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Med Con 2 Kelly > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hiatal Hernia

A

enlargement of cardiac sphincter

stomach protrudes into opening into thoracic cavity

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2
Q

Gastrointestinal reflux disease

GERD

A

inflammation of esophagus

result of irritating fluids

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3
Q

Varices

A

dilation of veins in lower 1/3 of esophagus
result of liver disease
vesicles progress > varies form and can rupture

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4
Q

Acute gastritis

A

inflammation of stomach lining

in conjunction with serious illness, stress or NSAID use

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5
Q

Risk factors of acute gastritis

A

> 65 years old
hx of ulcer disease
using NSAIDs >3months
high dose multiple NSAIDs

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6
Q

S/s of Varices

A

painless but massive hematemesis w/ or w/o melena

postural tachycardia w/ shock

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7
Q

s/s of acute gastritis

A 
epigastric pain
feeling of abdominal distention
appetite loss
nausea
Occult (lead to bleeds)
heart burn, low grade fever, vomit
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8
Q

s/s of chronic gastritis

A

possibly asymptomatic
indigestion after eating
intrinsic factor not present

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9
Q

Peptic Ulcer disease (PUD)

A

break in gastric mucosa or duodenal mucosa
caused by gastritis
duodenal most common

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10
Q

Which patients are most likely to contract peptic ulcer disease?

A

patients in the ICU with BURNS

this is because the lining of the stomach requires oxygen and the burns have caused damage and severe lack of O2

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11
Q

Most common cause of peptic ulcer disease

A

H. pylori infection

also in gastric cancer

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12
Q

S/s of peptic ulcer

A

epigastric pain (burning gnawing cramping aching)
occurs in lasting waves lasting several minutes
may radiate to the back
nausea
appetite loss and weight loss

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13
Q

Gastric cancer

A

adenocarcinoma >90% of all stomach tumors

Chronic h. pylori infection is strong risk factor

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14
Q

Risk factors for gastric cancer

A 
type A blood
gastric polups
gastric surgery
dietary consumption of smoked meats and fish
duodenal reflux
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15
Q

S/s of gastric cancer

A

epigastric or back pain
dark gray brown leathery areas of the skin (in the folds)
noticeable palpation of LEFT supraclavicular lymph nodes
edema on left

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16
Q

Virchow’s

A

noticeable palpation of the L suprclavicular lymph node

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17
Q

Paraneoplastic acanthosis

A

dark gray brown leathery areas of the skin

usually in the folds of the skin

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18
Q

Auto immune disorders

A

productions of antibodies to an endogenous antigen

no explicitly known etiology

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19
Q

A chronic muscle pain syndrome

not considered a disease

A

Fibromyalgia

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20
Q

diffuse fibrosis, degenerative changes, vascular abnormalities of the skin are all symptoms of this…?

A

Scleroderma

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21
Q

chronic inflammatory connective tissue disorder of unknown cause

A

SLE (lupus)

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22
Q

Fibromyalgia symptoms

A 
multiple tender points and muscle pain
disturbed sleep
morning fatigue and stiff
agg. with stress, emotion, temp
chronic headaches***
dysmennorhea 
exercise intolerance
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23
Q

Symptoms of Scleroderma

A 
Calcinosis
Raynauds - blanching, cyanosis
Esophageal dysmobility 
Sclerodactyly - constrict tendons
Telangiectasia - dilated capillaries
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24
Q

Symptoms of Lupus

A 
Arthritis 
arthralgias 
headaches, siezures, psychosis, cranial or peripheral neuropathy 
Digital vasiculitis 
malar rash
discoid lesions
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25
Q

discoid lesions

A

raised red scaling lesions on face neck or chest

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26
Q

digital vasculitis

A

brown splinters under nails

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27
Q

Diagnosis of lupus

A 
Must have 4 of the following:
red malaria rash
sensitivity to sunlight
mouth sores
joint inflammation
kidney dysfunction
Low WBC, RBC
Positive ANA
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28
Q

Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia

A

following 3 conditions are met:
widespread pain index
symptoms present >3 months
no other explanation for pain

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29
Q

Gout

A

rheumatic or metabolic disease
acute or chronic arthritis from hyperuricemic body fluids

deposits in joints

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30
Q

Ankylosis spondylitis

A

inflammation of axial skeleton and larger peripheral joints

males have SIJ presentation
NOT in fingers or toes

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31
Q

Psoriatic arthritis

A

rheumatoid like arthritis associated with psoriasis of the skin

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32
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

chronic systemic disorder

affects synovial membrane and articular cartilage

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33
Q

Symptoms of Gout

A

deposits in the joints

patients MUST NOT weight bear

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34
Q

S/S of Ankylosis spondylitis

A

insidious onset of low back pain, hip pain
decreased chest excursion
decreased spinal mobility

increased kyphosis, vertebral fusion

bamboo spine

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35
Q

S/s of Rheumatoid arthritis

A 
marginal boney erosion 
problems sleeping
chest pain eye discharge 
calcification at elbows
takes longer than 30 min to relieve stiffness
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36
Q

Common signs of gastrointestinal disorders

A 
nausea and vomiting
diarrhea
anorexia
constipation 
dysphagia
Achalasia 
heart burn and abdominal pain
37
Q

