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IT Systems in Supply Chains > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

responsible for the sale and distribution of goods and services for a particular geographical area

A

Sales Organization

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2
Q

means by which a company delivers its goods and services to its customers

A

Distribution Channel

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3
Q

Sales Organization + Distribution Channel where pricing and material conditions are determined

A

Distribution Chain

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4
Q

consolidates materials and services with similar characteristics typically by product line

A

Division

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5
Q

Sales Organization + Distribution Channel + Division

A

Sales Area

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6
Q

Facility which company delivers products and services

A

Plant

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7
Q

physical or logical location from which outbound deliveries are sent

A

Shipping Points

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8
Q

determines customer’s credit worthiness, established credit limits, and monitors and manages the actual extension of credit

A

credit control areas

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9
Q

What are the four key organizational elements of material master data?

A

Client, Sales Organization, Distribution Channels, and Plant

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10
Q

information needed to conduct business with customers and to execute transactions related to the fulfillment processes

A

Customer Master

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11
Q

Customer Data is divided into what three segments?

A

i. General: Client (enterprise) - customer name, account #, address
ii. Accounting/Financial: Company Code - reconciliation account
iii. Sales Area: Sales Area - pricing, currency, Shipping data – delivering plant, methods. Billing data – Tax-related data.

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12
Q

What are the four required partner functions for customers in the fulfillment process?

A

Sold-to party, Ship-to party, Bill-to party, Payer

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13
Q

comprised of master data specific to one customer and one material.

A

Customer Material Information Record

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14
Q

What are some examples of Pricing Conditions?

A 
Gross Price 
Discounts 
Freight 
Surcharges 
Taxes
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15
Q

determine the method employed to communicate outputs of the fulfillment process to the customer

A

Output Conditions

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16
Q

master data used by companies to determine the price of their conditions, can be fixed amounts, percentages, or sliding, can be independent, or relative

A

Pricing Conditions

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17
Q

Data in the output condition include:

A

Medium, Partner function, and transmission time.

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18
Q

extension of customer master record, and includes data relevant to managing credit for the customer in three segments: General Data, Credit Control Area Data, Overview

A

Credit Management Master Record

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19
Q

When is credit checked?

A

Sales order is created or changed
Delivery is created or changed
Post Goods Issue is performed during Shipping

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20
Q

request for information regarding a potential order that the customer might place with the company

A

Inquiry

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21
Q

binding agreement to sell the customer specific products under clearly defined delivery and pricing terms.

A

Quotation

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22
Q

Binding agreements made by customers to purchase specific quantities or values of materials

A

Contracts

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23
Q

Binding agreements, valid for a given time period, to sell a given quantity with specific delivery schedules

A

Scheduling Agreements

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24
Q

procedure that determines whether the required materials can be made available per the schedule lines in the sales order

A

Availability Check

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25
Q

internal document that contains information necessary to fill the customer purchase order in a standardized form.

A

Sales Order

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26
Q

A Sales Order defines:
What
When
How much

A

materials and quantities
Delivery dates and shipping information
pricing conditions and billing information

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27
Q

determines how the item is handled with regard to pricing, billing, and shipping. ex) standard, text, free-of-charge

A

Item Category

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28
Q

specify delivery quantities and dates

A

Schedule Lines

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29
Q

company begins with the required delivery date and then works in reverse order to determine when each process step must be performed.

A

Backward Scheduling

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30
Q

identifies which materials are to be shipped to which partner and from which plant.

A

Delivery Document

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31
Q

commercial document issued for an undercharge

A

Debit Memo

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32
Q

commercial document issued for a refund the company has issues to the customer typically for return of material or to adjust for an overcharge

A

Credit Memo

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33
Q

commercial document indicating products or services the company provided to the customer and the amount the customer must pay according to the payment terms

A

Invoice

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34
Q

payment posted to the customer account and the original invoice remains open

A

partial payment

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35
Q

original invoice is closed and a new invoice is created for the balance in the customer account

A

residual item

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36
Q

What are the four work lists for fulfillment?

A
  1. Preparing Deliveries
  2. Picking
  3. Post Goods Issue
  4. Billing
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37
Q

identifies raw materials or semi-finished goods that are necessary to produce a finished good.

A

Bill of Materials

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38
Q

material for which stock inventory is maintained, therefor it must have a material master

A

Stock Item (L)

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39
Q

material for which inventory in not maintained, therefore no material master

A

Nonstock Item (N)

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40
Q

used to include documents such as engineer drawling or assembly instructions

A

Document Item (D)

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41
Q

transient (not stocked) item created during manufacturing that has engineering significance; logically grouped set of materials that could collectively be considered a single material.

A

Intra Material or Phantom (M)

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42
Q

defines how operations are scheduled, costs confirmed, and operations confirmed.

