Exam 2 Flashcards
What is the average height loss per decade?
1 cm
Accelerates after 60
What is the gender difference in height loss?
Females lose more
Why do females lose more height?
Hormones Diet Weight Difference in physical activity Osteoporosis prevalence
Why does height loss happen?
Vertebral compression
Changes in height and shape of intervertebral discs
Loss of muscle tone
Postural slump
What are the changes in weight associated with aging?
Weight begins to decline after age 50
Biggest indicator of mortality risk is weight loss
What are the factors responsible for weight loss during aging?
Selective survival of healthy weight and population
Low obesity prevalence in the cohort
Aging process
Higher frequency of disease
What are changes in BMI in relation to aging?
Little changes
Same weight but more fat and less muscle mass
What is the classification for underweight BMI
What is the desirable BMI
18.5-24.9
What is an overweight BMI
25-29.9
What is the obesity BMI
> 30
What is the association between mortality and BMI
HigH BMI high mortality
What are the height changes associated with aging?
Height loss starts around 40
Both genders lose about 3-4% of their original height
What are changes associated with body comp during the aging process? The
Same body weight but different composition
What are the factors that impact body comp with aging?
Genetic Aging Diet Disease Physical activity participation
Fat mass during aging
Increases
Fat free mass during aging
Decreases
Physically weaker
What is the effect aerobic training has on body comp during aging?
Decreases fat mass
Not effective in increasing fat free mass
What effect does resistance training have on body comp while aging?
Lose fat mass
Increase fat free mass
What is the effect of aging on bones?
Bone loss is greater than bone gain after 40
What factors influence bone health
Hormones Diet Physical activity Body weight Gender Ethnicity
What factors contribute to frequent bone fractures during aging?
Decreases bone mass Lifestyle Genetics Age Inverse relationship with BMI
What is osteoporosis
Low bone mass
Poor structural quality of the bone
Weak bones
Loss of bone mass
Osteoporosis where you lose 3-7% per year for 5 years after menopause
Type 1
Osteoporosis which occurs in both genders
May develop eat any age
Type 2
Why is flexibility important?
Range of motion Injury prevention Strain on other joint structures Balance Posture Quality of life
Risk factors of osteoporosis
Age Gender Body size Ethnicity Family history Hormonal levels Diet
Arthritis that is an inflammatory condition
Rheumatoid arthritis
Arthritis that is a degenerative disease
Osteoarthritis
What are risk factors of osteoarthritis?
>40-50 Gender Family history Higher body weight Physical inactivity Strenuous physical activity Muscle weakness
Effects of exercise of osteoarthritis
Not a huge impact on the actual disease Improves function Less stress on the joints Weight loss Decreases pain General benefits of physical activity l
What changes occur in skin during aging?
Thinning of dermis and epidermis
elasticity of dermis and cross linking
Reduced blood supply to skin
Decreases activity of oil and sweat glands
How does muscle strength change with aging?
Less muscle strength
Less change in upper extremities
How does gender factor into muscle strength loss during aging?
Women lose less
What happens to human growth hormone during aging?
Less is created
What happens to muscle fibers during aging?
Decrease in number
Decrease in IIb size
Decrease in muscle quality
How does muscle blood flow change with aging?
Capillarity declines so less blood is able to be used
How does the nervous system change during aging?
Decline in axons and conduction velocity
Atrophy to nerve cells
What is the variability in strength gains?
28%-153%
What are some adaptions that can be made with resistance training?
Muscular hypertrophy
Neural adaptions
What is IGF
Insulin-like growth factor
Hormone used to induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy
What happens to muscular power during aging?
Loss of power
How should a person train for power?
High velocity resistance training
Seven dimensions of wellness
Social Physical Emotional Spiritual Environmental Occupational Intellectual
What does the senior fitness test measure
Lower/upper body strength Aerobic endurance Lower/upper body flexibility Agility Balance and coordination