Botulism

A

results of ingestion of neurotoxin

38
Q

S/S of Botulism

A

bloody diarrhea, dehydration
weight loss, fever, nausea
abdominal pain,

Weakness, parasthesia, cranial nerve palsy***

39
Q

C diff

A

replaces normal GI flora, releases toxins damaging intestinal mucosa

40
Q

S/s of C diff

A

voluminous watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps

tenderness, fever

41
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome

A

NO INFLAMMATION
abnormal intestinal contractions
increased GI sensitivity

42
Q

Inflammatory bowel disease

A

Crohns or Ulcerative colitis

inflammation in the GI tract (vary depending on type)

43
Q

Diverticulitis S/s

A

pain in left quadrant or mid abdominal
refers to back or pelvis
alternating constipation and diarrhea, increased flatus, anemia, bloody stools

44
Q

cyotoxic reaction to exogenous conditions

A

Type II Hypersensitivity

45
Q

antibody antigen complex causing vasculitis

A

Type III Hyper sensitivity

46
Q

Delayed hypersensitivity caused by contact dermatitis

A

Type IV hypersensitivity

47
Q

Primary symptoms of neoplasms of the esophagus

A

dysphagia without pain (heartburn when laying down)

48
Q

primary sign of peptic ulcer

A

epigastric pain (burning, gnawing, cramping)

49
Q

Steatorrhea

A

oily stool

possibly a symptom in malabsorption

50
Q

Malabsorption syndromes

A 
celiacs
cystic fibrosis
crohns disease
chronic pancreatitis 
short gut syndrome
51
Q

rigid board abdomen with positive blumberg sign
due to infection
inflammation of lining

A

Peritonitis

52
Q

enlarged prostate cells causing pressure on urethra

A

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

53
Q

BPH S/s

A

progress to UTI

hydroureter or hydronephrosis

54
Q

hydroureter

A

so much pressure on the urethra that you lose that ability to push urine out

55
Q

hydronephrosis

A

urine backs up into kidney and enlarges kidney

causes damage and death

56
Q

most common cancer in males, high fat diets, issues with urinary output, asymptomatic

A

prostate cancer

57
Q

most common cancer in YOUNG males

A

testicular cancer

58
Q

S/s of testicular cancer

A

initially painless
enlargement of testicles
lumbar pain
METS in lungs may cause cough and dyspnea

59
Q

inflammation of prostate

A

prostatitis

60
Q

differences between acute and chronic prostatitis

A

acute: sudden, abdominal pain, scrotal pain, FEVER, infection
chronic: similar but w/o fever, flare ups

61
Q

testicular torsion

A

abnormal twisting of spermatic cord in testes route
heavy lifting
medical emergency

62
Q

endometriosis

A

lining of the uterus grows outside of it

painful, inflammation, infertility

63
Q

S/s of ovarian cancer

A

silent disease
abdominal bloating, discomfort
flatulence and gastritis
abnormal vaginal bleeding, leg pain, pelvic pain, LBP

64
Q

uterine fibroids

A

noncancerous growths inside the uterine itself

65
Q

uterine cancer

A

most common cancer of reproductive organs

risks: HTN and diabetes

66
Q

S/s of uterine cancer

A

abnormal bleeding

LE swelling

67
Q

cervical cancer

A

HPV risk factor

bowel and bladder dysfunction

68
Q

Fibrocystic disease

A

lumps in or around the breast tissue
bilateral pain and tenderness
- especially during menstruation

69
Q

most common female cancer

A

breast cancer

70
Q

S/s of breast cancer

A

painless lump
dimpling or retraction of breast tissue
nipple discharge
palpable axillary lymphnodes

71
Q

ovarian cystic disease

A

cysts in the ovary that can rupture and cause intense abdominal pain
painful urination, bowels, and intercourse

72
Q

Polycystic ovary disease

A

enlarged ovaries containing fluids
obesity risk factor
(facial factors i.e. acne, hair)
dysmenorrhea

73
Q

type of ectopic pregnancy that results in child outside the uterine cavity

A

Tubal pregnancy

medical emergency

74
Q

S/s of ectopic pregnancy

A

possible kehrs sign
irregular bleeding
pelvic pain

75
Q

Pancreas functions (2 types)

A

exocrine: produce digestion fluids
endocrine: secrete glucagon and insulin

76
Q

Functions of Gallbladder

A

holds/ expels bile

77
Q

S/s of liver disease

A 
R quadrant pain
R shoulder pain
R pain in general
Ascites
light stools
dark urine
78
Q

Jaundice

A

damage to liver
hyperbilirubene
excessive bilirubin >.1 -1
yellow color to skin and eyes

79
Q

Ascites

A

portal hypertension
venous return isn’t going to the liver
big belly
SOB with pressure on lungs

80
Q

possible complications associated with ascites

A

pneumonia

peritonitis

81
Q

Hep A

A

Arby’s

restaurants / not washing hands

82
Q

Hep B

A

Bangin

STD

83
Q

Hep C

A

Crack

drugs and needles

84
Q

Hep D

A

“super whore wants the D”

worse version of B

85
Q

Hep E

A

Ecoli

contaminated water

86
Q

Hep G

A

in Africa

87
Q

We get a vaccination for all Heps except?

A

Hep C

88
Q

Cirrhosis is associated with

A

prolonged ETOH use

89
Q

portal hypertension

A

venous system complications
dark urine
light feces

Med Con 2 Kelly (3 decks)

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