Exam 2

Question 1

Define epilepsy

Answer 1

2 or more unproved AFEBRILE seizures

Question 2

What is an infantile spasm usually caused by? What would you observe?

Answer 2

ACTH deficiency

baby is arching its back

Question 3

What are the most common causes of pediatrice seizures?

Answer 3

Fevers
Infections (meningitis, encephaltitis, brain abcess)
Injury

Question 4

When should babies start rolling, sitting and crawling?

Answer 4

rolling: 4 mo
sitting: 5 mo
crawling: 8 months
walking: 12 mo

Question 5

At what infant age is bruising on head and shins normal?

Answer 5

9 months

Question 6

Only when is the Kernig and Brudzinski signs useful?

Answer 6

When the fontanelles are closed

not reliable under 1 year of age

Question 7

What would you suspect with cafe au lait spots?

Answer 7

neurofinromatosis

Question 8

Suspect with unilateral port wine facial nevus?

Answer 8

Sturge-Weber

Question 9

Suspect with facial angiofibromas?

Answer 9

Tuberous sclerosis

with hypopigmented ash leaf spots

Question 10

Whta are some findings of von Hippel landauRetinocerebellar Angiomatosis?

Answer 10

Hemangioblastomas in retina/cerebellum
Cysts in Kidney, pancreas, epydidymis
retinal detachment

Question 11

What is Kernigs sign?

Answer 11

Flex hip to 90 degrees, then extend leg

Question 12

What is the Oppenheim technique?

Answer 12

More reliable than Babinski

Running thumb down medial surface of tibia

Question 13

Whta is a positive Brudzinski sign?

Answer 13

SAfter flexing the neck forward, a reflex bending of the legs

Question 14

What is the presentation of a febrile seizure?

Answer 14

brief, generalized (<15 min)
fever
family history common
6 mo - 5 yo
(NO infection)

Question 15

Absence Seizure

Answer 15

High amplitude 3 Hz on EEG
5-10 sec
8q24 gene
“seeing w a strobe light”

Question 16

Complex partial seizures

Answer 16

aura
automatisms: fumbling, gutteral sounds, lip smacking
“temporal lobe” seizures
Treat w carbamazepine (anticonv.)

Question 17

Treatment for conjunctivitis

Answer 17

Cool compress

abx if necessary

Question 18

Episcleritis

Answer 18

Painful
Normal vision
Artificial tears/NSAIDs

Question 19

Uveitis

Answer 19

Painful
Photophpbia
Decreased vision
NSAIDs, steroids

Question 20

Dacrocystitis

Answer 20

Pain in medial lower eyelid
Lacrimal duct involvement
Staph/Strep
augmentin to treat

Question 21

Dacroadenitis

Answer 21

Lateral upper eyelid
Painful
augmentin to treat

Question 22

Pre septal cellulitis

Answer 22

Bacterial infection
fever
EOM intact, no pain
Staph or strep

Question 23

Orbital Cellulitis

Answer 23

Infection –> fever
Diplopia
IV abx –> vancomycin + rocephin

Question 24

What is CRAO?

Answer 24

central retinal a occlusion
painless
acute vision loss
treat w acetozolamide + massage

Question 25

What is CRVO?

Answer 25

central retinal vein occlusion
loss of vision
painless
Cotton wool spots/ edema/ hemorrhage
Treat w aspirin and IOP

Question 26

Acute angle closure glaucoma

Answer 26

painful vision loss
fixed, mid-dilated pupil
unilateral, steamy cornea
treat w acetozolamide and IOP

Question 27

Curtain coming down

Answer 27

retinal detachment

Question 28

What is Exostoses?

Answer 28

benign, slowly growing, dome shaped area
bone hypertrophy
from repeated cold water