Exam 2

Question 1

Socii (Allies)

Answer 1

• Early Republic
• Rome
• Alliances Rome made with outside areas to spread Roman culture, but systems starts to gall appear because they can’t handle the size of it. So they begin to develop the Republic.
• These alliances helped to prevent warfare, a benefit for the other countries because certain citizenship was established.

Question 2

Trireme

Answer 2

• Republic
• Rome
• Boat powered by slaves, design came from Greece, romans stole a boat from the Carthaginians, dismantled it to see how it was built.
• When slaves were freed it gave power to the navy and Rome became very strong.

Question 3

Hannibal Barca

Answer 3

• 219
• Carthaginian general during the second Punic war.
• Won a lot of battles against Rome, Carthage was forced to surrender to Rome and became an allied country

Question 4

Consul

Answer 4

• Republic?
• Rome
• Highest level of political office to be held. The head of the military and held imperium. (patricians)
• Warlords begin to take over, and the systems flaws come out.

Question 5

Optimates

Answer 5

• Early Republic?
• Rome
• People who want reforms, but preserve the rights of the elites (Patricians)

Question 6

Populares

Answer 6

• Early republic?
• Rome
• Reformers who have interest beyond the rights of their own class.

Question 7

Plebian

Answer 7

• Early republic?
• Rome
• Lower class, merchants, traders, farmers etc.

Question 8

Client Armies

Answer 8

• Late Republic
• Rome
• Army that is loyal to the warlords, because the senate is not giving them land for serving in the military, but the warlords make it happen.
• Significant because it shows that warlords are taking power over the republic to do what they want, it is breaking down the system.

Question 9

Pompey

Answer 9

• First Triumvirate, very late republic
• Rome
• General who allies with Caesar and Crassus
• Using each other’s power to become stronger and push over the senate, showing the dismantling over the republic.

Question 10

Caesar

Answer 10

• 106-48BC
• Rome
• General who gained power and popularity with wars and his alliances, forced his way to consul, senate didn’t like him, and they kill him when he starts calling himself a king.
• Warlord forcing the senate’s hand, showing the flaws in the system.

Question 11

Tribune

Answer 11

• Mid republic
• Rome
• Established to help the Plebian class, sacrosanct and veto power,
• Shift in the republic system, giving more power to the lower class.

Question 12

First Triumvirate

Answer 12

• 60-53BC
• Rome
• Pompey, Caesar, Crassus. Allies.

Question 13

Second Triumvirate

Answer 13

• 43-33BC
• Rome
• Three men ruling, Antony, Octavian, Lepidus.
• Resulted in the death of the republic in 27BC

Question 14

Romanization

Answer 14

• Republic
• Rome
• Spreading the Roman culture, known for; self-discipline, sense of duty, pragmatism.

Question 15

Octavian/Augustus

Answer 15

• Second triumvirate
• Rome
• Commander of roman army
• Beats Antony and Cleopatra in 27bc
• Part of consul
• Princeps
• Was pope

Question 16

Arch of Titus

Answer 16

• Flavian dynasty sons, Titus and Domitian rein.
• Rome
• Stone arch built to honor the death of Titus
• Express a visual of roman social hierarchy.

Question 17

Coliseum

Answer 17

• Flavian dynasty sons, Titus and Domitian rein.
• Rome
• Largest amphitheater
• Express a visual of roman social hierarchy

Question 18

Trajan

Answer 18

• 98-117AD
• Rome, but he is an emperor from a province
• Former consul
• Pushed Rome’s borders farther than ever.

Question 19

Hadrian

Answer 19

• 117-138AD
• Rome
• The philhellene emperor, built a wall to protect boarders.
• -shifts from expansion to consolidation.

Question 20

Honestiores

Answer 20

• The republic
• Rome
• Upper class. Senators, equestrians, carioles, army vets. (considered the better people)

Question 21

Humiliores

Answer 21

• The republic
• Rome
• Lower class. Free farmers, tenants, craftsmen, unskilled laborers, merchants, clerks. (worse people)

Question 22

Mystery cults

Answer 22

• Middle Empire
• A secret religious group known for promoting the afterlife

Question 23

Paul of Tarsus

Answer 23

• Middle Empire
• Middle East
• An early Christian preacher that helped spread the gospel
• The spread of Christianity could be applied to anyone.

Question 24

Diocletian

Answer 24

• 3rd century
• Rome
• Stabilized empire for passing the edict on maximum prices, Created the tetrarchy
• Significant bc he is showing a change of reform and recovery after the fail of the Republic.

Question 25

Tetrarchy

Answer 25

• 3rd century
• Rome?
• A system that divided rule among 4 people, stream lined administration of empire.

Question 26

Federati

Answer 26

• 3th century, late empire
• Rome
• Germanic allies that fought for Rome, Rome became dependent on the federati and they began extorting Rome for power, land, money, etc.

Question 27

Edict of Milan

Answer 27

• Constantine’s rein
• Rome
• A law that legalized the worship of Christianity, but did not make it the state religion

Question 28

Heresy

Answer 28

• Late third century, rein of Constantine
• Rome?
• A religious term used to describes someone who deviates from the orthodox doctrinal beliefs

Question 29

Valens

Answer 29

• Late Empire
• Rome?
• Roman emperor known for defeat at Adrianople
• Opened the flood gates for problems in eastern Roman Empire, allows for Germanic tribes to come in.

Question 30

Theodosius

Answer 30

• Late Empire
• Rome
• Last emperor who ruled the united Roman Empire
• Made Christianity the official religion of the state.

Question 31

Huns

Answer 31

• Late Empire
• Came from Eastern Europe
• A steppe tribe that terrorized much of Europe
• Because they pushed the Germanic tribes into Roman territory.

Question 32

Constantinople

Answer 32

• Empire, Constantine’s rein
• Eastern Roman capital city built on the Bosporus
• Known for trade, became wealthier than Rome
• Significant because political power is switching over the east.