A

control key

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43
Q

defines the specific capacity to be utilized for production

A

Scheduling basis

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44
Q

Defines how much work can be performed during a specified time

A

Available Capacity

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45
Q

time taken configuring the work center and equipment, typically fixed duration.

A

set up time

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46
Q

time that machine and/or labor needed to perform the operation; typically variable duration

A

processing time

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47
Q

time taken returning the machines to their original state; typically fixed.

A

teardown time

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48
Q

Movable resources that are shared among different work centers

A

Production Resource Tools (PRTs)

49
Q

assigns components in a BOM to either a routing or a specific operating within the routing

A

Component Assignment

50
Q

measure of how many units of a material a plant can produce within a given timeframe (uses data from BOM, work center, and routing)

A

Production Capacity

51
Q 
formal request for production that indicates: 
What material is needed 
When they are needed
How many are needed 
(remains in system until acted upon)
A

Planned Order

52
Q

An actual commitment to produce a specific quantity of materials by a certain date that includes three additional things from a planned order

A

Production Order

Where will they be produced?
What resources are to be used?
How much is it expected to cost?

53
Q

In addition to defining what material will be created when and how many, the production order also defines

A

i. Where will they be produced?
ii. What resourced are to be used?
iii. How much is it expected to cost?

54
Q

value when order is initially saved

A

Created (CRTD)

55
Q

release of a partial quantity to manufacturing

A

Partially Released (PREL)

56
Q

release of the full quantity to manufacturing

A

Released (REL)

57
Q

the order is partially completed

A

Partially confirmed (PCNF)

58
Q

the order is fully completed

A

Confirmed (CNF)

59
Q

the order is associated with a sales order or project and partially delivered

A

Partially Delivered (PDLV)

60
Q

the order is associated with a sales order or project and is fully delivered

A

Delivered (DLV)

61
Q

used to how the work should be distributed, or split, among the machines or people of the work center

A

Capacity Splits

62
Q

if production order requires non-stock materials or subcontracting, then SAP automatically create ____________

A

purchase requisitions

63
Q

What are four things that cannot be done until a production order is released?

A
  1. Goods movement not possible
  2. Confirmations not possible
  3. Documents cannot be printed
  4. Settlement not possible
64
Q

technique that automatically records the goods issue when the order is confirmed.

A

Backflushing

65
Q

the process that issues (or moves) materials or components from inventory to the production order

A

Goods Issue

66
Q

confirmation that records setup, processing, and teardown times.

A

time event confirmation

67
Q

confirmation that records confirmations periodically.

A

time ticket confirmation

68
Q

confirmation that periodically indicates the total progress of an operation at a time of the confirmation

A

progress confirmation

69
Q

confirmation that confirms multiple operations at the same time

A

collective fast entry confirmation

70
Q

confirmation that records the completion of an operation that automatically confirms preceding operations

A

milestone confirmation

71
Q

Example: 30 units on an order; shift 1 confirms 20, shift 2 confirms 10, total confirmation is 30

A

Time ticket confirmation

72
Q

Example: 30 units on an order; shift 1 confirms 20, shift 2 confirms 30, total confirmation is 30

A

progress confirmation

73
Q

places the material confirmed on the production order into inventory

A

Goods Receipt

74
Q

when the time span between goods issue and goods receipt is long, or material value is high, then the value of the material issued to production is periodically calculated and posted to the GL so the financial statements accurately reflect the current inventory.

A

work-in-process

75
Q 
indirect costs (overhead) are accumulated in cost centers and periodically allocated to production orders based on pre-established rules 
examples
A

Overhead allocation

ex) utilities, maintenance, salaries

76
Q

either periodically or when the production order is compete, the variances on the production order must be posted to the GL

A

Order Settlement

77
Q

production order is ______ when it is no longer necessary or possible to continue with production,
all resources reservations are deleted
purchase requisitions are removed
financial financial postings still need to be made

A

technically complete (TECO)

78
Q

production order is ______ when technically complete and fully settled

A

Closed (CLSD)

79
Q

Production specific reporting that identifies all of the activities in the system that can potentially impact the quantity of material in inventory.

A

stock/requirements list

80
Q

What are the four goods movements?

A
  1. Goods Receipt (+ inventory, material doc, FI/CO docs)
  2. Goods Issue (- inventory, material doc, FI/CO docs)
  3. Stock Transfer (+/- inventory, material doc, sometimes FI/CO docs)
  4. Transfer Posting
81
Q

When do companies use the two-step transfer procedure?

