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Ocular Pharmacology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

50% Glycerin

A

Hyperosmotic (Oral)
Rapid reduction of elevated IOP in an emergency such as in acute angle closure
CI sulfa allergies
Caution in DM

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2
Q

Proparacaine

A

Anesthetic: ester-linked

MABA – If someone is allergic to proparacaine, give Benoxinate or Tetracaine instead

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3
Q

Atropine

A

Cycloplegic (1% used most often)
Anterior uveitis, posterior synechiae, cycloplegic refraction for suspected accommodative esotropia, occlusion therapy for amblyopia, pupillary dilation, myopia control
20 drops of 1% solution can be FATAL to a child. Use judiciously in Down’s Syndrome Pts

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4
Q

Mannitol

A

Hyperosmotic (IV)
Safe for diabetics
Rapid reduction of elevated IOP in an emergency such as in acute angle closure
CI sulfa allergies

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5
Q

NaFl

A

Vital dye
Highlights intracellular spaces between cells
Minimal uptake into healthy cells
Better for viewing cornea

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6
Q

Benoxinate

A

Anesthetic: ester-linked
PABA
Available only as Fluress

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7
Q

Urea

A

Hyperosmotic (IV)
Rapid reduction of elevated IOP in an emergency such as in acute angle closure
CI sulfa allergies

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8
Q

Tetracaine

A

Anesthetic: ester-linked

PABA

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9
Q

Blink Tears

A

Artificial tears
Mild Dry Eye
Mainly for aqueous deficient or nonspecific dryness

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10
Q

Sodium Chloride

A

Hyperosmotic (Topical OTC)

Treats corneal edema

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11
Q

Rose Bengal

A

Vital dye
Stains dead/devitalized cells AND normal cells
Better for viewing conjunctiva

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12
Q

Scopolamine

A

Cycloplegic
Severe anterior uveitis, treatment of posterior synechiae, cycloplegia, pupillary dilation, substitution for atropine sensitive pts

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13
Q

Cocaine

A

Anesthetic + Mydriatic: indirect acting adrenergic (ester-linked)
Results in mydriasis and vasoconstriction
Blocks Na channels as well as neuronal uptake of NE
Dx of Horner’s (affected eye will not dilate!)
Avoid in pts with systemic HTN

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14
Q

Refresh Optive

A

Artificial tears
Mild Dry Eye
Mainly for aqueous deficient or nonspecific dryness

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15
Q

Lidocaine

A

Anesthetic (injectable or topical): Amide-linked

Indicated for ocular surface anesthesia during ophthalmic procedures

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16
Q

Systane Ultra

A

Artificial tears
Mild Dry Eye
Mainly for aqueous deficient or nonspecific dryness

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17
Q

Lissamine Green

A

Vital dye
Stains dead or devitalized cells only (NOT healthy cells, unlike Rose Bengal)
Better for viewing conjunctiva

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18
Q

Lidoderm

A

Anesthetic (patch): amide-linked

Apply to intact skin for pain of post-herpetic neuralgia

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19
Q

Homatropine

A 
Cycloplegic
Anterior Uveitis (5%), pupillary dilation
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20
Q

EMLA Cream

A

Anesthetic: amide-linked

Cream used for post-herpetic neuralgia or pre-op for removing benign skin lesions

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21
Q

Lidocaine Hydrochloride

A

Anesthetic: amide-linked
Tissue infiltration: benign lid excision, chalazion excision, treatment of trichiasis w/ argon laser photocoagulation Facial nerve block Retrobulbar nerve block

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22
Q

Cyclopentolate

A

Cycloplegic
Mild anterior uveitis, drug of choice for cycloplegic refraction
More CNS effects than Atropine

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23
Q

Epinephrine

A

Used in conjunction with anesthetics

Prolongs drug duration by causing vasoconstriction, which decreases systemic absorption and bleeding

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24
Q

Tropicamide

A

Cycloplegic

Drug of choice for pupillary dilation

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25
Q

Tea Tree Oil

A

Lid hygiene

Used for Demodex

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26
Q

Refresh PM Ointment

A 
Artificial tears (ointment)
Apply before bed; can blur vision
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27
Q

OcuSOFT, Systane Lid Wipes, Blink Lid-Clean

A

Lid hygiene

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28
Q

Lacrisert

A

Used for treatment of dry eye

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29
Q

Blink contacts

A

Artificial tears–good for CL wearers

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30
Q

Systane Night Time

A 
Artificial tears (ointment)
Apply before bed; can blur vision
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31
Q

Refresh Contacts

A

Artificial tears–good for CL wearers

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32
Q

FreshKote

A

Treats Fuch’s corneal dystrophy, Recurrent Corneal Erosions (RCE), Epithelial Basement Membrane Dystrophy (EBMD) – pulls water out of the cornea and moves cells closer together

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33
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Miotic
Treatment of POAG, Pigmentary dispersion glaucoma, Acute angle closure glaucoma
Diagnose Aides Tonic Pupil: the sphincter with be hypersensitive and will constrict when 0.125% is administered

