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Interventions 2 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Resistance exercise

A

Dynamic or static muscle contraction is resisted by an outside force applied manually or mechanically

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2
Q

Muscle strength

A

Ability of contractile tissue to produce tension and a force based on demands of the muscle

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3
Q

Muscle power

A

Rate of performing work

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4
Q

Muscle endurance

A

Ability of a muscle to contract repeatedly against a load, generate and sustain tension and resist fatigue over an extended period of time

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5
Q

Overload

A

If muscle performance is to improve, a muscle must be challenged at a greater level to which it is accustomed

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6
Q

What does SAID stand for? What does it mean?

A

Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demand

Body systems adapt over time to stresses placed on them

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7
Q

Detraining

A

Begins 1-2 weeks after cessation of resistance exercise and continues until training effects are lost

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8
Q

Factors that influence the development of tension

A 
Energy stores 
Blood supply 
Age 
Fatigue 
Recovery from exercise 
Attention 
Motivation & Feedback
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9
Q

Muscle Fatigue

A

The diminished response of a muscles to a repeated stimulus. Occurs when a muscle repeatedly contracts against a load

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10
Q

Causes of muscle fatigue

A

Decrease in energy stores
Insufficient oxygen
Reduced sensitivity and availability of calcium
Build up of hydrogen

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11
Q

Causes of cardiopulmonary (general) fatigue

A

Decrease in blood sugar level
Decrease in glycogen stores in muscle and liver
Depletion of potassium

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12
Q

Adaptations that occur in the neural system

A

Increased recruitment of number of motor units firing

Increase rate and synchronization of firing

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13
Q

Adaptations of skeletal muscle to strength training

A

Hypertrophy of muscle fibers
Hyperplasia of muscle fibers
Remodeling of type IIB to type IIA
Decrease/no change in capillary bed density
Decrease in mitochondrial density and volume

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14
Q

Adaptations of skeletal muscle to endurance training

A

Minimal or no muscle fiber hypertrophy
Increase in capillary bed density
Increase in mitochondrial density and volume

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15
Q

Adaptations of CT to strength training

A

Increase in tensile strength of tendons, ligaments, and CT

increase in bone mineral density

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16
Q

Adaptations of Metabolic system to strength and endurance system

A

Increase ATP, PC storage, myoglobin storage, Creatine phsophokinase, myokinase

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17
Q

Adaptations of body composition to strength training

A

Increase lean body mass

Decrease in percent body fat

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18
Q

Adaptations of body composition to endurance training

A

No changes in lean body mass

Decrease in percent body fat

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19
Q

Intensity

A

The exercise load (level of resistance)

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20
Q

Volume

A

Total number of repetitions and sets in an exercise session

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21
Q

Periodization

A

variation of intensity and volume during specific periods of resistance training

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22
Q

Function of stabilization

A

Appropriate alignment
Correct muscle action and pattern
Avoid substitution

23
Q

Indications of submax loading

A 
Early stages of soft tissue healing 
Prolonged immobilization 
Initially learning exercise 
Goal is to improve muscle endurance 
Warm up and cool down 
Slow velocity isokinetic
24
Q

Precautions of resistance exercise

A

Exercise should never cause pain
Cardiovascular risks
Incorporate rhythmic breathing into each repetition

25
Q

Indications of maximal loading

A

Increase muscle strength and power
Healthy adults in advanced stage of rehab program
Conditioning program
Competitive weight lifting or body building

26
Q

Repetition maximum

A

greatest amt of weight a muscle can move through a full ROM with control a specific number of times before fatiguing

27
Q

Reasons for RM

A

Document a baseline measurement

Identify initial exercise load to be used during exercise for a specified number of reps

28
Q

Precautions to RM

A

inappropriate for some pt populations (joint impairments, recovering from/at risk for soft tissue injury, risk for osteoporosis or cardiovascular problems)

29
Q

How many reps before needing rest for the following percentage of 1RM (75, 60, 90)

A

60-15 reps
75 - 10 reps
90 - 4-5 reps

30
Q

Average number of reps and sets in muscle strengthening program

A

Intensity - (60-80% of 1RM)
8-12 reps
2-3 sets

31
Q

Average number of reps and sets in muscle endurance program

A

Intensity - load load

3-5 sets x 40-50 reps

32
Q

How long into training do you see gains from neural adaptations? Changes in muscle?

A

Neural adaptations - 2-3 weeks

Changes in muscles - 6-12 weeks

33
Q

Indications for isometric training

A
  1. Minimize muscle atrophy when joint movement is not possible
  2. Improve muscle strength when dynamic could compromise joint
  3. Develop static strength at particular points in ROM
  4. Activate muscles to re-establish neuromuscular control but protect healing tissue
  5. Develop postural or joint stability
34
Q

Precautions with isometric exercise

A

Breath holding (Valsalava maneuver)

35
Q

Contraindications to isometric exercise

A

patient with a history of cardiovascular disorders

36
Q

Isometric velocity

A

0 degrees/sec

37
Q

Slow velocity

A

30-60 degrees/sec

38
Q

Medium velocity

A

60-180 or 240 degrees per second

39
Q

Fast velocity

A

180 or 240-360 degrees per second

40
Q

Reciprocal training

A

Targets both agonist and antagonist

41
Q

Patients at most risk during resistance programs

A

History of coronary artery disease
Undergone neurosurgery or eye surgery
Intervertebral disc pathology

42
Q

Overtraining

A

Decline in physical performance in healthy individuals

Person fatigues more quickly and requires more time to recover

43
Q

Overwork

A

Deterioration of strength in muscles already weakned by nonprogressive neuromuscular disease

44
Q

Possible prevention/treatment of DOMS

A

Progressing the intensity and volume gradually
Gentle stretching before and after strenuous exercise
Light, high speed concentric exercise
Electrical stimulation

45
Q

Patients at risk for pathological fractures

A

Patients at risk for osteoporosis (post-menopausal, prolonged immoblization, restricted WB, medications)

46
Q

Contraindications of resistance exercise

A

Pain
Inflammation
Cardiovascular disease

47
Q

DeLorme PRE

A 
Progressive loading 
Determine 10RM
10 reps at 50% 10 RM
10 reps at 75% 10 RM
10 reps at 100% 10 RM
48
Q

Oxford

A 
Regressive loading 
Determines 10RM 
10 reps at 100% 10 RM
10 reps at 75% 10 RM
10 reps at 50% 10 RM
49
Q

DAPRE

A

Daily Adjustable Progressive Resistance Exercise
1 set, 10reps, 50% 6RM
2 sets, 6 reps, 75% 6RM
3 sets, max possible reps 100% 6 RM
4 sets, max possible reps 100% adjusted working weight

50
Q

Pioneers of PNF

A

Kabat, Knott, Voss

51
Q

Effects of PNF

A

Increase muscular strength and endurance
Stability, mobility, neuromuscular control, coordination
Restoration of function

52
Q

PNF components

A

Multiplanar, Multijoint, Diagonal, Rotation

53
Q

Rhythmic initiation

A

passively take patient though desired range several times before initiating resistance

Interventions 2 (6 decks)

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