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INTRO TO CHEM > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

anything that has a mass and occupies a space

A

matter

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2
Q

physical state characterized by a definite shape and a definite volume

A

solid

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3
Q

physical state characterized by an indefinite shape and a definite volume

A

liquid

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4
Q

physical state characterized by an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume

A

gas

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5
Q

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances using ordinary chemical means such as chemical reaction, an electric current, heat, or a beam of light

A

element

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6
Q

a pure substance that can be broken down into two or more simpler pure substances using chemical means

A

compound

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7
Q

a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into another substance

A

physical property

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8
Q

a characteristic of a substance that describes the way substance undergoes or resists change to form a new substance

A

chemical property

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9
Q

a physical combination of two or more pure substances in which each substance retains its own identity

A

mixture

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10
Q

a property that is independent of the amount of substance present

A

intensive property

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11
Q

a property that depends on the amount of substance present

A

extensive property

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12
Q

a process in which a substance changes its physical appearance but not its chemical composition

A

physical change

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13
Q

a process in which a substance undergoes a change in chemical composition

A

chemical change

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14
Q

a process in which at least one new substance is produced as a result of chemical change

A

chemical reaction

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15
Q

a single kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kinds of matter using physical means

A

pure substance

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16
Q

a mixture that contains two or more visually distinguishable phases (parts), each of which has different properties

A

heterogeneous mixture

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17
Q

a mixture that contains only one visually distinguishable phase (part), which has uniform properties throughout

A

homogeneous mixture

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18
Q

a one or two letter designation for an element derived from the elements name

A

chemical symbol

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19
Q

Cu

A

copper

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20
Q

Fe

A

iron

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21
Q

Pb

A

lead

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22
Q

Au

A

gold

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23
Q

Sb

A

antimony

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24
Q

Hg

A

mercury

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25
Q

K

A

potassium

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26
Q

Ag

A

silver

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27
Q

Na

A

sodium

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28
Q

Sn

A

tin

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29
Q

W

A

tungsten

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30
Q

the smallest particle of an element that can exist and still have the properties of an element

A

atom

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31
Q

a set of five statements that summarizes modern day scientific thought of atoms

A

atomic theory of matter

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32
Q

a group of two or more atoms that functions as a unit because the atoms are tightly bound together

A

molecule

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33
Q

a molecule that contains two atoms

A

diatomic molecule

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34
Q

a molecule that contains three atoms

A

triatomic molecule

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35
Q

the process of recovering the solid by removing liquids through heating

A

evaporation

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36
Q

separation of homogeneous mixtures includes ____ and _____

A

evaporation and distillation

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37
Q

separation of heterogenous mixtures includes _____ and _____

A

decantation and filteration

38
Q

separation of undissolved solid from liquid

A

filteration

39
Q

a molecule in which all atoms present are the same kind

A

homoatomic molecule

40
Q

a molecule in which two or more different kinds of atoms are present

A

heteroatomic molecule

41
Q

limit of physical subdivision

42
Q

limit of chemical subdivision

43
Q

a notation made up of the chemical symbols of the elements present in a compound and numerical subscripts that indicate the number of atoms of each element present in a structural unit of a compound

A

chemical formula

44
Q

a very small particle that is a building block for atoms

A

subatomic particle

45
Q

a subatomic particle that possesses a negative electrical charge (-)

46
Q

a subatomic particle that possesses a positive electrical charge (+)

47
Q

a subatomic particle that is neutral, has no charge

48
Q

the small, dense, positively charged center of an atom; it contains an atom’s protons and neutrons

49
Q

any subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom

50
Q

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

A

atomic number

51
Q

a pure substance in which all atoms present have the same atomic number; all atoms have same number of protons

52
Q

the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

A

mass number

53
Q

atoms of an element that have the same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons

54
Q

the percent of atoms in a natural sample of a pure element that are a particular isotope of the element

A

percent abundance

55
Q

atoms that have the same mass number but different atomic numbers

56
Q

the relative mass of an average atom of an element on a scale using the (12/6c) atom as the reference

A

atomic mass

57
Q

states that when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number; elements with similar chemical behavior occur at periodic intervals

A

periodic law

58
Q

a tabular arrangement of the elements in order of increasing atomic number such that elements having similar chemical behavior are grouped in vertical columns

A

periodic table

59
Q

a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

60
Q

a vertical column of elements in the periodic table

61
Q

a general name for any element in group IA of the periodic table, excluding hydrogen

A

alkali metal

62
Q

a general name for any element in group IIA of the periodic table

A

alkaline earth metal

63
Q

a general name for any element in the group VIIIA of the periodic table

64
Q

a property that can have only certain values, that is, not all values are allowed

A

quantized property

65
Q

a mixture of two solids

66
Q

a region of space about a nucleus that contains electrons that have approximately the same energy and that spend most of their time approximately the same distance from the nucleus

A

electron shell

67
Q

a region of space within an electron shell that contains electrons that have the same energy

A

electron subshell

68
Q

a region of space within an electron subshell where an electron within the specific energy is most likely to be found

A

electron orbital

69
Q

a property of an electron associated with the concept that an electron is spinning on its own axis

A

electron spin

70
Q

a statement of how many electrons an atom has in each of its subshells

A

electron configuration

71
Q

states that electrons normally occupy electron subshells in an atom in order of increasing subshell energy

A

aufbau principle

72
Q

a listing of the electron subshells in the order in which electrons occupy them

A

aufbau diagram

73
Q

the two principles that are needed to specify occupancy for electrons

A

aufbau principle and hund’s rule

74
Q

states that when electrons are placed in a set of orbitals of equal energy (the orbitals of the subshell), the order of filling for the orbitals is such that each orbital of the subshell receives an electron with the same spin before any orbital receives a second electron (of the opposite spin)

A

hund’s rule

75
Q

a diagram that shows how many electrons an atom has in each of its occupied electron orbitals

A

electron orbital diagram

76
Q

two electrons of the opposite spin present in the same orbital

A

paired electrons

77
Q

a single electron in an orbital

A

unpaired electron

78
Q

an atom that has an electron arrangement containing one or more unpaired electrons

A

paramagnetic atom

79
Q

an atom that has an electron arrangement in which all electrons are paired

A

diamagnetic atom

80
Q

chemical properties repeat themselves in a regular manner among the elements because ____ configurations repeat themselves in a regular manner among the elements

81
Q

the last electron added to the elements electron configuration when the configuration is written according to the aufbau principle

A

distinguishing electron

82
Q

an element that has the characteristic properties of luster, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and malleability

83
Q

an element characterized by the absence of the properties of luster thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and malleability

84
Q

an element located in the far right column (group VIIIA) of the periodic table

A

noble gas element

85
Q

an element located in the S area of the first five columns of the P area of the periodic table

A

representative element

86
Q

an element located in the D area of the periodic table

A

transition element

87
Q

an element located in the F area of the periodic table

A

inner-transition element

88
Q

the variation in properties of elements as a function of their positions in the periodic table

A

chemical periodicity

89
Q

an element with properties intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals

A

metalloids

90
Q

an element that does not conduct electrical current at room temperature but does so at higher temperatures

A

semiconductor

91
Q

atomic radii tend to decrease from ____ to ____ within a period of the periodic table

A

left; right

92
Q

atomic radii tend to ____ from top to bottom within the periodic table

INTRO TO CHEM (6 decks)

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