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Integumentary Conditions and Management > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Adipose Tissue

A

Vascular loose connective tissue that stores fat and provides energy, cushioning and insulation

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2
Q

Basement Membrane

A

Thin, acellular layer separating the epidermis from the dermis

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3
Q

Blisters

A

Collection of fluid at the junction between the dermis and epidermis due to friction

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4
Q

Callus

A

Localized buildup of the stratum corneum cells due to pressure or friction

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5
Q

Collagen

A

main structural protein of the various connective tissues in animals

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6
Q

Dermal Papillae

A

The ridges and valles of the superior surface of the dermis that conforms with the contours of the epidermal stratum basale to help anchor the two layers together

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7
Q

Elastin

A

protein in connective tissue that is elastic and allows many tissues in the body to resume their shape after stretching or contracting

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8
Q

Epidermis

A

Outer, avascular layer of skin

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9
Q

Fascia

A

Fibrous connective tissue that separates and surrounds structures and facilitates movement between adjacent structures

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10
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Dermal cell that produces collagen, elastin, granulation tissue and growth factors

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11
Q

Full-thickness Wound

A

Wound that extends through the epidermis and dermis and into or through the subcutaneous tissues

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12
Q

Hair

A

Epidermal appendages located within the dermis that are made of soft keratin

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13
Q

Histamine

A

Chemical mediator released by mast cells that causes vasodilation, increases vessel wall permeability, and attracts other cells to the area

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14
Q

Keratin

A

A protein produced by keratinocytes. Nails are made of hard keratin; hair is made of soft keratin

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15
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Epidermal cell that resurfaces a wound and produces keratin

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16
Q

Langerhan’s Cells

A

Epidermal cells that assist with infection control

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17
Q

Macrophages

A

Cell that directs the repair process, secretes growth factors and enzymes and destroys bacteria and debris

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18
Q

Mast Cells

A

Cell that helps initiate inflammation, secretes histamine, enzymes, and chemical mediators

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19
Q

Melanin

A

Pigment produced by melanocytes that helps protect the body from UV radiation, and is a major determinant in skin color

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20
Q

Melanocytes

A

Pigment producing cells within the dermis

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21
Q

Merkel Cells

A

Sensory receptor within the epidermis providing information on light touch

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22
Q

Nails

A

Epidermal appendage made of hard keratin and located at the dorsal tips of digits

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23
Q

Open Wound

A

Damage to the skin resulting in a loss of skin integrity

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24
Q

Papillary Dermis

A

Thin superficial dermal layer consisting of loosely arranged connective tissue

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25
Q

Partial-Thickness Wound

A

Wound involving the epidermis and part of the dermis

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26
Q

Phagocytizing

A

Process of engulfing and destroying bacteria or debris

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27
Q

Rete pegs

A

Protrustions of the epidermal stratum basale that extends into the papillary dermis to help anchor the two layers together

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28
Q

Reticular Dermis

A

Thick, deep dermal layer consisting of dense, irregularly arranged connective tissue

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29
Q

Sebaceous Gland

A

Oil gland, epidermal appendage located within the dermis

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30
Q

Sebum

A

Oily substance that lubricates the skin and hair

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31
Q

Stratum Basale

A

Deepest epithelial cell layers, contains continuously dividing cells

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32
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

Outermost epithelial cell layer, consists of dead keratinocytes

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33
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

Epithelial cell layer located between the stratum spinosum and straum lucidum

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34
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

Epithelial cell layer located between the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum

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35
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

Epithelial cell layer located between the statum basale and stratum granulosum

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36
Q

Subcutaneous Tissue

A

Composed of adipose tissue and fascia; located beneath the dermis; helps support the skin

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37
Q

Sudoriferous Glands

A

Sweat glands, epidermal appendage located within the dermis

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38
Q

Superficial Wound

A

Wound involving only the epidermis

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39
Q

White Blood Cells

A

Cell that helps fight infection

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40
Q

CHAPTER 2: Wound Healing

A

Wound Healing

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41
Q

Abrasion

A

Wound caused by scraping or friction to the skin’s surface

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42
Q

Angioblasts

A

Endothelial cell that lines vessel walls

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43
Q

Angiogenesis

A

Formation of new blood vessels

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44
Q

Chemotactic agents

A

Substance that attracts cells

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45
Q

Chemotaxis

A

Movement along a chemical gradient

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46
Q

Closed wound

A

A wound in which the epithelial integrity has been restored

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47
Q

Collagenases

A

Enzyme that breaks down collagen

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48
Q

Contracture

A

Pathological shortening of scar tissue

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49
Q

Current of Injury

A

Local change of polarity at the site of integument injury

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50
Q

Cytokines

A

Signaling protein during the inflammatory phase of would healing

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51
Q

Cytotoxic Agents

A

Substance that is poisonous to human cells

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52
Q

Dehiscence

A

Separation of wound margins

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53
Q

Delayed Primary Closure

A

A combination of primary and secondary wound healing processes in which the wound is first observed before primary closure

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54
Q

Diapedesis

A

The movement of PMNs through capillary walls

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55
Q

Epibole

A

Keratinocyte migration over the lip or margin of the dermis

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56
Q

Epithelialization

A

Process by which keratinocytes resurface the wound defect

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57
Q

Exudate

A

Mixture of fluid, high levels of protein and cells

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58
Q

Fibroblast

A

Dermal cells that produce collagen, elastin, granulation tissue and growth factors

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59
Q

Granulation Tissue

A

Temporary structure composed of vascularized connective tissue that fills the wound

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60
Q

Growth Factors

A

Growth promoting substance that increases or enhances cell size, proliferation or activity

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61
Q

Healed Wound

A

A closed wound with tissue strength approaching normal

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62
Q

Histamine

A

Chemical mediator released by mast cells that causes vasodilation, increases vessel wall permeability, and attracts other cells to the area

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63
Q

Hypergranulation

A

Error of the proliferative phase in which too much granulation tissue is formed and epithelialization is delayed

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64
Q

Hypertrophic Scarring

A

Overproduction of collagen that stays within the confines of the original wound

65
Q

Hypogranular

A

A pothole-type wound that fails to build a sufficient granulation tissue matrix

66
Q

Inflammation

A

First phase of wound healing, characterized by rubor, calor, tumor, dolor, functionlaesa; vascular and cellular response to injury of living tissue

67
Q

Integrins

A

Cell surface receptors that allows cells to reversibly bind to the extracellular matrix

68
Q

CHAPTER 3: FACTORS AFFECTING WOUND HEALING

A

Factors Affecting Wound Healing

69
Q

Acute Wound

A

A wound induced by surgery or trauma in an otherwise healthy individual

70
Q

Chronic Wound

A

A wound, induced by various causes, whose progression through the phases of wound healing is prolonged or arrested

71
Q

Colonization

A

Normal presence of a small number of microbes (<= 10^3 organisms/gram of tissue)

72
Q

Infection

A

Invasion and multiplication of migroorganisms within body tissues, wound cultures reveals greater than 10^5 microbes/gram of tissue

73
Q

Macerated

A

Skin is white, friable, overhydrated and wrinkled

74
Q

Necrotic

A

Dead, devitalized tissue adhered to the wound bed

75
Q

CHAPTER 4: EXAMINATION OF PATIENTS WITH OPEN WOUNDS

A

Examination of Patients with Open Wounds

76
Q

Capillary Refill

A

Indicator of surface blood flow. Normally less than 3 seconds.

