapezius Nerve Supply:
Motor…
Sensory…
Motor innervation from Spinal Accessory Nerve (XI)
Sensory innervation from C3 and C4
Trapezius weakness can lead to… (2)
Deepening of shoulder
Shoulder drops
Rhomboid major and minor are (deep/superficial) to the trapezius.
Deep
Rhomboid Major:
Origin -
Insertion -
Origin - Spines of Upper Thoracic Vertebrae
Insertion - Vertebral Border of Scapula
Rhomboid Minor:
Origin -
Insertion -
Origin - Spines of lower cervical and first thoracic
Insertion - Vertebral border of scapula
Muscle deep to the trapezius on the side of the neck
Levator Scapula
Levator Scapula:
Origin - (1)
Insertion - (2)
Actions - (3)
Origin - Transverse Process of Upper Cervicals
Insertion - Superior Angle/Proximal Medial Border of Scapula
Actions - Elevate/Adduct/Stabilize Scapula
Innervation of Rhomboids and Levator Scapula
Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5)
Damage to the Dorsal Scapular Nerve and/or C5 would result in… (2)
Difficulty completely adducting scapula
Scapula sits further from midline
Latissimus Dorsi: Origin - (4) Insertion - (1) Actions - (2) Nerve Supply (1)
Origin - Spines of lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, Thoracodorsal Fascia, Crest/Ilium, Lower Ribs
Insertion - Intertubercular Groove of Humerus
Actions - Extends/Adducts/Medial-Rotate Humerus, Forced Expiration
Nerve Supply - Thoracodorsal (C6, C7, C8)
Depression found at the LOWER portion of the latissimus dorsi…
Three landmarks…
Significance…
Lumbar Triangle
Latissimus Dorsi, Ilium Crest, External Oblique
Location of posterior abdominal wall hernia
Depression at the SUPERIOR border of the latissimus Dorsi…
Three landmarks…
Significance…
Triangle of Auscultation
Latissimus Dorsi, Trapezius, Vertebral Border of Scapula
Where lung sounds can be heard
Broad muscular sheet that passes posteriorly around thoracic cage from an extensive costal attachment to a more limited scapula attachment.
Serratus Anterior
Serratus Anterior: Origin: Insertion: Actions: (3) Nerve Supply:
Origin: Upper 8 or 9 ribs
Insertion: Vertebral Border of Scapula
Actions: Stabilize and Abduct Scapula, Forced Inspiration (when humerus abducted)
Nerve Supply: Long Thoracic (C5, C6, C7)
Winged Scapula
Long Thoracic Nerve Palsy
Signs of Long Thoracic Nerve Palsy… (2)
Vertebral Border of Scapula Raised from posterior thoracic wall.
Difficulty raising the arm overhead
Three causes os long thoracic nerve palsy
Trauma/Subluxation
Traction Injuries involving shoulder
Recumbency (for an extended period)
6 Scapular Muscles
Deltoid Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Subscapularis Teres Minor Teres Major
4 rotator cuff muscles
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres Minor
Large muscle forms the roundness of the shoulder and is divided into three portions, each with a different origin and actions.
Deltoid
Deltoid: Origin: (3) Insertion: Actions (3) Nerve Supply:
Origin: Clavicle, Acromion Process, Spind of Scapula
Insertion: Deltoid Tuberosity of Humerus
Actions Supply: Flex + Medially Rotate Humerus, Abduct Humerus, Extension + Laterally rotate humerus
Nerve Supply: Axillary Nerve (C5 & C6)
Atrophy of the deltoid (_______ ________).
Due to…
Crutch Paralysis
(due to) Axillary Nerve Injury
Three causes of axillary nerve injury (deltoid atrophy)
Fracture surgical neck of humerus
Dislocation of shoulder joint (humerus/scapula)
Pressure of a crutch in the axilla
Loss of sensation may occur over the _______ aspect of the ____ with an axillary nerve injury (deltoid atrophy)
LATERAL aspect of the ARM
Supraspinatus: Origin: Insertion: Actions: (3) Nerve Supply:
Origin: Supraspinatus Fossa of Scapula
Insertion: Greater Tuberosity of Humerus
Actions: Initiate Abduct of Humerus, Laterally Rotate Humerus, Stabilize Shoulder
Nerve Supply: Suprascapular (C5/C6)
Supraspinatus:
Lies _______ to the trapezius.
