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Integumentary Conditions and Management > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Chapter 6:

A

Management of Infection

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2
Q

Abcess

A

Localized collection of pus within body tissues

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3
Q

Aerobes

A

Bacteria that require oxygen to survive

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4
Q

Anaerobes

A

Bacteria that cannot survive in an oxygen rich environment

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5
Q

Antibacterial

A

Type of antimicrobial that is effective against bacteria

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6
Q

Antibiotics

A

Oral or intravenously delivered substance that destroyed or inhibits the growth of microorganisms

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7
Q

Antifungal

A

Type of antimicrobial that destroys yeast and molds

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8
Q

Antimicrobial

A

Substance that destroys or inhibits the growth of microorganisms

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9
Q

Antiseptic

A

Antimicrobial designed to reduce bacterial contamination on intact skin

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10
Q

Bactericidal

A

Antimicrobial agent that is capable of killing bacteria

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11
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

Antimicrobial agent that inhibits bacterial cell growth

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12
Q

Biofilms

A

Communities of microorganisms that are attached to a wound surface and encased with glycocalyx

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13
Q

Clean technique

A

Infection control procedure designed to reduce the number of microbes present and decrease the risk of infection

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14
Q

Colonization

A

Normal presence of a small number of microbes (less than 10^3 organisms/gram of tissue)

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15
Q

Complement system

A

A cascade of proteins produced by the body that enhance the body’s defense against pathologies

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16
Q

Contamination

A

Presence or anticipated presence of blood, wound fluid or other potentially infectious waste

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17
Q

Critical colonization

A

Point at which increasing would bioburden begins to adversely affect wound healing

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18
Q

Disinfect

A

To clean a surface with a antimicrobial

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19
Q

Fluid aspiration

A

Method of identifying wound infection in which a physician uses a needle to remove 1.0 mL of fluid from the wound area for analysis

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20
Q

Gram-negative

A

Method of identifying microorganisms , gram negative are not stained by crystal violet but are stained by safranin

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21
Q

Gram-positive

A

Method of identifying microorganisms, gram positive organisms are stained by crystal violet

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22
Q

Infection

A

Invasion and multiplication of microogranisms within body tissues, wound culture reveals greater than 10^5 microbes per gram of tissue

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23
Q

MRSA

A

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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24
Q

Nosocomial Infection

A

An infection that is acquired while hospitalized

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25
Q

Resistant

A

A bacteria that cannot be killed by a certain antimicrobial

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26
Q

Sensitive

A

If a bacteria can be killed by a certain antimicrobial

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27
Q

Standard Precautions

A

Type of infection control that includes universal precautions, hand washing, and personal protective equipment

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28
Q

Sterile technique

A

Methods of infection control that uses only sterile equipments

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29
Q

Sterilization

A

Procedure that destroys all microbes from the area of interest

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30
Q

Swab Cultures

A

Methods to identify and quantify microbes present in a wound

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31
Q

Tissue Biopsy

A

Procedure in which a physician removes a sample of living tissue from the wound to identify infection

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32
Q

Universal Precautions

A

Type of infection control in which all blood and body fluids are considered to be contaminated

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33
Q

VRE

A

Vacomycin-resistant Enterococci

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34
Q

Chapter 7

A

Dressing Selection and Bandaging

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35
Q

Alginate

A

Absorptive wound dressing made from brown seaweed

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36
Q

Biologic dressings

A

Wound dressings derived from natural tissues

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37
Q

Biosynthetic dressings

A

Wound dressings derived from natural tissues and nonnatural tissues

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38
Q

Composite dressings

A

Multilayer dressings made from a combination of wound dressing categories

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39
Q

Gauze

A

Traditional wound dressing, woven or non woven, available in sheets, rolls, and packing strips

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40
Q

Granuloma

A

Chronic inflammation around a foreign body

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41
Q

Hydrocolloids

A

Moisture retentive occlusive wound dressing consisting of gelatin, pectin, and carboxymethylcellulose hydrophilic particles with an adhesive backing

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42
Q

Hydrogels

A

Moisture retentive would dressing that is 80-99% water or glycerin based, available in sheets and as an amorphus gel

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43
Q

Impregnated gauze

A

Mesh gauze with a topical agent such as an amorphus hydrogel or petrolatum incorporated into it

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44
Q

Moisture barriers

A

Substance used to protect the periwound and intact skin from excessive moisture. Some moisture barriers are also safe for use on rashes and broken skin

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45
Q

Moisture retentive dressings

A

Specialized synthetic or organic wound dressing

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46
Q

Moisture vapor transmission rate

A

The rate at which gas is able to escape through a moisture retentive dressing

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47
Q

Moisturizers

A

Substance used to relieve and prevent dry skin

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48
Q

Occlusion

A

The ability of a dressing to prevent transmission of moisture vapor and gases from the wound bed

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49
Q

Primary dressing

A

Wound covering that comes into direct contact with the wound bed

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50
Q

Secondary dressing

A

Wound dressing placed over the primary dressing that provides increased protection, cushioning, absorption and or occlusion

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51
Q

Semipermeable film

A

Moisture retentive wound dressing consisting of a transparent polyurethane sheet with an adhesive backing, impermeable to bacteria and water

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52
Q

Semipermeable foam

A

Moisture retentive wound dressing consisting of a polyurethane foam with or without an adhesive backing

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53
Q

Skin sealants

A

Product used on intact periwound to protect the skin from excessive moisture and or adhesives

54
Q

Skin substitutes

A

Products used for temporary or extended skin coverage

55
Q

Tissue adhesives

A

Also known as skin glue, over the counter alternative to sutures and staples for primary wound closure

56
Q

Chapter 10

A

Arterial Insufficiency Ulcers

57
Q

Ankle-Brachial Index

A

Indirect measure of peripheral perfusion, calculated as the systolic pressure of the ankle divided by the systolic pressure of the brachium. Normally .9-1.1

58
Q

Arterial Insufficiency

A

Decreased arterial blood supply, most commonly due to arteriosclerosis

59
Q

Arteriography

A

Invasive procedure in which radioactive dye is used to assess blood flow

60
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

General term for thickening and hardening of arterial walls

61
Q

Artherosclerosis

A

Systemic, degenerative process in which the arterial lumen is gradually encroached upon by plaque formation

62
Q

Capillary refill

A

Indicator of surface blood flow, normally less than 3 seconds

63
Q

Doppler ultrasound

A

Instrument used to assess arterial or venous flow

64
Q

Duplex scanning

A

Noninvasive medical test to assess peripheral blood flow, velocity and turbulence

65
Q

Gangrene

A

Dead tissues that is dry, dark, cold and contracted, must be surgically removed

66
Q

Intermittent Claudication

A

Activity specific discomfort due to local ischemia

67
Q

Intimal Layer

A

Inner layer of arteries and veins composed of single endothelial cell layer

68
Q

Ischemic rest pain

A

Burning pain due to arterial insufficiency that occurs at rest

69
Q

Ischemic ulcers

A

Arterial insufficiency ulcer

70
Q

Plethysmography

A

Noninvasive medical test to assess peripheral blood flow

71
Q

Rubor of dependency

A

Test to assess arterial blood flow

72
Q

Segmental pressure measurements

A

Serial blood pressure measurements used to localize an area of decreased arterial blood flow

73
Q

Toe pressures

A

Test to assess digit perfusion

74
Q

Transcutaneous oxygen monitoring (TCOM or TcPO2)

A

Test measuring tissue oxygen content

75
Q

Tunica externa

A

Protective outer layer of arteries and veins, formerly called adventitia

76
Q

Tunica media

A

Middle layer of arteries and veins composed of smooth muscle along with some collagen and elastin fibers

77
Q

Venous filling time

A

Test to assess peripheral blood flow

78
Q

Chapter 11

A

Venous Insufficiency Ulcers

79
Q

Calf muscle pump

A

Pressure changes within the venous system in which muscle contraction forces blood proximally

80
Q

Cellulitis

A

Inflammation of connective tissue; infection in or close to, the skin

81
Q

Compression garment

A

Custom or off the shelf compression sleeve for venous insufficiency, lymphedema, or burn scare mgmt

82
Q

Deep veins

A

Located within muscles, roughly parallel arterial system

83
Q

Dermatitis

A

Inflammation of the skin associated with itching, redness, and open lesions

84
Q

Fibrin cuff theory

A

Theory that venous insufficiency ulcers are due to the development of fibrin cuffs around the capillaries

85
Q

Hemosiderin deposition

A

Occurs when the byproduct of the breakdown of red blood cells is forced into the interstitium by venous hypertension

86
Q

Homan’s sign

A

Assessment technique historically used to identify a deep vein thrombosis that has been since found to be inaccurate

87
Q

Laplace’s law

A

Formula describing the determinants of the amount of compression exerted by a bandage

88
Q

Ligation

A

Tying off, perforating veins may be ligated to reduce hypertension in the superficial veins

89
Q

Lipodermatosclerosis

A

Hyperpigamentation and accompanying erythema, induration and plaque-like structural changes due to long-standing venous insufficiency

