exam 2 Flashcards
which blood group system is associated with resistance to malaria?
the duffy system
which antibodies are considered cold agglutinins?
I/M/N/P1
which autoantibody specificity is associated with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria and what test that was discussed in lecture is used to detect it?
autoanti-P
Donath-Landsteiner Test
which antigens are destroyed by enzymes and which are enhanced by enzymes?
E: Rh except D and Lewis, i, P
D: MNS, duffy
what procedure might help you distinguish between an anti-Fya and an anti-JKa?
running fiacin treated panel
enhances JKa
destroys Fya
which blood group is produced in the tissues?
lewis
what is the Mcleod phenotype?
absence of Kx Ag
which of the antibodies from the other blood group systems discussed for this exam require the antiglobulin test (AHG) for in vitro detection?
kell duffy kidd MN lutheran Ss
what is the rarest phenotype of the lutheran system?
Lu(a-b-)
which antigen is X-linked?
Xga
which antibody is often found in patients with infectious mono, lymphoproliferative disease, and cold agglutinins?
anti-i
which antibodies are known for causing delayed HTR
kidd
Fy(a-b-) is found primarily in what type of population?
african americans
which antigen is found primarily in South Central and North American Indians and Asians?
dia- diego
Which blood group systems are known for showing dosage?
duffy kidd MN Ss Rh except D
what is the most common atibody seen in the BB besides ABO and Rh antibodies?
anti-K
which blood group antigen increases in strength as a newborn grows older?
little i to I
can a patient with blood group Ss be immunized by genotype SS, Ss, or ss?
no
which antigens are actually WBC antigens that are expressed in variable degrees on red blood cells and can cause confusing reactions in serological test?
Bg
which antigens are well-develope at birth, susceptible to enzymes, and generally saline reactive?
MN
Name 3 most common antibodies that most likely to react at 37C
anti-K
anti-Fya
anti-JKa
what is the most practical manner for preventing transmission of marlaria for blood transfusions?
don’t accept blood from people who have been in a malarial environment
list the reasons a prospective donor might be permanently deferred for donation of blood products?
IV drug usage man on man sex hemophiliac \+ Ab for HIV have had viral hep. clotting disorders/ blood disorders been to africa had malaria
list the reasons a prospective donor might be temporarily deferred and for how long?
lyme disease TB measles, mumps, chicken pox rabies vaccine open heart surgery
can unused autologous be placed in the general supply and used for another patient other than who it was intended ?
no
explain the difference between plasmapheresis, cytapheresis, and plateletpheresis.
plasmapheresis- removal of plasma for donation
cytapheresis- collection of cells
plateletpheresis- collection of platelets
explain the significance of why donor units should be tested for a weak D antigen
D+w should be tested because if weak D is given to a Rh= recipient may elicit an immune response
what are the two terms used to refer to AHG that contains both anti-complement and anti-IgG?
polyspecific
broad spectrum
a transfusion that replaces approximately a patient’s blood volume within a 24 hour period is called what kind of transfusion?
massive transfusion
when a physician signs an order for uncrossmatched blood and accepts full responsibility for the transfusion of such products, this is referred to as _____ ____?
emergency release
why are homozygous cells used for “ruling out”
incase your dealing with an Ab that shows dosage
why are homozygous cells used for “ruling out”
incase your dealing with an Ab that shows dosage
why should a patient’s serum/plasma for compatibility testing be stored?
incase any concerns arise (HTR)
Leukocyte antibodies are usually responsible for what type of transfusion reaction?
febrial
which blood bank test detects in vitro sensitization?
IAT
explain how the shelf life for blood is determined?
need to be 70% viability post transfusion
what is the purpose of the albumin/LISS portion of an antibody screen or crossmatch?
detects IgG Ab’s
a positive DAT would give you what kind of information on the patient?
in vivo sensitization
RBC are coated with beta or gamma globulins
a patient that has had multiple transfusions is most likely to have what type of transfusion reaction?
febrial
what does CPDA stand for?
cirtrate- prevents coag. and retards glycolysis
phosphate- prevents excessive drop in pH
dextrose- used for glycolysis
adenine- supplies substrate from which RBC can synthesize ATP
how often should a new recipient sample be collected if a series of transfusions are to be administered over a period of several days?
every 3 days
inceomplete antibodies are usually Ig_?
G
blocking
what does it mean to perform a major crossmatch?
donor cells and recipient plasma
cells are “washed” how many times in an antibody screen?
3
what is the purpose of washing the cells so many times?
prevents neutralization of AHG by the globulins
what is the shelf life of a unit of blood with CPDA-1 as the anticoagulant?
35 days
what is the shelf life of a unit of blood with AS-1 as the anticoagulant?
42 days
what is therapeutic phlebotomy and why is it used? Name two diseases or conditions in which this might be used
phlebotomy is done for medical reasons to help treat patients symptoms
polycythemia
hemochromatosis
porphyria
what type of transfusion is it when a recipient serves as his/her own donor?
autologous
what is the “three in, three out” rule? why is it used?
when doing an Ab panel & you suspect a specific Ab, pick 3 botles of cells that are + for the Ag, 3 bottles that are = test against plasma will confirm Ab, must get expeccted results
Explain an antibody screen: why and when is it done, what are the stages of the screen, what happens if it is positive, and why is there a control?
why-when: detect clinically sig. Ab before transfusing
stages: IS, 37, AHG, CC
if +: run a panel
why control- check for in vivo sensitization
explain TRALI
Transfusion related acute lung injury
caused by rxc to leukocyte Ab in plasma that causes plasma to leak into lungs
what is a directed or specific donation?
donated blood used for a specific recipient
anti-Dia
diego
anti-Sc2
cienna
anti-Xga
Xg
anti-Cob
colton
anti-Ch3
cheeto rogers
anti-ge3
gerbich
if you do an antibody panel and all cells are positive, including the control, what should be the first thing you should think of may be causing the problem?
warm/cold autoabs
why are homozygous cells used for “ruling out”
incase your dealing with an Ab that shows dosage
what is the shelf life of a unit of blood with AS-1 as the anticoagulant?
42 days
Name 3 most common antibodies that most likely to react at 37C
anti-K
anti-D
anti-E
which antigens are destroyed by enzymes and which are enhanced by enzymes?
E: I, jka, i, p1, rh except D lewis
D: MNS, duffy