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34
Q

Refresh Redness Relief (Phenylephrine 0.12%)

A

Anti-Allergy: Decongestant
Agonize adrenergic receptors present in conjunctival blood vessels resulting in constriction
Relief of red eye redness – provide only palliative relief

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35
Q

Restasis

A

Immunomodulator/immunosuppressant

Best used in pts with inflammatory dry eye syndrome

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36
Q

Pilopine HS gel

A

Miotic
Treatment of POAG, Pigmentary dispersion glaucoma, Acute angle closure glaucoma
Diagnose Aides Tonic Pupil: the sphincter with be hypersensitive and will constrict when 0.125% is administered

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37
Q

Doxycycline, Minocycline

A

Great for rosacea, MGD, RCE and reducing K scarring

Anti-inflammatory properties

38
Q

Phenergan

A

Anti-allergy: oral antihistamine
First generation
Treatment of allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis

39
Q

Ocusert Pilocarpine

A

Miotic
Treatment of POAG, Pigmentary dispersion glaucoma, Acute angle closure glaucoma
Diagnose Aides Tonic Pupil: the sphincter with be hypersensitive and will constrict when 0.125% is administered
Zero order kinetics

40
Q

Amniotic Membranes: ProKera, AmbioDisk, BioDOptix

A

Used for non-healing or slow-healing epithelial defects

Stored in ciprofloxacin, amphotericin B so be careful of allergies to anti-fungals or fluoroquinolones

41
Q

Clear Eyes (Naphazoline)

A

Anti-Allergy: Decongestant
Agonize adrenergic receptors present in conjunctival blood vessels resulting in constriction
Relief of red eye redness – provide only palliative relief

42
Q

Visine (Tetrahydrozoline)

A

Anti-Allergy: Decongestant
Agonize adrenergic receptors present in conjunctival blood vessels resulting in constriction
Relief of red eye redness – provide only palliative relief

43
Q

Mucomyst

A

Anti-allergy: breaks down mucoid component of mucous plaques
Treatment of thick mucus secretions in various lung problems Used off label to break down mucus plaques in severe dry eye, severe allergies and HZV

44
Q

Benadryl

A

Anti-allergy: oral antihistamine
First generation
Treatment of allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis

45
Q

Visine L.R. (Oxymetazoline)

A

Anti-Allergy: Decongestant
Agonize adrenergic receptors present in conjunctival blood vessels resulting in constriction
Relief of red eye redness – provide only palliative relief

46
Q

Tavist

A

Anti-allergy: oral antihistamine
First generation
Treatment of allergic rhinitis

47
Q

Chlor-Trimeton

A

Anti-allergy: oral antihistamine
First generation
Treatment of allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis

48
Q

Dimetapp Allergy

A

Anti-allergy: oral antihistamine
First generation
Only mildly sedating
Treatment of allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis

49
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Mydriatic: direct acting adrenergic antagonist
No cycloplegic effect
Treatment of red eye, break posterior synechiae, causes palpebral widening, differentiates scleritis from episcleritis
Diagnosis of Horner’s syndrome:
If mydriasis occurs: post-ganglionic
If no mydriasis: central or pre-ganglionic

50
Q

Zyrtec

A

Anti-allergy: oral antihistamine
Second generation
Treatment of allergic rhinitis

51
Q

Allegra

A

Anti-allergy: oral antihistamine
Second generation
Treatment of allergic rhinitis

52
Q

Claritin

A

Anti-allergy: oral antihistamine
Second generation
Treatment of allergic rhinitis

53
Q

Clarinex

A

Anti-allergy: oral antihistamine
Second generation
Treatment of allergic rhinitis

54
Q

Paremyd

A

Mydriatic: indirect acting adrenergic antagonist
Hydroxyamphetamine + tropicamide
Stimulates release of NE and inhibits NE reuptake
No cycloplegic effect
Diagnosis of Horner’s syndrome:
If mydriasis occurs: central or pre-ganglionic
If no mydriasis: post-ganglionic

55
Q

Emadine

A

Anti-allergy: topical antihistamine
Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
Short term relief of acute symptoms

56
Q

Vasocon-A

A

Anti-allergy: topical antihistamine + decongestant
Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
Antazoline phosphate + naphazoline

57
Q

Naphcon-A

A

Anti-allergy: topical antihistamine + decongestant
Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
Pheniramine maleate + naphazoline

58
Q

Visine-A

A

Anti-allergy: topical antihistamine + decongestant
Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
Pheniramine maleate + naphazoline

59
Q

Opcon-A

A

Anti-allergy: topical antihistamine + decongestant
Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
Pheniramine maleate + naphazoline

60
Q

Cocaine

A

Mydriatic: indirect acting adrenergic agonist
Inhibits reuptake of NE
Diagnosis of Horner’s syndrome:
Affected pupil does not dilate to 10% cocaine
Deep topical anesthesia

61
Q

Alamast

A

Anti-allergy: mast cell stabilizer
Treatment of chronic allergic conjunctivitis
Takes 5-14 days for full effect

