Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 1120 > Exam #1 > Flashcards

Exam #1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How is a covalent bond different from an ionic bond?

A

Electrons are shared in a covalent bond, electrons are completely given up in an ionic bond, and oppositely charged ions are attracted to eachother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the difference between a polar and a non-polar bond?

A

In a polar bond, electrons are shared UNEQUALLY, so even though the molecule itself is neutral, there is still a positive and a negative side.
In a non-polar bond, electrons are shared EQUALLY, so there is no charge difference across the molecule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Explain why only polar molecules can form hydrogen bonds.

A

Polar molecules have a charge difference, so the positive of the one side can be attracted to the negative of a different polar bond.

Non-polar bonds have no difference in charge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is an ionic bond different from a hydrogen bond?

A

Ionic bonds completely give up electrons and oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other.
In a hydrogen bond, electrons are shared covalently (polar), then 2 polar covalent molecules attract to other’s opposite charges.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the difference between an organic and inorganic molecule?

A

Organic contain Carbon and Hydrogen, Inorganic may only contain one OR the other, or neither.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a buffer?

A

A substance that is able to resist a change in pH.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q 
List the general order (weakest to strongest) of the following bonds:
\_\_Single Covalent
\_\_Hydrogen
\_\_Triple Covalent
\_\_Ionic
\_\_Double Covalent
A 
3---Single
1---H Bond
5---Triple
2---Ionic
4---Double
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 4 organic macromolecules?

A

Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 4 functions of Carbohydrates?

A
  1. Short-term Energy storage
  2. Long-term Energy Storage
  3. Structure
  4. Communication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 functions of Lipids?

A
  1. Energy storage
  2. Membrane Structure
  3. Cell Communication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 8 functions of Proteins?

A
  1. Structure
  2. Movement
  3. Transport
  4. Chemical messenger
  5. Receptors
  6. Storage (amino acids)
  7. Defensive
  8. Enzymes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 2 functions of Nucleic Acids?

A
  1. Gene Expression

2. Heredity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Carbohydrate:
Structure:______
Bond:_________
Reaction w/ h20:_____

A

S: CHO
B: Polar covalent (or H bond)
h20: hydrophilic (water-soluble)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lipids
Structure:______
Bond:_________
Reaction w/ h20:_____

A

S:CH
B: Non-Polar Covalent
h20: hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Proteins
Structure:______
Bond:_________
Reaction w/ h20:_____

A 
S: Amino Acids
B: primary - hydrogen
    secondary- covalent
    tertiary- All 
   quaternary- All
h20: either
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nucleic Acids
Structure:______
Bond:_________
Reaction w/ h20:_____

A

S: Nucleotides - phosphate, sugar, Nitrogen base
B: Covalent and Hydrogen
h20: Depends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is an Independent Variable?

A

The conditions or factors you set up or manipulate ahead of time.

18
Q

What is a Dependent Variable?

A

The conditions or factors you are measuring.

19
Q

What is the 7 steps to the Scientific Method?

A
  1. Make observations
  2. form a hypothesis
  3. design an experiment
  4. collect data
  5. analyze, interpret, and draw conclusion
  6. determine if hypothesis is supported
  7. re-evaluate hypothesis, if needed
20
Q

What is a controlled variable?

A

Variables that are kept constant throughout the entire experiment.

21
Q

What is a control group?

A

An experimental unit that does not get manipulated.

22
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom that has lost an electron.

23
Q

How many electrons do the first three shells hold?

A

2, 8, 8

24
Q

What is an atomic number?

A

Another name for how many protons and electrons an atom has.

25
Q

In a water molecule what would be the element with the slightly negative charge?

H20

A

Hydrogen

26
Q

What is the specific bond between 2 hydrogen atoms?

A

Single Non-polar covalent bond

27
Q

Where do hydrogen bonds form between nucleotides in DNA?

A

Nitrogen bases

28
Q

What is composed of amino acids?

A

Proteins

29
Q

What is the structure where non-adjacent amino acids are held together with ionic bonds?

A

Tertiary bonds

30
Q

What is composed (usually) of just Carbons and Hydrogen?

A

Lipids

31
Q

Which word should you NOT use to support a hypothesis?

A

“Prove”

32
Q

Define Evolution:

A

The change in genetic composition over time

33
Q

Who created the idea of “Natural Selection” ?

A

Charles Darwin

34
Q

What is Natural Selection?

A

a mechanism in which evolution occurs.

Strong live, Weak die off

35
Q

Define Species:

A

a population whose members interbreed and can produce viable offspring

36
Q

What is a Fossil Record?

A

the appearance of various forms of life in the record mirrors evolutionary relatedness

37
Q

Prokaryotes —–>

A

–> Eukaryotes

38
Q

Unicellular —->

A

–> Multicellular

39
Q

Prezygotic barriers [ What prevented mating throughout evolution?]

A 
Temporal - Timing
Habitat - Same area? 
Behavioral - Not attracted to one another
Mechanical - Parts don't fit
Gametic - Sperm and Egg don't match
40
Q

Postzygotic barriers:

A

The offspring do not survive or are infertile

Biology 1120 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions