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ESH 201 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average height loss per decade?

A

1 cm

Accelerates after 60

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2
Q

What is the gender difference in height loss?

A

Females lose more

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3
Q

Why do females lose more height?

A 
Hormones
Diet
Weight
Difference in physical activity
Osteoporosis prevalence
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4
Q

Why does height loss happen?

A

Vertebral compression
Changes in height and shape of intervertebral discs
Loss of muscle tone
Postural slump

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5
Q

What are the changes in weight associated with aging?

A

Weight begins to decline after age 50

Biggest indicator of mortality risk is weight loss

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6
Q

What are the factors responsible for weight loss during aging?

A

Selective survival of healthy weight and population
Low obesity prevalence in the cohort
Aging process
Higher frequency of disease

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7
Q

What are changes in BMI in relation to aging?

A

Little changes

Same weight but more fat and less muscle mass

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8
Q

What is the classification for underweight BMI

A
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9
Q

What is the desirable BMI

A

18.5-24.9

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10
Q

What is an overweight BMI

A

25-29.9

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11
Q

What is the obesity BMI

A

> 30

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12
Q

What is the association between mortality and BMI

A

HigH BMI high mortality

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13
Q

What are the height changes associated with aging?

A

Height loss starts around 40

Both genders lose about 3-4% of their original height

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14
Q

What are changes associated with body comp during the aging process? The

A

Same body weight but different composition

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15
Q

What are the factors that impact body comp with aging?

A 
Genetic
Aging
Diet
Disease
Physical activity participation
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16
Q

Fat mass during aging

A

Increases

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17
Q

Fat free mass during aging

A

Decreases

Physically weaker

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18
Q

What is the effect aerobic training has on body comp during aging?

A

Decreases fat mass

Not effective in increasing fat free mass

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19
Q

What effect does resistance training have on body comp while aging?

A

Lose fat mass

Increase fat free mass

20
Q

What is the effect of aging on bones?

A

Bone loss is greater than bone gain after 40

21
Q

What factors influence bone health

A 
Hormones
Diet
Physical activity
Body weight
Gender
Ethnicity
22
Q

What factors contribute to frequent bone fractures during aging?

A 
Decreases bone mass
Lifestyle
Genetics
Age
Inverse relationship with BMI
23
Q

What is osteoporosis

A

Low bone mass
Poor structural quality of the bone
Weak bones
Loss of bone mass

24
Q

Osteoporosis where you lose 3-7% per year for 5 years after menopause

A

Type 1

25
Q

Osteoporosis which occurs in both genders

May develop eat any age

A

Type 2

26
Q

Why is flexibility important?

A 
Range of motion
Injury prevention 
Strain on other joint structures
Balance
Posture
Quality of life
27
Q

Risk factors of osteoporosis

A 
Age
Gender
Body size
Ethnicity
Family history
Hormonal levels
Diet
28
Q

Arthritis that is an inflammatory condition

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

29
Q

Arthritis that is a degenerative disease

A

Osteoarthritis

30
Q

What are risk factors of osteoarthritis?

A 
>40-50
Gender
Family history
Higher body weight
Physical inactivity
Strenuous physical activity
Muscle weakness
31
Q

Effects of exercise of osteoarthritis

A 
Not a huge impact on the actual disease
Improves function 
Less stress on the joints
Weight loss
Decreases pain
General benefits of physical activity l
32
Q

What changes occur in skin during aging?

A

Thinning of dermis and epidermis
elasticity of dermis and cross linking
Reduced blood supply to skin
Decreases activity of oil and sweat glands

33
Q

How does muscle strength change with aging?

A

Less muscle strength

Less change in upper extremities

34
Q

How does gender factor into muscle strength loss during aging?

A

Women lose less

35
Q

What happens to human growth hormone during aging?

A

Less is created

36
Q

What happens to muscle fibers during aging?

A

Decrease in number
Decrease in IIb size
Decrease in muscle quality

37
Q

How does muscle blood flow change with aging?

A

Capillarity declines so less blood is able to be used

38
Q

How does the nervous system change during aging?

A

Decline in axons and conduction velocity

Atrophy to nerve cells

39
Q

What is the variability in strength gains?

A

28%-153%

40
Q

What are some adaptions that can be made with resistance training?

A

Muscular hypertrophy

Neural adaptions

41
Q

What is IGF

A

Insulin-like growth factor

Hormone used to induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy

42
Q

What happens to muscular power during aging?

A

Loss of power

43
Q

How should a person train for power?

A

High velocity resistance training

44
Q

Seven dimensions of wellness

A 
Social
Physical
Emotional
Spiritual 
Environmental 
Occupational 
Intellectual
45
Q

What does the senior fitness test measure

A 
Lower/upper body strength
Aerobic endurance
Lower/upper body flexibility
Agility
Balance and coordination

ESH 201 (2 decks)

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