Tendon of insertion passes under the _______ _______ and over the top of the ________ to reach its insertion on the ________
Its tendon of insertion is separated from the acromion process by the _________ and _________ bursa.
DEEP to trapezius.
Tendon of insertion passes under the ACROMION PROCESS and over the top of theSHOULDER to reach its insertion on the HUMERUS.
Its tendon of insertion is separated from the acromion process by the SUBACROMIAL and SUBDELTOID BURSA.
Rotator Cuff Tendonitis: (2)
Irritation and inflammation of the supraspinatus tendon.
Also known as SHOULDER IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME.
Common causes of rotator cuff tendonitis (5)
Genetic Weakness around rotator cuff Excess stress/repetition Trauma/Injury Calcium Deposits
Rotator Cuff Tear:
Tendon usually ruptures at or near…
Creates difficulty carrying out… (action)
rupture at or near INSERTION
difficulty with ABDUCTION of ARM
Drop Test:
Test of rotator cuff tear.
Lower the fully abducted limb slowly - limb will drop suddenly if torn.
Bursitis of Supraspinatus:
Inflammation of bursa that separates the tendon from the acromion process (SUBDELTOID and SUBACROMIAL)
Muscle often used with the teres minor
Infraspinatus
Infraspinatus: Origin: Insertion: Actions: (2) Nerve Supply:
Infraspinatus: Origin: Infraspinatus Fossa of Scapula Insertion: Greater Tuberosit of Humerus Actions: Laterally Rotates Humerus, Stabilize Shoulder Joint Nerve Supply: Suprascapular (C5 and C6)
Muscle that occupies the ventral surface of the scapula.
Subscapularis
Subscapularis: Origin: Insertion: Actions: (2) Nerve Supply: (2)
Subscapularis:
Origin: Axillary Border of Scapula
Insertion: Lesser Tuberosity of Humerus
Actions: Medial Rotates Humerus, Stabilizes shoulder joint
Nerve Supply: Upper and Lower Subscapular (C5 and C6)
A narrow muscle which is found parallel to the axillary border of the scapula, between the infraspinatus and the trees major.
Teres Minor
The trees minor can sometimes be fused with the __________
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor: Origin: Insertion: Actions: (2) Nerve Supply:
Teres Minor: Origin: Axillary Border of Scapula Insertion: Greater Tuberosity of Humerus Actions: Laterally Rotates Humerus, Stabilizes Shoulder Joint Nerve Supply: Axillary (C5 and C6)
A well developed muscle which, along with the latissimus dorsi helps form the posterior wall of the axilla
Teres Major
Teres Major: Origin: Insertions: Actions: (2) Nerve Supply:
Teres Major: Origin: Inferior Angle of Scapula Insertions: Medial Lip of the Intertubercular Groove of Humerus Actions: Adducts/Medial Rotates Humerus Nerve Supply: Lower Subscapular (C6)
The space between the teres major and minor is divided by…
Long Head of Triceps Brachii
The two smaller spaces created by the division made by the long head of triceps brachii
Quadrilateral
Triangle
The quadrilateral space contains…
Axillary Nerve
Humeral Circumflex Blood Vessels
Triangular Space contains…
Circumflex Scapular branch of the Subscapular Artery
Ligaments can be classified as either…
Extrinsic (extracapsular)
Intrinsic (intracapsular)
Structure that separates extrinsic and intrinsic ligaments.
Capsular Ligament
Extrinsic - Superficial to Capsular Ligament
Intrinsic - Deep to Capsular Ligament
Ligaments prevent movement by acting either as a _____ or as a _____
Rope or Wall
Joint by which the upper limb articulates with the axial skeleton.
Sternoclavicular Joint
Most stable joint of the upper extremity.
Sternoclavicular Joint
SC joint articulates with… (3)
Sternal end of the clavicle
Clavicular and costal notches of the sternum
Medial end of first rib
The articulating surfaces of the SC joint are poorly adapted to one another. This is overcome by a piece of cartilage know as the ________ ______.
Articular Disc
SC Joint:
Classified as…
The _______ _______ surrounds the joint.
Nerve supply: (2)
SC Joint:
Plane Gliding Joint
CAPSULAR LIGAMENT surrounds joint
Nerves: Supraclavicular and Subclavius
Ligaments Associated with the SC Joint:
Anterior and Posterior SC Ligament
Reinforces Capsular Ligament
Prevent excessive Protraction/Retraction
Extrinsic Like a Wall
Ligaments Associated with the SC Joint:
Interclavicular
Attached to Sternal Ends of Both Clavicles
Prevents displacement when carrying heavy object
Extrinsic like a Rope
Ligaments Associated with the SC Joint:
Costoclavicular
Attached to Costal Impression of clavicle and 1st rib
Limits Elevation at medial end
Extrinsic like a Rope
Acromioclavicular Joint:
Joint Type:
Nerve Supply: (3)
Acromioclavicular Joint:
Plane Gliding Joint
Nerve Supply: Dorsal Scapular, Suprascapular, Axillary
Ligaments of the Acromioclavicular Joint:
Superior and Inferior Acromioclavicular
Reinforces Capsular Ligament
Keep clavicle in contact with acromion process
Extrinsic like a rope
Ligaments of the Acromioclavicular Joint:
Coracoclavicular
Connects clavicle with coracoid process
Divided into CONOID and TRAPEZOID portion
Extrinsic like a rope
Dislocation of the Acromioclavicular Joint is know as… (2)
Shoulder Separation
Shoulder Pointer
Joint that has the greatest range of motion.
Glenohumeral Joint (Shoulder)
Glenohumeral Joint: 2 articulation points: Fibrocartilage Rim: Type: Nerve Supply: (2)
Glenohumeral Joint: 2 articulation points: Head of Humerus/Glenoid Cavity of Scapula Fibrocartilage Rim: Glenoid Labrum Type: Ball and Socket Nerve Supply: Axillary and Suprascapular
Ligaments of the Should Joint: Capsular Ligament (2)
Surrounds Joint
Opening in inferior lateral portion where long head of biceps brachii
Ligaments of the Shoulder Joint:
Glenohumeral (1)
Prevents lateral rotation of the humerus
*Most limited movement of shoulder
Ligaments of the Shoulder Joint: Transverse Humeral (1)
Keeps long head of biceps brachii in place
Ligaments of the Shoulder Joint:
Coracohumeral (1)
Limits lateral rotation of the humerus
Ligaments of the Shoulder Joint:
Coracoacromial (1)
Attaches Coracoid Process and Acromion Process
The suprascapular ligament is a small ligament which spans the _______ ______
Scapular Notch
Most common dislocation of the shoulder
Anterior Dislocation
3 anterior arm muscles
Nerve Supply:
Biceps Brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis
Nerve Supply: Musculocutaneous Nerve
Most superficial muscle of the anterior arm
Biceps Brachii
Biceps Brachii:
Short Head: (location/origin)
Long Head: (location/origin)
Short Head: Medial… Coracoid Process of Scapula (origin)
Long Head: Lateral… Supraglenoid Tubercle of Scapula (origin)
Biceps Brachii:
Insertion: (2)
Actions: (3)
Insertion: Tuberosity of Radius and Shaft of Ulna Actions: Flexion of forearm at elbow Supinator of forearm (prime mover) Short Head: Adducts Humerus Long Head: Abduct Humerus
Rupture of the long head of the biceps brachii can change its appearance and also be known as…
Popeye Deformity
Bicipital Reflex:
Tested by…
Tests for segmental innervation of…
Bicipital Reflex:
Tested by TAPPING BICEP TENDON NEAR INSERTION.
Tests for segmental innervation of C5 and C6.
Two muscles of the posterior arm
Triceps Brachii
Anconeus
Segmental innervation of triceps brachii
C7 and C8
_______ _______ is the main arterial supply for the arm.
This is a continuation of the ________ artery and divides into its two terminal branches - ______ artery and _______ artery at the _______ ______
BRACHIAL ARTERY is the main arterial supply to the arm.
This is a continuation of the AXILLARY artery and divides into its two terminal branches - ULNAR artery and RADIAL artery at the CUBITAL FOSSA
Pulse can be be taken from the brachial artery in the ________ _______
Bicipital Furrow
Branches of the Brachial Artery: (2)
Brachial Profundus (Deep Brachial) Superior and Inferior Ulnar Collaterals
Brachial Profundus (Deep Brachial):
____ branch.
Begins…
1st Branch
Begins just DISTAL to the TERES MAJOR muscle.
Superior and Inferior Ulnar Collaterals:
These vessels are given off…
They take part in the Arterial _________ around the medial aspect of the elbow joint.
These vessels are given off at the DISTAL MEDIAL aspect of the brachial artery.
They take part in the Arterial ANASTOMOSIS around the medial aspect of the elbow joint
Pneumatic cuff used to take blood pressure
Sphygmomanometer
First and second readings of blood pressure
Systolic Pressure - First sound after as pressure is released
Diastolic Pressure - Absence of sound
_____ ______ _____ - Prominent venous arch on the back of the hand.
Dorsal Venous Arch
_______ _____ - Comes off of the lateral aspect of the dorsal venous arch and continues proximally in the lateral aspect of the forearm and arm, where is terminates and drains in the ______ _____.
Cephalic Vein drains into the Axillary Vein
______ _____ - Come off of the medial aspect of the dorsal venous arch and continues proximally in the medial aspect of the forearm and arm, where it joins with the ______ _____ to form the ______ _____.
Basilic Vein joins with the Brachial Veins to form the Axillary Vein
______ ______ ______ - The most prominent cutaneous vein of the body and formed from branches given off by both the _______ and _______ veins as they cross the elbow region.
Median Cubital Vein (most prominent)
… formed from branches given off by both the CEPHALIC and BASILIC veins
Where blood is usually taken from
Median Cubital Vein
Injury to the musculocutaneous nerve results in…
Atrophy of anterior arm muscles, but NOT total loss of forearm flexion - Other muscles not supplied my the musculocutaneous nerve can carry out weak flexion.
Along with atrophy of the anterior arm muscles from a musculotcutaneous nerve injury, there may also be loss of sensation along the lateral aspect of the forearm because the _______ __________ _________ _______ is a branch of the musculocutaneous.
Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve
3 borders of the cubital fossa
Lateral - Brachioradialis Muscle
Medial - Pronator Teres Muscle
Proximal - Level of the Epicondyles of the Humerus
4 important structures found in the cubital fossa
Median Nerve
Brachial Artery
Tendon of the Biceps Brachii
Median Cubital Vein
The elbow complex includes which 2 structures.
Elbow Joint
Proximal Radial-Ulnar Joint
Nerve supply to the elbow joint
Musculocutaneous
Radial
Median
Ulnar
4 ligaments of the elbow
Capsular
Lateral or Radial
Medial or Ulnar
Annular
Capsular Ligament:
- Loose anteriorly and posteriorly to permit…
- Strong to limit…
- Attachments on… (which bones)
Capsular Ligament:
- Loose anteriorly and posteriorly to permit MAXIMUM FLEXION and EXTENSION
- Strong to limit MEDIAL and LATERAL MOVEMENTS
- Attachments on HUMERUS and ULNA
Lateral Ligament:
- Runs from… to…
- Prevents…
Lateral Ligament:
- Runs from LATERAL EPICONDYLE to the ANNULAR LIGAMENT
- Prevents ADDUCTION
Medial Ligament:
- Runs from… to…
- Prevents…
Medial Ligament:
- Runs from MEDIAL EPICONDYLE to PROXIMAL part of ULNA.
- Prevents ABDUCTION
Annular Ligament:
- Forms a…
- Attached to the…
- Keeps… in place.
Annular Ligament:
- Forms a RING AROUND the HEAD of the RADIUS.
- Attached to the margins of the RADIAL NOTCH of the ULNA
- Keeps the HEAD of the RADIUS in place
Three possible injuries to the ulnar nerve from a dislocation at the elbow.
Stretched or Lacerated
Entrapped in scar tissue
Entrapped in new bone formation
Carry angle
Females:
Males:
Increased Angle:
Females: 15 degrees
Males: 5-10 degrees
Increased Angle: Cubitus Valgus
Proximal Radial-Ulnar Joint
Classification:
Ligaments: (2)
Proximal Radial-Ulnar Joint
Classification: Pivot/Trochoid Joint
Ligaments: Interosseous Membrane and Oblique Cord
Nursemaid’s Elbow: (1)
Ligament that can be damaged?
