Exam 2 Flashcards
Computer Hardware are
electric components that regulate input process output and store data ( according to encoded computer programs or software)
CPU
Central Processing Unit (brain)
ex dual and quad processors
what is Main Memory?
RAM (Random Access Memory)
Server
it is a computer designed to support processing requests from many remote computers and users
what is a server farm?
collection of thousands of servers
how do computers represent data
binary digits (bits)
bytes are
8 bit chunks
I o t (internet of things)
it is the idea that objects are becoming connected to the internet so they can interact with other devices, application or services.
Operating Systems are
programs that controls computer’s resources
Native applications
programs that are written to use a particular OS
aka thick-client applications
Web-application
(aka thin-client application)
they run on computer browsers (ex. Firefox, chrome)
modern-style applications
applications that are touch-screen oriented (windows)
symbian
mobile operating system for Europe and far East
Virtulalization
it is where one physical computer hosts many different virtual computers within it Ex. mac book with windows and apple OS
site license
large organization negotiating a flat fee that authorizes the company to install the product on company’s computers
horizontal-market application
software provides capabilities common across all organizations and industries
Vertical- market applicaiton
software serves needs of a specific industry
GNU
it open source operating system
BYOD policy
bring your own device
firmware
this is computer software that is installed into devices such as printers, print servers, and various communication devices
just-in-time data
data delivered to the user at precise time it is needed
mobile device management software
they install and update software, backup and restore mobile devices, wipe employeesoftware in the event the device is lost or employee leaves the company
volatile vs nonvolitile
volatile means data is lost if power is off
nonvolatile means the contents survive if power is turned off ex optical disks
object oriented
these are languages used to create complex applications
used by professional programmers
PC virtualization
a personal computer hosts several different operating systems
columns are also called
rows are also called
fields
records
Key (aka primary key)
a column or group of columns that identifies a unique row in a table
foreign keys
values of the foreign key match values of the primary key in a different table
relational databases
they are databases that carry data in the form of tables and that represent relationships using foreign keys.
metadata
this data describing data
DBMS
database management system
they create, process and administer a database
ex. Access,SQL,mySQL
SQL
Structured Query Language
it is an international standard language for processing a database.
database application
it is a collection of reports, queries,and application programs that serves as intermediary between users and database data.
data model
before building a database developers construct a logical representation of database data
E R data models
tools for constructing data models (entity-relationship data models)
Entity
they are what you want to track
ex. order, customer salesperson, an item
identifier
it is an attribute (or group of attributes) whose value is associated with only one entity instance
ex. order number, customer number
crow’s feet
shorthand for multiple lines between “departments” and “advisers” (one-to many relationship 1:N)
Normalization
it is the process of converting a poorly structured table into two or more well structured tables
lost update problem
(database application problem)two users update the same data item but only one of those changes is recorded in the data.
maximum cardinality
the maximum number of involved entities that can be involved in a relationship
ex. 1:N N:M 1:1
define the cloud
it is the elastic leasing pooled computer resources over the internet.
what does elastic mean
that the computing resources leased can be increased or decreased dynamically, programmatically, in a short span of time and that organizations pay for just the resources that they use.
how does the cloud pool resources?
different organizations use the same physical hardware; they share the same hardware through virtualization
three types of networks
LAN
WAN (computers connected between two or more separated sites)
internet and internets
Intranet
private internet that is used exclusively within an organization
protocol
a set of rules and data structures for organizing communication
SOHO
small office or Home Office
IEEE 802.3 protocol
used for wired LAN connections (using ethernet)
IEEE 802.11 protocol
Wireless LAN connection
DSL
Digital Subscriber Line
carriers are
large telecommunication providers
ex Sprint AT&T Verizon
difference between Public and Private IP adresses
public identify a particular device on the public internet
Private identify a particular device on a private network
Tree tier architecture includes
- the user Tier
- The server tier
- the database tier
user tier
consists of computers, phones and other mobile devices that have browsers that request and process web pages
database tier
consists of computers that run a DBMS that processes requests to retrieve and store data
server tier
consists of computers that run web servers and process application programs
SOA
Service-Oriented Architecture
it is a design philosophy that dictates that all interactions among computing devices are defined as services in a formal, standardized way.
TCP/IP protocol architecture
has five layers
one or more protocols are defined for each layer
smtp
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
ftp
File Transfer Protocol
ex Microsoft Onedrive
SaaS
Software as a service
provide infrastructure, operating system and application programs
ex. iCloud, Office 365
PaaS
Platform as a Service
vendors provide hosted computers, an operating system, and possibly a DBMS
ex. Microsoft Azure
IaaS
Infrastructure as a Service
the cloud hosting bare server computer of data storage
ex. Amazon S3 (simple storage service)
Content Delivery Network
is a system of hardware and software that stores user data in many different geographical locations and makes data available on demand
Virtual Private cloud
it is a subset of a public cloud that has highly restricted, secure access
commerce server
it is an application program that runs on server tier computer
it retrieve product data from database, manages the items in a shopping cart and coordinated the checkout process
differences between structured processes and dynamic processes
structured processes support operational and managerial processes but dynamic support strategic
Ex. Structured: Customer Returns
Dynamic: collaboration
what are the levels processes are used in
workgroup, enterprise, inter-enterprise
ex of workgroup
doctor’s office
what is a workgroup IS
they support one or more processes within the workgroup
workgroup IS are also called
functional information systems
Enterprise processes are
span an organization and support activities in multiple departments
characteristics of Enterprise IS
100-1000+ users
eliminates workgroup data duplication
difficult to change
Inter-enterprise
they span two or more independent organizations.
characteristics Inter-enterprise IS
supports one or more inter-enterprise processes
1000+ users
can resolve problems of duplicated enterprise data
very difficult to change
Process efficiency
a measure of the ratio of process outputs to inputs
process effectiveness
is a measure of how well a process achieves organizational strategy
How can a process be improved?
change the process structure
change the process resources
change both process structure and resources
How can IS improve process quality?
performing an activity
Augmenting a human who is performing an activity
controlling data quality and process flow
Information silo
it is a condition when data are isolated in separated information systems
What is the problem of Information Silos?
when an org. has inconsistent duplicated data then your problem is data integrity.
business process reengineering
altering existing and designing new business processes to take advantage of the new capabilities of new information systems.
what are CRM systems
customer relationship management
applications, database and set of inherent processes for managing all interactions with the customer
customer life cycle includes
marketing
customer acquisition
relationship management
loss/churn
ERP
Enterprise Resource Planning
a suite of applications called modules, a database and a set of inherent processes for consolidating business operations into one platform.
EAI
Enterprise Application Integration
software that integrates existing systems by providing layers of software to connect the applications together
EAI does the following
- connects system’s “Islands” via a new layer of software/system
- allows existing applications to communicate and share data
- leverages existing systems
- allows for a gradual move to ERP
elements of an ERP system
hardware ERP application Programs ERP databases Business Process Procedures Training and consulting
types of program code for database
trigger- keeps database consistent
stored procedure- used to enforce business rules
