Exam 2 Flashcards
Illness characterized by symptoms that are relatively short duration, are usually severe, and affect the functioning of the patient on all dimensions
Acute illness
Activities that depend on the patients motivation to adopt a specific health program
Active strategies of health promotion
Illness that persists over a long time and affects physical, emotional, intellectual, social, and spiritual functioning
Chronic illness
Dynamic state in which individuals adapt to their internal and external environments so there is a state of physical, emotional, intellectual, social, and spiritual well-being
Health
Conceptual framework that describes a persons health behavior as an expression of his or her health beliefs
Health belief model
Activities such as routine exercise and good nutrition that help patient s maintain or enhance their present level of health and reduce their risk of developing certain diseases
Health promotion
(1) Abnormal process in which any aspect of a person’s functioning is diminished or impaired compared with his or her previous condition
(2) The personal, interpersonal, cultural reaction to disease
Illness
Ways in which people monitor their bodies, define and interpret their symptoms, take remedial actions, and use the health care system
Illness behavior
Health education programs or activities directed toward protecting patients from threats or potential threats to health and minimizing risk factors
Illness prevention
Activities that involve the patient as the recipient of actions by health care professionals
Passive strategies of health promotion
First contact in a given episode of illness that leads to a decision regarding a course of action to prevent worsening of the health problem
Primary prevention
Any internal or external variable that makes a person or group more vulnerable to illness or an unhealthily event
Risk factor
Level of preventive medicine that focuses on early diagnosis, use of referral services, and rapid initiation of treatment to stop progress of disease processes
Secondary prevention
Activities directed toward rehabilitation rather than diagnosis and treatment
Tertiary prevention
Dynamic state of health in which an individual progresses toward a higher level of functioning, achieving an optimum balance between internal and external environments
Wellness
Different attitudes that causes people to react in different ways to illness or to the illness of a family member.
Illness behavior
A theoretical way of understanding a concept or idea
A model
Can positively or negatively affect health
Health behaviors
May be based on factual information or misinformation, common sense or myths, or reality or false expectations.
Health beliefs
Activities related to maintaining, or regaining good health and preventing illness
Positive health behaviors
Examples of positive health behaviors
- immunizations
- proper sleep patterns
- adequate exercise
- stress management
- nutrition
Practices actually or potentially harmful to health
Negative health behaviors
Examples of negative health behaviors
- smoking
- drug or alcohol abuse
- poor diet
- refusal to to necessary medicine
What is the first component in the health behavior model?
The first component is individuals perception of susceptibility to illness
What is the second component to the health behaviors model?
The second component is an individual’s perception of the seriousness of an illness
What is the third component to the health behavior model?
The third component is the likelihood that a person will take preventative action
What are the areas of focus for the health promotion model?
- individual characteristics and experience
- behavior, specific knowledge,and affect
- behavioral outcomes
A model used to understand interrelationships of basic human needs
Maslows hierarchy of needs
The highest expression of ones individual potential and allows for continual discovery of self
Self-actualization
Recognizes the natural healing ability of the body and incorporate complementary and alternative interventions
The holistic health model
Include a person’s developmental stage, intellectual background, perception of functioning, and emotional and spiritual factors
Internal variable
What do cognitive abilities shape?
The way a person thinks, including the ability to understand factors involved in illness and apply knowledge of health and illness to personal health practice
This concept is central to nursing practice and more important in today’s hectic healthcare environment
Caring
a mental self image of strengths and weaknesses in all aspects of personality
self-concept
Change in body image from extreme trauma usually occurs in the following phases:
- anxiety
- shock
- denial
- anger
- withdrawal
What do behavioral and emotional depend on?
the nature of the illness, the patient’s
attitude toward it, the reaction of others to it, and the variables of illness behavior
persists, usually longer than 6 months, is irreversible, and affects functioning in one or more systems
chronic illness
is usually reversible, has a short duration, and is often severe
acute illness
a state in which a person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired
illness
Health behavior changes involve movement through a series of stages (Transtheoretical model)
the stages are:
- precontemplation
- contemplation
- preparation
- action
- maintenance stage
no intention to change
precontemplation
considering change within the next 6 months
contemplation
making small changes
preparation
actively engaging in strategies to change behavior
action
maintaining the changed behavior
maintenance stage
any situation, habit, social or environmental condition, or physiological condition, spiritual condition, or other variable that increases the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident
risk factor
includes specific protection such as immunization for influenza and hearing protection in occupational settings.
primary prevention
includes diagnosis and prompt intervention
secondary prevention
○ minimizing the effects of long term disease or disability by interventions directed at preventing complications and deterioration
○ rehabilitation rather than diagnosis and treatment
○ called preventive care because it involves preventing further disability or reduced functioning
tertiary prevention
individuals are motivated to adopt specific health programs such as weight reduction and smoking cessation
active strategies of health promotion
individuals gain from the activities of others without acting themselves which include public fluoridation of water and vitamin D inclusion in homogenized milk
passive strategies of health promotion
