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AT 510 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal Traction Indications

A

HNP
Degenerative Joint Disease
Joint Dysfunction (hypo mobility)
Muscle Spasm

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2
Q

Spinal Traction Contradindications

A
  • tumor/infection (structural fault)
  • vascular compromise of vertebral artery
  • fracture (movement not wanted)
  • rheumatoid arthritis
  • major neck injury (fracture of the odontoid process has been ruled out)
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3
Q

Spinal Traction Precautions

A
  • acute strains
  • pregnancy
  • osteoporosis
  • hiatal hernia using pelvic traction
  • claustrophobic pt.
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4
Q

Spinal Traction Treatment Time

A
  • Disc: 3-5 mins for first treatment
    progress to 8-10 mins
  • all other problems treat for 15-20 mins
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5
Q

Spinal Traction Force (cervical spine)

A

10% to 20% body weight to 35lb max

- must add weight of head if in a sitting position

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6
Q

Spinal Traction Force (lumbar spine)

A

25% to 50% of body weight

- must add 25% body weight if table doesn’t slide

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7
Q

Spinal Traction Duty Cycle

A

disc problems: 60 sec on/20 sec off

all other problems: 20-30 sec on/10 sec off

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8
Q

Spinal Traction Direction of pull (transverse axis)

A

Disc Problems - as straight of a pull as possible

Muscle/facet problems - pull with 20-30 degrees flexion

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9
Q

Spinal Traction Direction of pull (longitudinal axis)

A

pt. head/trunk lists to one side
Disc problems - pull on the side needed to maintain the list

Muscle/facet - pull on the side to correct the list

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10
Q

Ultrasound Indications (Thermal)

A
  • pain relief in chronic bursitis, myosis, tendonitis, and arthritis
  • pain relief from neuromas (aching nerve pain)
  • adhesive scars
  • affects nerve conduction velocity
  • improve extensibility of CT
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11
Q

Ultrasound Indications (NON-thermal)

A

lower than 20% duty cycle

  • cavitation may break down calcium deposits
  • affects nerve conduction velocity (alters pain perception)
  • phonophoresis (drive chemicals through skin)
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12
Q

Ultrasound Contraindications

A
  • where heat is not indicated
  • hemophiliac pt.
  • over DVT
  • over neoplasm
  • over pregnant uterus
  • over the eyes
  • over the heart
  • near a pace maker
  • over growth plates
  • sepsis
  • malignancy
  • severe cardiac disease
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13
Q

Ultrasound Precautions

A
  • over healing fracture
  • over the spinal cord
  • over metal implants
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14
Q

Ultrasound Frequency

A

1 MHz penetrates to 5 cm (2 in)

3 MHz penetrates to 1 cm (1/2 in)

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15
Q

Ultrasound BNR

A

rates the quality of the head

  • 1:1 head is perfect and sound
  • 6:1 is the minimum acceptable

the higher the BNR the faster you need to move the sound head

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16
Q

Ultrasound Duty Cycle

A
  • Continuous: gives thermal/non-thermal effects
  • Pulsed, especially below 10% gives only non-thermal effects
  • Acute injury: 10-20%
  • Subacute: 30-50%
  • Chronic: 60-100%
17
Q

Ultrasound Intensity 1 MHz

A

*determined by pt. tolerance
Acute = .1 - .2 w/cm2
Subacute = .3 - .8 w/cm2
Chronic = .9 -1.5 w/cm2

18
Q

Ultrasound Intensity 3 MHz

A

schmee

19
Q

Gown & Glove Order of Donning

A
  1. scrub cap
  2. mask
  3. shoe covers
  4. wash
  5. gown
  6. glove
20
Q

Hot Pack Indications

A
  • increase collagen extensibility
  • decrease joint stiffness
  • relieve muscle spasm
  • pain relief
  • increase blood flow
  • as a warm-up for exercise
  • possibly assist in resolving inflammation
21
Q

Hot Pack Contraindications

A
  • severe cardiac disease
  • over malignancy
  • sepsis
22
Q

Hot Pack Precautions

A
  • with insensitive pt.

- with spinal cord injured pt.

23
Q

Hot Pack Controls

A 
Time: 20-30
Insulation: 4-6 w/foam pad
                   6-8 layers of towel
Hot Pack Machine: 160-175 F
*reheating of packs 30 mins
24
Q

Paraffin Bath Indications

A
  • increase collagen extensibility
  • decrease joint stiffness
  • relieve muscle spasm
  • pain relief
  • increase blood flow
  • as a warm-up for exercise
  • possibly assist in resolving inflammation
25
Q

Paraffin Bath Contraindications

A
  • severe cardiac disease
  • over malignancy
  • sepsis
26
Q

Paraffin Bath Precautions

A
  • with insensitive pt.

- w/spinal cord injured pt.

27
Q

Paraffin Bath Controls

A

Temp: 125-130F

Time: usually 20 mins

Application:
A: dip 6 times, wrap in paper bag and towel
B: dip 6 times and re-immerse

28
Q

Hydrotherapy Indications

A
  • increase collagen extensibility
  • decrease joint stiffness
  • relieve muscle spasm
  • pain relief
  • increase blood flow
  • as a warm-up for exercise
  • possibly assist in resolving inflammation
29
Q

Hydrotherapy Contraindications

A
  • severe cardiac disease
  • over malignancy
  • sepsis
30
Q

Hydrotherapy Precautions

A
  • with insensitive pt.

- with spinal cord pt.

31
Q

Hydrotherapy Whirlpool Controls

A

Time: 20 mins
Temp: 55F - 113F

Air Control: High air decreases mass of fluid, increases sensation of fluid

Pressure: high pressure improves convection, but could be painful on wound

32
Q

Ice Pack Indications

A
  • decrease muscle spasm
  • decrease pain
  • decrease spasticity
  • relieve swelling & edema
  • prevent excessive tissue damage following injury
33
Q

Ice Pack Contraindications

A
  • severe coronary artery disease
  • severe hypertension
  • some RA
  • pt. w/cold hypersensitivity (hives)
  • vasospastic disorders (raynaud’s)
34
Q

Ice Pack Precautions

A
  • paralyzed pts.
  • coma pts.
  • any skin w/cold > 1hr
  • I’ve over superficial nerves
35
Q

Ice Pack Controls

A

Time: 3-60 mins

  • 3-15 mins to numb
  • 20-30 mins for typical treatment

Temp: bath 55-65F
ice packs = 10-15F

Insulations: towels

AT 510 (3 decks)

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