Exam #2 Flashcards
Plasma Membrane
serves as a barrier between internal and external environment
Nucleus
Keeps DNA molecules separated from metabolic machinery of cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Site of translation (where proteins are assembled)
ER - Rough
Processes proteins, makes more membrane
ER - Smooth
builds lipids, detoxification, storage
Golgi Body
puts finishing touches on proteins and lipids that arrive from ER. Ships to final destination
Vesicles
Transport material from organelles and plasma membranes, break down waste and toxins
Mitochondria
produce ATP through cellular respiration
Chloroplasts
Converts sunlight energy to ATP through photosynthesis
Cytoskeleton
Function of protein fibers within a cell that define shape and provide strength
Microtubules
hollow cylinders composed of repeating subunits of the protein tubulin. allows movement of cells
microfilaments
comprised of the protein actin, cell shape, rapid assembly, and disassembly.
intermediate filaments
anchor organelles, mechanically strengthen cell, able to resist physical stress
Centrosomes and Centrioles
microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) help with cell division
Cilia and Flagella
Slender and flexible structures functioning in motility, move the cell or material
Glycocalyx
protection, cell-to-cell communication, retain water
Cell wall
Provides support and protection, in plants
Endomembrane system
Infolding of membranes formed compartments
Endosymbiosis
aerobic prokaryotes and photosynthetic prokaryotes were engulfed by other cells
Endosymbiotic evidence
contains own DNA, make own proteins, replicate own way, process own ribosomes, contain 2 membranes
Lysosomes
digest large molecules, used in defense
Vacuoles
Various functions, not in animals
Peroxisomes
can reproduce on their own, not part of endomembrane system.
