Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AT 510 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of massage? (Oxford)

A

The rubbing or kneading of muscles or joints with the hands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

De Domenico - “Beard’s Massage”

A
  • certain manipulations of the soft tissue of the body
  • these manipulations are most effectively performed with the hands
  • producing effects on the nervous system, the muscular system, the respiratory system, and the local and general circulation of the blood and lymph.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

PTs/ATs use this kind of massage

A

Therapeutic massage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Massage as a modality is used to…

A

bring about physical, physiological, and sometimes psychological changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Therapeutic Massage

A
  • Promotes stress relief and relaxation
  • mobilize various structures
  • relieve pain and swelling
  • prevent deformity
  • promote functional independence
    all in a person who has a specific health problem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Recreational Massage

A
  • relieves stress
  • promotes relaxation
  • general wellness
    All in a person who has no definable health problems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Massage Techniques

A
  • Heller work/Rolfing
  • Manual lymphatic drainage
  • Sports Massage
  • Thai massage
  • Myofascial Realease
  • Rosen Method (developed by DPT)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

General Effects of Massage: Cardiovascular System

A

Circulation
- dilation of superficial vessels via local reflexes
- increase in SV via promotion of venous return
- decrease incidence of DVT
Edema
- increases lymph flow via mechanical pressure
**BP goes up b/c of you (goes down because they relax)
** This has psych, phys, and mechanical effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

General Effects of Massage: Connective Tissue

A

Decreases pain and improves tissue mobility
This is ALL mechanical
Cyriax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

General Effects of Massage: Muscle Tissue & Nervous System

A

Muscle Tissue - decreases spasm & muscle hypertension

Nervous Systems - decreases pain (you can make them feel better by making them feel worse)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Indications for Massage

A 
Pain
Edema
Muscle Spasm
Trigger Points
Insufficiencies of Circulation
Contracted Tissue
Specific of General Tension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Contraindications for Massage

A

Can be Absolute or Relative

  • severe distress
  • systemic edema
  • acute conditions (0-48 hrs minimum)
  • over recent surgery
  • increased circulation is not desired
  • contagious skin conditions
  • over foreign bodies/sharp bony prominences
  • over areas of active bone growth
  • over areas of decreased sensation
  • tuberculosis diagnosis
  • over the pregnant abdomen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Therapeutic Relationship

A
  • implicit agreement regarding the roles of the Pt. and DPT.
  • informed consent
  • maintain boundaries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Role of Touch

A
  • interaction is both physical an psychological
  • helps you to identify the pt. state
  • touch can communicate your state of being
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How are your hands?

A
  • wash them
  • short fingernails
  • rings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Positioning of Patient

A
  • support given to natural joint curvatures
  • limbs elevated for circulation
  • Pt. should not be supporting any part of themselves
  • Pt. should be comfortable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Draping

A
  • expose the area you will be treating

- parts not treated should be covered by towel or a sheet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Message Media

A

Purpose: to avoid uncomfortable friction between hands and skin

  • best if unscented/hypoallergenic
  • avoid lotions: absorb too quickly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Positioning the Theraptist

A

If the table disappeared would you fall over?

Face patient to monitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Basic Massage Strokes

A
  • Effleurage
  • Petrissage & compression
  • Friction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Effleurage

A

rhythmic, consistent, stroking

  • superficial: reflex effect, calming
  • deep: reflex and mechanical effect
  • warming of superficial tissues
  • information gathering
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Petrissage & Compression

A

intermittent kneading

  • may be unilateral, bilateral or digital
  • increass circulation
  • softens and lengthens tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Friction

A

sustained pressure with movement

  • may be linear, cross fiber, circular, scar
  • cyriax cross fiber is a particular technique
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Other massage strokes

A
  • jostling
  • percussion
  • direct pressure (sustained w/no movement)
  • myofascial release
  • trigger point techniques
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Principals Regarding Massage Strokes

A

Direction
Duration
Pressure
Rate & Rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Direction

A

linear, cross fiber, distal proximal

*don’t go proximal to distal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Duration

A

take adequate time to achieve goal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Pressure

A

varies based on intent, body region, pathology, and patient tolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Rate & Rhythm

A

should be purposeful and consistent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Regarding Strokes

A
  • work broad and light -> specific & deep
  • mold hands to pt. body
  • deep pressure: distal -> proximal
  • address entire length of muscle of interest
  • minimize interruptions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Lymphatic System Functions

A
  1. Remove excess fluids from tissues
  2. Absorption of fatty acids and subsequent transport of fat to the circulatory system
  3. Production of immune cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Lymphedema

A

an accumulation of high-protein fluid that can collect in any body part, but most typically in arms or legs. It usually occurs when they lymph vessels or lymph nodes are blocked or removed

33
Q

Primary Lymphedema

A

rare and congenital caused by poor development of lymph vessels.
ex: milroys disease

34
Q

Secondary Lymphedema

A

caused by damage to lymph vessels or nodes.

may result from surgery, radiation, neoplasm, irradiation, trauma (scar tissue can block flow)

35
Q

Edema

A

swelling caused by an increase in fluid in the interstitial, intra-articular or intra-celluar space

36
Q

Types edema

A

Local
Systemic
Lymphedema

37
Q

Local edema

A

edema is confined to an area (ligament sprain)

38
Q

Systemic edema

A

occurs throughout the body (congestive heart failure)

Contraindicated

39
Q

Precautions for massage

A 
Hematoma
Non-union fractures
Herniated Disks
Debilitated patients
Malignancies
Conditions w/collagen weakening
40
Q

Friction Massage Intended purpose

A
  • to mobilize adherent tissue/reduce scar tissue
  • reduce/mobilize trigger points
  • increase local circulation
  • decrease pain
41
Q

Types of Friction Massage

A
  • cross-fiber friction
  • circular friction
  • linear/parallel friction
  • cryiax friction
42
Q

Cross-fiber friction

A

deep friction applied perpendicular to the direction of the fibers

43
Q

Parallel Friction

A

deep friction applied in the same direction as the fibers

44
Q

Circular Friction

A

repeated circular motion, distal to proximal considered

45
Q

Cyriax Friction

A

deep transverse friction for pain and inflammation relief in musculoskeletal conditions

46
Q

Mechanical Effects of Cyriax

A
  • mobilization of damaged tissue over a small area

- elongation of tissue fibers

47
Q

Physiological Effects of Cyriax

A

localized hyperemia

48
Q

Histological Effects of Cyriax

A
  • prevents or slows scar formation

- stimulates collagen orientation along lines of stress

49
Q

Neurological Effects of Cyriax

A

pain inhibition via stimulation of mechanoreceptors

50
Q

Indications for Cyriax

A
  • promote healing of connective and contractile tissue
  • to retain or regain mobility
  • pain modulation
51
Q

Contraindications for Cyriax

A
  • acute inflammation
  • hematoma
  • conditions that increase bleeding
    • hemophilia
    • pt. on anit-coagulants
    • pt. on steroids
  • debilitated/open skin
52
Q

DTFM

A

deep transverse friction massage (cyriax)

53
Q

Body Positioning for DTFM

A
  • Muscles: supported in a position of relaxation or reduced muscle tone
  • Tendons: position of tension
  • Ligaments: taunt, as far as the ROM allows
54
Q

Cyriax finger position

A

middle finger on top of pointer finger

55
Q

Effects of Cyriax Friction

A
  1. Traumatic Hyeremia
  2. Movement of Structures, prevents or disrupts adhesions
  3. Stimulates mechanoreceptors, causing analgesia
56
Q

Cyriax Friction Key Points

A
  1. friction is applied to an exact location
  2. no movement between the fingers and skin
  3. friction is applied in transverse direction
  4. friction must have adequate amplitude to move completely over the structure
  5. friction must be applied at a depth sufficient to reach the target structure
57
Q

Side Lying Manuvers

A
  1. Jostling
  2. Hacking
  3. Slapping
  4. Cupping
  5. Gorilla punch
58
Q

Trigger Point Background

A
  • pioneered by Janet Travell MD

- 1st to recognize and define myofascial pain syndrome and trigger points

59
Q

Definition of Trigger Points

A

focus of hyper irritability in a tissue that when compressed is locally tender an if sufficiently hypersensitive gives rise to referred pain

60
Q

Techniques to treat trigger points

A
  • ice & stretch
  • spray & stretch
  • massage
  • digital compression
  • PNF
  • TPPR
  • muscle stripping
61
Q

what does a biopsied trigger point look like?

A
  • large, rounded
  • darkly stained muscle fibers
  • significant increase in diameter of muscle fibers
62
Q

Characteristics of Trigger Points

A
  • cosistent referred pain pattern upon compression
  • local twitch response elicited by palpation
  • possible restricted ROM
  • muscle weakness w/no atrophy
  • possible autonomic phenomena
63
Q

Two Types of Trigger Points

A
  1. Active Trigger Point

2. Latent Trigger Point

64
Q

Active Trigger Points

A
  • always tender
  • produce referred pain
  • muscle may be weak
  • limited ROM
  • w/palpation there is a localized twitch
65
Q

Latent Trigger Points

A
  • painful only when palpated
66
Q

Indications for Intermittent Compression

A

Edema

67
Q

Contraindications for Intermittent Compression

A
  1. Thrombophlebitis (could dislodge clot)
  2. Cellulitis (Could spread the infection) (bloodbourne)
  3. Severe congestive heart failure
68
Q

Treatment time for Intermittent Compression

A
  • 10 minutes to 4 hours

- 1 to 2 times per day

69
Q

Duty cycle for Intermittent Compression

A

45 sec on/15 sec off to 3 mins on/1 min off

70
Q

Pressure for Intermittent Compression

A
  • should never exceed 90-120 mmHg (systolic pressure)
  • Arm: approx 50mmHg
  • Leg: approx 60-70 mmHg
71
Q

Types of Swelling

A

Joint Swelling
Interstitial tissue swelling
Cell swelling

72
Q

Joint Swelling

A

caused by presence of blood and joint fluid in joint as a result of tearing
- appearance/feel of a water balloon

73
Q

Intersitial tissue swelling

A

caused by increase of osmotic pressure in tissues

  • attracts water
  • appearance of silly putty
  • pitting edema
74
Q

Cell swelling

A

cells near death and unable to control the cell membrane can attract water and swell

75
Q

Pitting Edema causes

A
  • congestive heart failure (heart is too stretched out)
  • venous insufficiency
  • kidney failure
  • malnutrition
76
Q

Factors that can cause Edema

A
  • HBP
  • low blood plasma (alcoholism)
  • Lymphatic blockage (post mastectomy) (swelling, no drainage)
  • increased capillary porosity (burns)
  • increased tissue oncotic pressure (cell destruction w/protein release)
77
Q

Lymphedema

A

edema caused by obstruction of the lymph channels

78
Q

Treatment of Edema

A
  • elevation
  • muscular contraction
  • compression
  • elastic compression
  • massage
  • intermittent compression
79
Q

Treatment Protocol for DTFM

A
  1. initial treatment 5 to 6 minutes
  2. first couple of minutes pt may feel mild to moderate tenderness
  3. pain should subsides gradually increase the pressure
  4. increased by 3 minutes each session, 12 to 15 minute max
  5. wait 48 hours between treatment sessions

AT 510 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions