Exam 2 Flashcards
Define epilepsy
2 or more unproved AFEBRILE seizures
What is an infantile spasm usually caused by? What would you observe?
ACTH deficiency
baby is arching its back
What are the most common causes of pediatrice seizures?
Fevers
Infections (meningitis, encephaltitis, brain abcess)
Injury
When should babies start rolling, sitting and crawling?
rolling: 4 mo
sitting: 5 mo
crawling: 8 months
walking: 12 mo
At what infant age is bruising on head and shins normal?
9 months
Only when is the Kernig and Brudzinski signs useful?
When the fontanelles are closed
not reliable under 1 year of age
What would you suspect with cafe au lait spots?
neurofinromatosis
Suspect with unilateral port wine facial nevus?
Sturge-Weber
Suspect with facial angiofibromas?
Tuberous sclerosis
with hypopigmented ash leaf spots
Whta are some findings of von Hippel landauRetinocerebellar Angiomatosis?
Hemangioblastomas in retina/cerebellum
Cysts in Kidney, pancreas, epydidymis
retinal detachment
What is Kernigs sign?
Flex hip to 90 degrees, then extend leg
What is the Oppenheim technique?
More reliable than Babinski
Running thumb down medial surface of tibia
Whta is a positive Brudzinski sign?
SAfter flexing the neck forward, a reflex bending of the legs
What is the presentation of a febrile seizure?
brief, generalized (<15 min) fever family history common 6 mo - 5 yo (NO infection)
Absence Seizure
High amplitude 3 Hz on EEG
5-10 sec
8q24 gene
“seeing w a strobe light”
Complex partial seizures
aura
automatisms: fumbling, gutteral sounds, lip smacking
“temporal lobe” seizures
Treat w carbamazepine (anticonv.)
Treatment for conjunctivitis
Cool compress
abx if necessary
Episcleritis
Painful
Normal vision
Artificial tears/NSAIDs
Uveitis
Painful
Photophpbia
Decreased vision
NSAIDs, steroids
Dacrocystitis
Pain in medial lower eyelid
Lacrimal duct involvement
Staph/Strep
augmentin to treat
Dacroadenitis
Lateral upper eyelid
Painful
augmentin to treat
Pre septal cellulitis
Bacterial infection
fever
EOM intact, no pain
Staph or strep
Orbital Cellulitis
Infection –> fever
Diplopia
IV abx –> vancomycin + rocephin
What is CRAO?
central retinal a occlusion
painless
acute vision loss
treat w acetozolamide + massage
What is CRVO?
central retinal vein occlusion loss of vision painless Cotton wool spots/ edema/ hemorrhage Treat w aspirin and IOP
Acute angle closure glaucoma
painful vision loss
fixed, mid-dilated pupil
unilateral, steamy cornea
treat w acetozolamide and IOP
Curtain coming down
retinal detachment
What is Exostoses?
benign, slowly growing, dome shaped area
bone hypertrophy
from repeated cold water