77
Q

Eschar

A

Black necrotic tissue that may either be soft of hard

78
Q

Induration

A

Firm edema

79
Q

Pitting Edema

A

Swelling in which a depression remains within the involved tissues after the application of digital pressure

80
Q

Semmes-Weinstein Monofilaments

A

Tools used to assess sensory integrity

81
Q

Sinus Tract

A

An elongated cavity or abscess that drains to the body surface, may be associated with category/stave IV pressure ulcers

82
Q

Slough

A

Necrotic tissue that is yellow or tan in color and has a stringy or mucinous consistency

83
Q

Tunneling

A

A narrow passageway within a wound bed

84
Q

Undermining

A

Area of tissue under the wound edges that becomes eroded, resulting in a large wound with a small opening

85
Q

CHAPTER 5: DEBRIDEMENT

A

Debridement

86
Q

Autolytic Debridement

A

Form of debridement that uses endogenously produced enzymes to digest necrotic tissue

87
Q

Biologic Debridement

A

The use of sterile maggots to debride the wound

88
Q

Debridement

A

The removal of necrotic tissue, foreign material and or debris from a wound bed

89
Q

Enzymatic Debridement

A

Form of debridement using topically applied exogenous enzymes to remove devitalized tissue; requiring physician’s prescription

90
Q

Incision and Drainage

A

Procedure in which an abscess is surgically opened and thoroughly irrigated

91
Q

Mechanical Debridement

A

Form of debridement using force to remove devialized tissue, foreign material, and debris from a wound bed

92
Q

Nonselective Debridement

A

The removal of non specific areas of devitalized tissue. May include mechanical or surgical debridement

93
Q

Selective Debridement

A

Removal of specific areas of devitalized tissue, may include sharp, enzymatic or autolytic debridement

94
Q

Selective Sharp Debridement

A

Form of sharp debridement using scissors or scalpel to cut along the lines of demarcation between viable and nonviable tissue

95
Q

Serial Instrumental Debridement

A

Form of sharp debridement using forceps and scissors to remove loosely adherent devitalized tissue. Usually occurs over a number of visits and may require prior tissue prep

96
Q

Sharp Debridement

A

Selective debridement using forceps, scissors, or a scalpel

97
Q

Surfactants

A

Cytotoxic substances within wound cleansers that lower surface tension of loose particulate matter on a wound bed

98
Q

Surgical Debridement

A

The use of scalpels, scissors, or lasers in a sterile environment by a physician by a podiatrist to remove necrotic tissue, foreign material and debris from wound beds

99
Q

Wet-to-Dry Dressing

A

Not used much. Consist of moistened gauze placed in or on a wound, left until dry and then removed

100
Q

Wound Cleanser

A

Commercially available antiseptic containing surfactants. Not regulated by FDA

101
Q

Wound Cleansing

A

The delivery of a wound cleanser to the wound surface using mechanical force to remove lightly adhered necrotic tissue, debris and bacteria

102
Q

Wound Scrubbing

A

Mechanical debridement using a sponge, brush or gauze along with a fluid to break the adherence of devitalized tissue and debris from the wound bed

103
Q

CHAPTER 17: BASIC DERMATOLOGY

A

Basic Dermatology

104
Q

Abscess

A

Localized collection of purulent material in a cavity formed by necrosis and disintegration of tissues

105
Q

Alopecia

A

Absence of hair in normally hairy areas of skin

106
Q

Aphtha

A

Small ulcers of the mucous membranes

107
Q

Bulla

A

A rounded or irregularly shaped blister greater than .5 cm in diameter, containing serous or seropurulent material

108
Q

Burrow

A

Small and short (as in scabies) or long and tortuous tunnels in the epidermis

109
Q

Carbuncle

A

Necrotizing infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues composed of a group of furnuncles (boils)

110
Q

Cellulitis (Erysipelas)

A

Inflammation of cellular tissue, purulent inflammation of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue and soft tissues

111
Q

Comedo/Comedones

A

Plug of keratin and sebum in an orifice, blackhead

112
Q

Crusts

A

Dried blood, serum or pus mixed with epithelial and bacterial debris

113
Q

Cutaneous Horn

A

Localized spike-shaped area of marked overgrowth of keratin; can stick out above the skin a half an inch or more

114
Q

Denune

A

Loss of epidermis

115
Q

Ecchymosis

A

A macular red or purplish-blue hemorrhage in the skin or mucous membrane more than 2 cm in diameter

