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INTRO TO CHEM > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

non significant zeros must take the place of all digits that are ____________

A

“dropped” to the left of the inferred decimal point

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2
Q

in ____ and ______ the number of significant digits must be equal to the least number of significant digits in the problem

A

multiplication; division

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3
Q

in ____ and ______ the answer must be as precise as the least precise measurement

A

addition; subtraction

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4
Q

the rule of multiplication and division is based on _________

A

significant figures

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5
Q

the rule of addition and subtraction is based on _________

A

uncertainties

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6
Q

a numerical system in which numbers are expressed in the form “a x 10^n” where a is a single nonzero digit to the left of a decimal point and n is a whole number

A

scientific notation

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7
Q

a single exponential value of the number 10

A

order of magnitude

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8
Q

the type of error that affects precision

A

random error

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9
Q

the type of error that affects accuracy

A

systematic error

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10
Q

a particular choice of metric units that was adopted in 1960 as a standard for making metric system measurements

A

SI system of units

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11
Q

10^9

A

giga (G)

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12
Q

10^-6

A

micro (µ)

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13
Q

deci (d)

A

10^-1

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14
Q

mega (M)

A

10^6

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15
Q

10^-9

A

nano (n)

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16
Q

hecto (h)

A

10^2

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17
Q

10^3

A

kilo (k)

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18
Q

10^-2

A

centi (c)

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19
Q

milli (m)

A

10^-3

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20
Q

10^12

A

tera (T)

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21
Q

pico (p)

A

10^-12

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22
Q

deca (da)

A

10^1

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23
Q

SI system base unit of length

A

meter

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24
Q

SI system base unit of mass

A

kilogram

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25
Q

the pull of gravity on the mass of an object

A

weight

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26
Q

weight is _______

A

not constant

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27
Q

the quantity of matter in a subject

A

mass

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28
Q

mass is _____

A

constant

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29
Q

a measure of the extent of a surface

A

area

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30
Q

area’s exponential value

A

squared

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31
Q

a measure of the amount of space occupied by an object

A

volume

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32
Q

volume’s exponential value

A

cubed

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33
Q

a volume equal to that of a cube whose sides are 1 dm or 10 cm in length

A

liter

34
Q

a ratio that specifies how one unit of measurement is related to another unit of measurement

A

conversion factor

35
Q

1 mile = how many km?

A

1.61

36
Q

1 inch = how many cm?

A

2.54

37
Q

1 lb = how many gram?

A

454

38
Q

1 kg = how many lb?

A

2.2

39
Q

0°c = how many °f?

A

32

40
Q

what is the formula for converting °c to °f?

A

f = 1.8c + 32

41
Q

what is the formula for converting °f to °c?

A

c = f - 32 / 1.8

42
Q

what is the formula for obtaining kelvin?

A

k = °c + 273

43
Q

the ratio of the mass of an object to the volume occupied by that object

A

density

44
Q

compares a measured value with its accepting value

A

percent error

45
Q

energy that matter possesses because of particle motion

A

kinetic energy

46
Q

stored energy that matter possesses as a result of its position, condition, and/or composition

A

potential energy

47
Q

kinetic energy may be considered a _____ _____ within the chemical system, making the particles independent of each other

A

disruptive force

48
Q

base unit for energy in the metric system

A

joule (J)

49
Q

1 calorie = how many joules?

A

4.184

50
Q

1 kcal = how many kJ?

A

4.184

51
Q

amount of heat energy needed to raise temperature of 1 gram of a substance in a specific physical state by 1 degree celsius

A

specific heat

52
Q

specific heat x mass x temp. change

A

formula for heat energy change

53
Q

Cal is the same as ____

A

kcal

54
Q

the ability to do work

A

energy

55
Q

mass per unit volume

A

density

56
Q

formula for finding density

A

mass / volume

57
Q

formula for finding density (liquid)

A

grams / ml

58
Q

formula for finding mass

A

volume x density

59
Q

density of water

A

100 g / ml

60
Q

formula for finding volume

A

mass / density

61
Q

error caused by uncontrollable variables in an experiment

A

random error

62
Q

zeros to the left of a nonzero number (leading zeros) are __________

A

not significant

63
Q

an indicator of how close a series of measurements on the same object are to eachother

A

precision

64
Q

constant error associated with an experimental system itself

A

systematic error

65
Q

digits in any measurement that are known with certainty (and one digit that is uncertain)

A

significant figures

66
Q

any nonzero number is ______

A

significant

67
Q

an indicator of how close a measurement comes to a true or accepted value

A

accuracy

68
Q

zeros in-between two non zero numbers are _____

A

significant

69
Q

when you conduct an experiment, you are only allowed to estimate ____ number

A

one

70
Q

zeros to the right of a non zero number are significant only when ______

A

there is a decimal point

71
Q

all numbers are considered to be significant in ______

A

exact numbers

72
Q

affects accuracy

A

systematic error

73
Q

a number that has a value with a degree of uncertainty in it

A

inexact number

74
Q

two of the most common origins for uncertainty in measurement are _______ and _______.

A

human error; instrument error

75
Q

the determination of the dimensions, capacity, quantity, or the extent of something

A

measurement

76
Q

if there is a decimal point, the zeros to the right of it are

A

significant

77
Q

mathematical operations should not _____ or ____ the uncertainty of experimental measurements

A

increase; decrease

78
Q

the process of deleting unwanted digits from a calculated number

A

rounding off numbers

79
Q

if the first digit to be dropped is less than 5, ___________________

A

that digit and all that follow are to be dropped

80
Q

if the first digit to be dropped is more than 5, an odd-even rule applies, drop the 5 and any zeros that follow and then ________

A

if odd= increase the last retained digit by one unit

if even= leave the last retained digit the same

INTRO TO CHEM (6 decks)

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