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COM 160 TEST > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Postal Act of 1879

A

Assigned magazines to lower postal rates
Reduced distribution costs
35 cents to 10 cents
More people could now afford magazines

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2
Q

Why/How magazines increased their readership in the late 1900s

A

WW2 changed readers (more hip)
Woman had more money to spend because they were working now
had more leisure and money to spend

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3
Q

why early colonial magazine readership was low

A

expensive, postage was expensive & not organized making distribution difficult, not many people were literate

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4
Q

what muckrakers were

A

American journalists, novelists and critics who attempted to expose the abuse of business and politics

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5
Q

why photojournalism was so important in the 19th century

A

it finally gave readers a better idea of injustices occurring at the time

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6
Q

famous muckraker

A

W.E.B. Dubois, founded and edited “Crisis” as the voice of the National Association of the Advancement of Colored People

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7
Q

why women magazines were important in the 19th century

A

played a role in educating women
employed women- “how to” for homemakers
women suffrage movement (right to vote)

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8
Q 
trade professional 
(type of magazine text)
A

carry stories, features and ads aimed at people in SPECIFIC PROFESSIONS and are distributed either by the professional organizations themselves or by media companies
(food processing, teaching, beverage industry)

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9
Q

brand

type of magazine text

A

Consumer magazines published by a retail business for readers having demographic characteristics similar to those consumers with whom it typically does business with
(life time, walmart)

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10
Q 
split run 
(type of magazine text)
A

special versions of a given issue of a magazine in which editorial content and ads vary according to some specific demographic or regional grouping (different ad will be given to US and Canada for the same product)

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11
Q

controlled circulation

A

a magazine provided at no cost to readers who meet some specific set of advertiser-attractive criteria
(free air line and hotel magazines)
also called qualified circulation, ex: doctor getting free subscription to ‘health’

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12
Q

circulation

A

the total number of issues of a magazine that are sold

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13
Q

pass along readership

A

measure meant of publication readers who neither subscribe nor buy single copies but who borrow a copy or read one in a doctors office, store etc.

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14
Q

how magazine circulation is calculated

A

RESEARCH, under increasing attack, readership.com in the works, AAM (alliance for audited media)

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15
Q

strengths and limitations of online magazines

A

strengths: offers online content online, instant feedback and competition
limitations: people pay more attention to hard copies, loyalty to hard copies

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16
Q

magalouge

A

designer catalog produced to look like a consumer magazine

ex: abercrombie and fitch (models wear for-sale designer clothes)

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17
Q

complementary copy

A

content that reinforces the message, it is honest and truthful but will help the advertiser

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18
Q

ad-pull polices

A

the demand for an advance review of magazine content, with the threat of pulled advertising if dissatisfied with the content

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19
Q

advertorials

A

looks like magazine content but it is advertising. useful and truthful information. magazine articles or sections created by one or more advertiser. ex: bahamas sponsor ad in Traveler

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20
Q

most important thing taken from lecture

A

advertisers influence magazine content

advertisers pay for you to read magazines

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21
Q

Marconi’s contributions

A

“Father of radio”
saw radio as a device for point to point communications
developed telegraphy transmitted across the English Channel and Atlantic
first to send signals through the air

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22
Q

Deforest

A

Audion tube: amplified radio reception (wireless)

saw radio as a means of broadcasting

23
Q

Edison

A

developed a “talking machine”, which was a cylinder that produced sound

24
Q

Berliner’s

A

Decoded (reversed) and played back what was recorded on his grammophone (solved Edison’s problem)
Developed a sophisticated microphone and import from Europe of records by famous opera stars

25
Q

audion tube and importance

A

detects signals that are in the air then amplifies them into something that is going over the waves so that we could hear them

26
Q

strengths and limitations of AM and FM

A

strengths: FM signals are wider and better quality, AM signals travel further
limitations: AM serves fewer listeners and has poor sound, many FM stations are non commercial

27
Q

Why format radio started

A

stations learned that a highly specialized specific audience of particular interest to certain advertisers could be attracted with specific types of music (making genres)

28
Q

why the gov created RCA

A

Radio Corporation of America

avoided direct government control of the new medium

29
Q

1910

A

WIRELESS SHIP ACT

Requires that all ships using US ports and carrying more than 50 passengers have a working and wireless operator

30
Q

1912

A

RADIO ACT

  • After the titanic sank, this strengthened the shipboard wireless rules and that wireless operators be licensed by the secretary of Commerce and Labor
  • act failed because the gov was too involved and radio profits dropped. listeners were tired of the chaos, stations changing, and interference of stations often done on purpose
31
Q

1927

A

order was restored and industry prospered
authorized them to use the channels, which belonged to the public but not to own them. broadcasters were caretakers of the airwaves.
Federal Radio Commission established to administer the provisions of the act. 1) broadcasters who granted licenses to serve a local arena must accept regulation. 2) broadcasting reaches everyone in society, it ensures power.
Commissions Act of 1834 replaces the 1927 legislation. Substitutes the FCC for the FRC and cemented its regulatory authority

32
Q

What affiliates are

A

groups of stations

broadcasting station that aligns itself with networks

33
Q

first radio network

A

nbc?

34
Q

difference between 45, 78 and 33 rpm (revolutions per minute) records

A

45: bigger holes in the middle, had an adapter, good for jukebox playing
78: smaller hole, died out eventually
33: long playing record, 20 minutes on each side

35
Q

Napster

A

internet based software program that enabled computer users to share and swap files, specifically through music through a centralized file server
- federal court injunction forced Napster to shut down operations in Feb 2001

36
Q

open source

A

-

37
Q

What bitcasting is

A

online radio stations

38
Q

who are the biggest recording companies and how much do they own

A

90 percent overall
SONY 23%
WARNER MUSIC GROUP 15%
UNIVERSAL 36%

39
Q

what is a theory

A

a well supported explanation of natural phenomenon

40
Q

difference between direct effects and limited effect theories

A

limited effects: medias influence is limited by peoples individual differences, social categories and personal relationships

41
Q

what early colonial magazines were like

A

british material, expensive,aimed at a small number of literate colonists, short stories, poetry, social commentary and essays

42
Q

hypodermic needle

A

idea that media is a dangerous drug that can directly enter a person’s system
the powerful media will affect weak audience

43
Q

Symbolic interaction

A

people give meaning to symbols and then those symbols control peoples behavior

44
Q

Reinforcement theory

A

Joesph Klappers idea that medias impact of reinforcement on us
positive consequence- behavior is repeated
negative consequence-not repeated

45
Q

dependence theory

A

media’s power is a function of audience members dependency on the media and their content

46
Q

social cognitive theory

A
  1. memory- link with every image we have ever seen

2. projection- finding recognizable idea that people learn through observation

47
Q

cultural theory

A

meaning and effects are negotiated by media and audience as they interact in the culture

48
Q

cultivation analysis

A

notion that those who spend more time watching TV are more likely to see the ‘real world’ through the TV lense
- more time watching TV, more ones reality is like TV

49
Q

critical cultivation theory

A

media operates primarily to justify and support the status quo at the expense of ordinary people

50
Q

neo marxist theory

A

people are pressed by those who control culture, the superstructure as opposed to the base

51
Q

agenda setting theory

A

media may not tell us what to think but do tell us what to think about it

52
Q

spiral of silence theory

A

people who perceive themselves in the minority on moral issues are less likely to speak out and express opinions
people use “quasi statistical sense” to observe the “climate of opinion”

53
Q

news production research

A

the study of how economic and other influences on the way news is produced distort and bias news coverage toward those in power

COM 160 TEST (2 decks)

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