90
Q

Multilayer compression bandage

A

Compression bandage composed of many layers used for the treatment of venous insufficiency ulcers and or lymphedema

91
Q

Paste bandage

A

Nonelastic compression bandage, such as unna’s boot

92
Q

Percutaneous ablation of perforators (PAPS)

A

Endoscopic surgery for chronic venous insufficiency

93
Q

Perforating veins

A

Veins that pierce the fascia to connect to deep and superficial venous system

94
Q

Pruritus

A

Severe itching

95
Q

Respiratory pump

A

Pressure changes within the venous system in which inspiration and expiration force blood toward the heart

96
Q

Sclerotherapy

A

Injection of an agent to fibrose dysfunctional veins

97
Q

SEPS procedure

A

Endoscopic surgery for chronic venous insufficiency

98
Q

Short-stretch compression wrap

A

Compression wrap with low resting pressure and little distensibility

99
Q

Superficial veins

A

Veins located within the subcutaneous tissue, assist with temperature regulation

100
Q

Trendelenburg test

A

Test to identify vein incompetence

101
Q

Tubular bandage

A

Off the shelf sleeves to provide compression

102
Q

Varicosity

A

Dilated vein. In addition to increased lumen size, varicosities typically entail increased vessel length and tortuosity

103
Q

Vasopneumatic compression device

A

Pneumatic device consisting of a bilayered sleeve to provide compression

104
Q

Vein stripping

A

Surgical resection of veins

105
Q

Venography

A

Invasive procedure in which radioactive dye is used to assess venous blood flow

106
Q

Venous hypertension

A

Increased backward pressure within the venous system

107
Q

Venous stasis ulcer

A

Ulcer caused by venous insufficiency

108
Q

White blood cell trapping theory

A

Theory that venous insufficiency ulcers are due to activated white blood cells within the interstitium

109
Q

Chapter 11

A

Pressure Ulcers

110
Q

Air-fluidized pressure-relieving device

A

Dynamic pressure relieving support surface

111
Q

Alternating pressure-relieving device

A

Dynamic pressure relieving support surface

112
Q

Bottoming out

A

Occurs when there is less than 3/4 to 1 inch of support material between the patient and support surface

113
Q

Capillary closing pressure

A

Amount of external pressure that must be applied to prohibit capillary blood flow, generally 13-32 mmHg

114
Q

Dynamic support surface

A

Electric device that uses currents of air or fluid to redistribute pressure across the body

115
Q

Fluid-filled pressure-reducing device

A

Static pressure reducing support surface made of air, water or gel

116
Q

Foam pressure-reducing device

A

Static pressure reducing support surface appropriate for patients with low risk for ulcer development

117
Q

Friction

A

When two surfaces move across one another

118
Q

Hand check

A

Method to assess for bottoming out by placing outstretched hand palm up between the support surface and patient

119
Q

International NPUAP/EPUAP Pressure Ulcer Classification System

A

Classification system for pressure ulcers updated in 2009

120
Q

Ischemia reperfusion injury

A

Repeated bouts of localized tissue ischemia from pressure or peripheral arterial disease and reperfusion that may cause gradual, progressive tissue damage

121
Q

Low-air-loss-pressure-relieving device

A

Dynamic pressure relieving support surface

122
Q

Chapter 13

A

Neuropathic Ulcers

123
Q

Autonomic neuropathy

A

Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system that may result from uncontrolled diabetes

124
Q

Charcot foot

A

Neuropathic fracture/dislocation found in patients with diabetes, most commonly resulting in a rocker bottom foot deformity

125
Q

Incision and drainage

A

Procedure in which an abscess is surgically opened and thoroughly irrigated

126
Q

Motor neuropathy

A

Dysfunction of the motor nerves leading to atrophy, weakness and or paralysis

127
Q

Neuropathic ulceration

A

Ulcer due to insensitivity; previously referred to as a diabetic ulcer

128
Q

Padded ankle-foot orthoses

A

Method of treating neuropathic ulcers, removable brace that reduces plantar pressure and immobilizes the ankle and foot

129
Q

Sensory neuropathy

A

Dysfunction of sensory nerves leading to an altered or decreased sensation

130
Q

Total contact cast

A

Modified short leg cast used to treat uninfected grade 1 or 2 plantar neuropathic ulcers

131
Q

Wagner classification system

A

Classification system for neuropathic ulcers

132
Q

Walking splint

A

Bivalved total contact cast used to treat neuropathic ulcers

Integumentary Conditions and Management (2 decks)

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