Subluxation of the Head of the Radius
Annular Ligament
Radius:
- _______ bone (joint type)
- Articulates with the _______ and _______ to form the wrist joint
PIVOT Bone
Scaphoid and Lunated to form the wrist joint
Cartilage that separates the ulna from the wrist.
Articular Disc of the Wrist
Ossification of the Radius and Ulna:
Both have one primary ossification center for the shaft and two secondary ossification centers (one at each end)
Ossification of Radius:
First Appears: (distal and proximal)
Fusion with Shaft: (distal and proximal)
First Appears: 1-2 years - Distal 4-7 years - Proximal Fusion with Shaft: 20-24 years - Distal 14-17 years - Proximal
Ossification of Ulna:
First Appears: (distal and proximal)
Fusion with Shaft: (distal and proximal)
First Appears: 4-7 years - Distal 9-11 years - Proximal Fusion with Shaft: 20-24 years - Distal 14-17 years - Proximal
Fractures to the radius and ulna are usually due to severe and direct trauma and produce a _________ fracture to the…
TRANSVERSE fracture to the SHAFT OF BOTH BONES
Colles Fracture: (2)
Fracture of the distal end of the radius.
One of the most common fractures in adults, especially women over 50 due to osteoporosis.
Ossification of Carpal Bones: (5 stages)
- Ossification is completed by…
Capitate, Hamate Triquetral Lunate Trapezium, Trapezoid, Scaphoid Pisiform - Completed by 14-16 years of age
How can age of a child be determined?
Carpal Bones
Females - birth to 17
Males - birth to 18-19
Longest metacarpal
2nd metacarpal
Two functions of sesamoid bones
Protect/Stabilize Tendon
Change angle of tendons as they pass to their insertion (increase leverage)
Most commonly fractured carpal bone -
How much force does it take to fracture -
Scaphoid
Twice as much force needed to fracture the radius
Variation in blood supply to the scaphoid can cause a fracture to lead to…
Degenerative arthritis
Structure that can be injured from a hamate fracture
Ulnar Nerve
Boxer’s Fracture
Fracture of the 5th metacarpal
Anterior SUPERFICIAL Forearm Muscles
Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Palmaris Longus
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Pronator Teres Insertion
Pronator Ridge of Radius
Pronator Teres Syndrome: (1)
Due to: (2)
Compression of the median nerve between the heads of the pronator teres.
Due to:
Direct Trauma
Excessive pronation/supination
Weakness of the flexor carpi radialis can cause an abnormal type of flexion known as…
Ulnar Deviation
Palmaris Longus is missing in about ___% of the population
15%
Two actions of palmaris longus
Flexion at wrist
Tightens palmar aponeurosis which help with palmar grip
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris:
Origin: (2)
Insertion: (3)
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon process of ulna
Insertion: Pisiform, Hamate, 5th metacarpal
Weakness of the flexor carpi ulnaris results in an abnormal type of flexion known as…
Radial Deviation
Anterior INTERMEDIATE Forearm Muscle(s)
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis:
Origin: (2)
Insertion: (1)
Actions: (2)
Origin: Medial Epicondyle of Humerus Shaft of Radius Insertion: Middle Phalanges of Digits 2-5 Actions: Flex PIP joint of digits 2-5 Flexion at wrist
Deep Anterior Forearm Muscles
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Pronator Quadratus
Flexor Digitorum Profundus:
Origin: (2)
Insertion: (1)
Actions: (2)
Origin: Shaft of Ulna Interosseous Membrane Insertion: Distal Phalanges of Digits 2-5 Actions: Flex DIP joints of digits 2-5 Flexion of wrist
Flexor Pollicis Longus:
Origin: (2)
Insertion: (1)
Action: (1)
Origin: Shaft of Radius Interosseous Membrane Insertion: Distal Phalanx of Digit 1 Action: Flex digit 1 and IP joint
Compression neuropathy or injury to the median nerve at the distal part of the forearm
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Ape Hand