62
Q

Alocril

A

Anti-allergy: mast cell stabilizer
Treatment of chronic allergic conjunctivitis
Takes 5-14 days for full effect

63
Q

Alomide

A

Anti-allergy: mast cell stabilizer
Treatment of VKC
Takes 5-14 days for full effect

64
Q

Crolom

A

Anti-allergy: mast cell stabilizer
Treatment of VKC
Takes 5-14 days for full effect

65
Q

Optivar

A

Anti-allergy: dual action drug
Antihistamine + mast cell stabilizer
Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
Pregnancy category C

66
Q

Elestat

A

Anti-allergy: dual action drug
Antihistamine + mast cell stabilizer
Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
Pregnancy category C

67
Q

Bepreve

A

Anti-allergy: dual action drug
Antihistamine + mast cell stabilizer
Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
Pregnancy category C

68
Q

Hydroxyamphetamine

A

Mydriatic: indirect acting adrenergic antagonist
Stimulates release of NE and inhibits NE reuptake
No cycloplegic effect
Diagnosis of Horner’s syndrome:
If mydriasis occurs: central or pre-ganglionic
If no mydriasis: post-ganglionic

69
Q

Patanol

A

Anti-allergy: dual action drug
Antihistamine + mast cell stabilizer
Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
Pregnancy category C

70
Q

Pataday

A

Anti-allergy: dual action drug
Antihistamine + mast cell stabilizer
Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
Pregnancy category C

71
Q

Pazeo

A

Anti-allergy: dual action drug
Antihistamine + mast cell stabilizer
Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
Pregnancy category C

72
Q

Lastacaft

A

Anti-allergy: dual action drug
Antihistamine + mast cell stabilizer
Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
Pregnancy category B (better for pregnant women!)

73
Q

Alaway/Zaditor/TheraTears Allergy Itch Relief

A

Anti-allergy: dual action drug
Antihistamine + mast cell stabilizer
Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
Pregnancy category C

74
Q

Acular (Ketorolac 0.5%)

A

Anti-allergy: NSAID
Relief of itching due to seasonal allergic conjunctivitis
Blocks the COX pathway to prevent inflammatory mediators
Increase the sensitivity threshold of nerve endings to help alleviate itching

75
Q

Acular LS (Ketorolac 0.4%)

A

Anti-allergy: NSAID
Relief of itching due to seasonal allergic conjunctivitis
Blocks the COX pathway to prevent inflammatory mediators
Increase the sensitivity threshold of nerve endings to help alleviate itching

76
Q

Acuvail (Ketorolac 0.45%)

A

Anti-allergy: NSAID
Relief of itching due to seasonal allergic conjunctivitis
Blocks the COX pathway to prevent inflammatory mediators
Increase the sensitivity threshold of nerve endings to help alleviate itching

77
Q

Alrex (Loteprednol 0.2%)

A

Anti-allergy: steroid

Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis (moderate to severe), especially if the cornea is affected

78
Q

Lotemax (Loteprednol 0.5%)

A

Anti-allergy: steroid
Indicated for post-op inflammation, used off label for moderate to severe allergic conjunctivitis, especially if the cornea is involved

79
Q

Fluoromethalone

A

Anti-allergy: steroid
Indicated for post-op inflammation, used off label for moderate to severe allergic conjunctivitis, especially if the cornea is involved

80
Q

Prednisolone Acetate

A

Anti-allergy: steroid
Indicated for post-op inflammation, used off label for moderate to severe allergic conjunctivitis, especially if the cornea is involved

81
Q

Veramyst, Nasacort (Triamcinolone acetonide)

A

Anti-allergy: steroid

Treatment of allergic rhinitis and off label for ocular allergies

82
Q

Flonase (Fluticasone propionate)

A

Anti-allergy: steroid

Treatment of allergic rhinitis and off label for ocular allergies

83
Q

Prednisone

A

Anti-allergy: steroid

Treatmment of systemic allergic reactions (poison ivy, hypersensitivity rxns to oral meds)

84
Q

Singulair

A

Anti-allergy
Blocks leukotrienes, preventing bronchoconstriction and chemotaxis
Treatment of asthma, bronchoconstriction, and allergic rhinitis

85
Q

Restasis

A

Anti-allergy
Immunomodulator that inhibits activation/proliferation of T cells
Treatment of inflammatory dry eye, used off label for chronic allergies

86
Q

Rev-Eyes

A

Mydriolytic: adrenergic antagonist
Reverses effects of mydriatics
Causes miosis, conjunctival injection, and ptosis
Treatment of angle closure glaucoma

87
Q

Systane contacts

A

Artificial tears–good for CL wearers

88
Q

Systane balance

A 
Artificial tears (lipid based)
Good for MGD
89
Q

Refresh optive advanced

A 
Artificial tears (lipid based)
Good for MGD
90
Q

Soothe XP

A 
Artificial tears (lipid based)
Good for MGD

Ocular Pharmacology (2 decks)

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