A

when there is lag time between two steps

82
Q 
Stock transfer within one plant: 
Example? 
One Step: 
Two-Step: 
Documents:
A

Storage location to Storage location
ex) inspection area –> raw materials
1) any stock status –> any stock status
2) unrestricted use –> in transit –> unrestricted use
Docs) Material Docs, NO FINANCIAL DOCUMENTS

83
Q 
Stock transfer within one company code
Example? 
One Step: 
Two-Step: 
Documents:
A

Plant to Plant
ex) manufacturing plant –> distribution center
1) unrestricted –> unrestricted
2) unrestricted –> in transit –> unrestricted
Docs) Material Docs, Financial Docs

84
Q 
Stock transfer within one client
Example? 
One Step: 
Two-Step: 
Documents:
A

Company Code to Company Code
Ex) intercompany sale from US to Germany
1) unrestricted use –> unrestricted use
2) unrestricted use –> in transit –> unrestricted use
Docs) Material Docs, TWO financial documents (one FI document for each company code)

85
Q

What are the limitations of One Step and Two Step Stock Transfer Procedures?

A
  • Cannot account for transportation cost
  • Cannot track the progress of the stock transfer
  • Cannot handle inter-company profit (uses book value of sending)
86
Q

Priorities and sequences in which storage types and storage sections/picking areas are searched

A

Stock Placement and Removal

87
Q

WM can have ______ units of measure

A

different

“each” in IM but “dozen” in WM

88
Q

specific quantity of materials with similar characteristics that are stored in a single bin

A

Quant

89
Q

used to plan movement of materials in and out of a warehouse

A

Transfer Requirement

90
Q

used to change the status of a material

A

Posting Change Notice

91
Q

what are the three source requirements for warehouse movement?

A

material document
delivery document
production order

92
Q

what is used to execute warehouse movement?

A

transfer order

93
Q

Warehouse must be linked to _____ storage location and can be linked to storage location across _____ plants

Storage location can be linked to only _____ warehouse and not all storage locations must be linked to a warehouse

A

One; multiple

one

94
Q

Division of a warehouse based on the characteristics of the space, materials, or activity
Can be based on how materials are stored on material specification

A

Storage Type

95
Q

Groups bins with similar characteristics

examples?

A

Storage Section

Fast moving, slow moving, heavy, light, small

96
Q

Division of storage area based on removing or picking materials

A

Picking area

97
Q

Smallest unit of space in WM, uniquely addressed and can vary in size and are grouped based on similar packing strategies

A

Storage Bins

98
Q

What are the 4 benefits of material planning?

A
  1. Better response to customer orders
  2. Faster response to market changes
  3. Improved utilization of facilities and labor
  4. Reduced inventory levels
99
Q

Demand that is calculated based on forecasted sales and actual sales
example of good?

forecasted sales = ?
actual sales = ?

A

Independent (finished goods, trading goods)

forecasted = planned independent requirements (PIR)
actual sales = customer independent requirements (CIR)

100
Q

demand that is dependent upon demand for some other item

example of good?

A

dependent

semi-finished goods, raw materials

101
Q

Procedure to determine the lot size of each procurement proposal generated by material planning

A

lot size key

102
Q

Three types of Static Procedures (fixed quantity based on):

A

Fixed lot size = predetermined fixed quantity
lot-for-lot = exact quantity required
replenishment up to max. stock level

103
Q

combine requirements from multiple time periods

A

period lot sizing procedures

104
Q

EOQ, EPQ

A

optimum lot sizing procedures

105
Q

What are the three common time estimates for material planning?

A

In house production time
planned delivery time
GR (goods receipt) processing time

106
Q

In house production time can be further divided into three segments:

A

Setup time
processing time
Interoperation time

107
Q

Used to prevent ERP systems from automatically changing procurement proposals during a specific period of time

A

Planning Time Fence

108
Q

Make to Stock strategy in which the system generates procurement proposals based on calculated PIRS without regard to CIRs
Strategy #

A

Net Requirements Planning

Strategy 10

109
Q

customer orders are fulfilled from an existing inventory of finished goods.

A

Make-to-Stock (MTS)

110
Q

Make to Stock strategy based on PIRS, takes into account actual sales orders through a procedure called consumption

A

Planning with final Assembly

Strategy 40

111
Q

production of finished goods and any needed semi-finished goods is triggered by a sales order - (CIR) based planning

A

Make-to-Order (MTO)

112
Q

inventory of components (semi-finished goods) needed to make the finished good is procured or produced to stock

A

Assemble-to-Order (ATO)

113
Q

Assemble-to-Order strategy where the finished product is made to order (CIR) and the components are made to stock (PIR)

strategy #

A

Planning without final assembly

strategy 50

114
Q

when a strategy includes both PIRs and CIRs, and the CIRs are said to consume the PIRs

A

Consumption

115
Q

Consumption period =

A

days, before or after, from the CIR that PIRs can be consumed

116
Q

products with similar planning characteristics or similar manufacturing processes

A

product groups

117
Q

lowest-level product group in any hierarchy consists of ______

A

materials (finished or traded)

118
Q

CIR

A

Actual Sales

Customer Independent Requirements

119
Q

PIR

A

Forecasted Sales

Planned Independent Requirements

IT Systems in Supply Chains (2 decks)

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