Atrophy of the thenar muscles with loss of opposition
Claw Hand
Ulnar nerve damage makes it difficult to fully flex digits 4 and 5
Guyon Tunnel or Canal Syndrome:
- Damage to the ulnar nerve at the wrist joint where…
where it passes between the PISIFORM and HOOK of the HAMATE
Cyclists or Handlebar Neuropathy
Guyon Tunnel or Canal Syndrome due to bicycling with the hands hyperextended of the hand grips
Superficial Posterior Forearm Muscles:
Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum Maximus Extensor Digiti Minimi Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Repetitive use of the superficial posterior forearm muscles can lead to…
Lateral Epicondylitis or Tennis Elbow
Condition resulting with an individual unable to extend the distal interphalangeal joint
Mallet or Basesball Finger
Deep Posterior Forearm Muscles
Supinator Abductor Pollicis Longus Extensor Pollicis Brevis Extensor Pollicis Longus Extensor Indicis
Supinator:
Origin: (2)
Insertion: (1)
Origin: Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus Supinator Crest of Ulna Insertion: Shaft of Radius
Abductor Pollicis Longus:
Origin: (2)
Insertion: (1)
Action: (1)
Origin: Shaft of Ulna and Radius Interosseous Membrane Insertion: First Metacarpal Action: Abduct Digit 1 and CM Joint
Extensor Pollicis Brevis:
Origin: (2)
Insertion: (1)
Origin:
Shaft of Radius
Interosseous Membrane
Insertion: Proximal Phalanx of Digit 1
Extensor Pollicis Longus:
Origin: (2)
Insertion: (1)
Origin:
Shaft of Ulna
Interosseous Membrane
Insertion: Distal Phalanx of Digit 1
Floor of snuffbox is formed from… (3)
Styloid Process of Radius
Scaphoid
Trapezium
Tenosynovitis Stenosans (Dequervain's Disease): (1) - More common in... which may be related to...
Inflammation of the tendons of the Abductor Pollicis Longus and Extensor Pollicis Brevis
- More common in WOMEN OVER 50, which may be related to HORMONE CHANGES that occur with MENOPAUSE
Extensor Indicis:
Origin: (2)
Insertion: (1)
Origin:
Shaft of Ulna
Interosseous Membrane
Insertion: Proximal Phalanx of Digit 2
Most lateral terminal branch of the brachial artery
Radial Artery
Distal Radial-Ulnar Joint:
Joint Classification:
Nerve Supply:
Joint Classification: Pivot or Trochoid
Nerve Supply: Radial
Ligaments that unite the distal ends of the radius and ulna.
- They prevent ________
Anterior and Posterior Transverse Ligaments
- They prevent SUPINATION
Ligament that attaches the ulnar notch and the styloid process of the ulna
Articular Disc (Ligament)
Joint that unites the hand and forearm: (1)
Articulation: (5)
Classification:
Nerve Supply: (3)
Radiocarpal (wrist) Joint
Articulation: Distal end of Radius, Articular Disc with the Scaphoid, Lunated and Triquetral
Classification: Condyloid
Nerve Supply: Median, Radial, Ulnar
Dorsal and Palmer Radiocarpal Ligaments attach superiorly to the _______ and inferiorly to the _______ and ______
superiorly - RADIUS
inferiorly - SCAPHOID and LUNATE
Palmar Ulnocarpal Ligament attaches the ______ to the _______ and _______
ULNA to SCAPHOID and LUNATE
Ulnar and Radial Collateral Ligaments attach…
STYLOID PROCESS of the ULNA and RADIUS to the CARPAL BONES on the respective sides
________ ________: Strong fibrous band of deep fascia extending across the posterior aspect of the wrist.
- Main function -
Extensor Retinaculum
- Prevents “Bowstringing” of Extensor Tendons
Shortening and hypertrophy of the palmar aponeurosis
Dupuytren’s Contracture
Classification of Interphalangeal Joints
Ginglymus Joints
Classification of Carpometacarpal Joint of Digit One
Universal Joint
Classification of Intermetacarpal Joints
Plane Gliding Joints
Classification of Intercarpal Joints
Plane Gliding Joints
Classification of Interphalangeal Joints
Ginglymus Joints
Skier’s Thumb
Rupture or laxity of the collateral ligaments of the MP joint of digit 1