116
Q

Erosion

A

Loss of all or potions of the epidermis; heals without scar tissue

117
Q

Erythroderma

A

A generalized redness of the skin

118
Q

Excoriation

A

Linear of punctate abrasion produced by mechanical trauma

119
Q

Fibrosis

A

Formation of excessive fibous collagen in the tissues

120
Q

Fissure

A

Linear crack or cleft through the epidermis and often into the dermis

121
Q

Follicular Plugs

A

Keratin plugs in the hair follicle 1-3 mm in size

122
Q

Furnuncle

A

A localized pygoenic infection originating in a hair follicle

123
Q

Granuloma

A

Chronic inflammatory tissue composed of macrophages, fibroblasts, and granulation tissue

124
Q

Keratoderma

A

Hyperplasia of the stratum corneum

125
Q

Keratosis

A

Horny thickening of the skin

126
Q

Kerion

A

Nodular inflammatory, pustular lesion due to fungal infection

127
Q

Lesion

A

Pathological or traumatic loss of normal tissue continuity, structure, or function

128
Q

Lichenification

A

Chronic thickening of the epidermis with exaggeration of its normal markings, often from excessive rubbing or scratching

129
Q

Macule

A

Small, circumscribed change in skin color, nonpalpable, present in various shapes

130
Q

Malperforans Ulcer

A

Seen in diabetics and Hansen’s disease: associated with neuropathy so the ulcers are painless yet deep and destructive

131
Q

Milia/Milium

A

Whitish papules, 1-2 mm in diameter with no visible opening onto skin surface

132
Q

Necrobiosis

A

Describes partial degeneration of tissue

133
Q

Nodule

A

Papule greater than 1 cm in diameter, deeper and firmer than a papule; centered in the dermis or subcutaneous adipose

134
Q

Papilloma

A

Benign tumor projecting from the skin

135
Q

Papule

A

Circumscribed, solid elevations up to .5 cm in diameter, present in various shapes

136
Q

Patch

A

Macule greater than 1 cm in diameter

137
Q

Petechia

A

Punctate hemorrhage spot 1-2 mm in diameter

138
Q

Plaque

A

Papule greater than .5 cm in diamter; often formed by coalescence of papules, generally flat but may have central depressions

139
Q

Poikiloderma

A

Dermatosis characterized by variegated cutaneous pigmentation, atrophy and telangiectasia

140
Q

Primary Lesion

A

Lesion that appears first

141
Q

Pruritus

A

Irritating skin sensation that elicits the scratch response; itch

142
Q

Pupura

A

Discoloration of the skin and mucosa due to extravasation of blood

143
Q

Pustule

A

Small elevations of the skin containing purulent material

144
Q

Rash

A

Temporary eruptions of the skin

145
Q

Scales

A

Dry or greasy laminated masses of keratin

146
Q

Scar

A

Collagen and connective tissue that replaces lost dermis

147
Q

Sclerosis

A

Hardening or induration of the skin often due to fibrosis

148
Q

Secondary Lesion

A

Primary lesion that has been modified by trauma, regression or other extraneous factors

149
Q

Sinus

A

Cavity of channel in the tissue

150
Q

Stria Cutis Distensae

A

A band or streak of linear, atrophic, pink, white, or purple lesions of the skin due to changes in connective tissue

151
Q

Sycosis

A

Chronic pustular folliculitis and perifolliculitis involving the beard area

152
Q

Telangiectasia

A

Visible vascular lesion formed by dilation of small cutaneous blood vessels

153
Q

Tumor

A

Soft or firm, movable or fixed mass of various shape, larger than 2 cm

154
Q

Vegetation

A

A growth of pathological tissue consisting of multiple closely set papillary masses

155
Q

Verruca

A

Epidermal tumor caused by a papillary virus, describes lesion with a warty surface

156
Q

Vesicle

A

Circumscribed, fluid containing, epidermal elevation 1-10 mm in size

157
Q

Vibex

A

A narrow linear mark; usually hemorrhage from scratching

158
Q

Wheal

A

Localized skin edema of irregular shape and variable size that is transient and superficial

159
Q

Xerosis

A

Dryness of the skin, usually presents and scaling, superficial fissures and pruritus

Integumentary Conditions and Management (2 decks)

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