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Public Health > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

0
Q

T/F the ascending segment of the loop of Henle in permeable to water

A

false

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1
Q

Water is reabsorbed by osmosis in which part of the nephron?

A

descending segment of the loop of Henle

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2
Q

What is actively transported out of the thick ascending segment of tthe loop of Henle?

A

Solutes

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3
Q

Tubular fluid becomes more ____________ as it travels up the ascending segment of the loop of Henle. Why?

A

dilute

because solutes are moving out of the ascending loop

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4
Q

What happens with the presence of ADH in the distal tubules?

A

water permeable
concentrated urine excreted
as concentrated as 1400mOsm/l (5x concentration of plasma)

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5
Q

What occurs in the late part of the distal tubule & collecting ducts?

A

additional reabsorption of sodium

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6
Q

ADH makes the late part of the distal tubule & collecting ducts…
a. more permeable to water
b. less permeable to water
this results secretion of more ___________ urine.
a. dilute
b. concentrated

A

a.

b.

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7
Q

mother who receives no-prenatal care are how much more likely to give birth to a low birth weight infant?

A

3x

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8
Q

a baby who is considered a low birth weight infant are less than what weight?

A

less than 5.5 lbs

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9
Q

a baby with no prenatal care is how much more likely to die during infancy?

A

4x

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10
Q

infant mortality is considered the death of a child below the age of what?

A

less than one

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11
Q

infant mortality rate is an important measure of what?

A

important measure of a nations health

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12
Q

infant mortality is associated with a variety of factors:

A

Maternal health
Quality of access to medical care
Socioeconomic conditions
Public health practices

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13
Q

TEST QUESTION What are the leading causes of infant mortality (the leading cause)?

A

preterm/low birth weight 40x more likely (not 4x)
other causes:
congenital abnormalities
SIDS
problems related to complications of pregnancy
respiratory distress syndrome

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14
Q

a premature baby is a baby born less than how many weeks?

A

37

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15
Q

What is the leading cause of infant low birth rate?

A

mother smoking during pregnancy

16
Q

alcohol consumption is most dangerous during what trimester of pregnancy?

smoking?

A

1st

2nd and 3rd

17
Q

should we recommend breastfeeding?

A

yes

18
Q

What are the recommendations for breastfeeding?

A

6 month exclusively breastfeeding, 24 is optimal

19
Q

What are three factors that influence SIDS?

A

advise sleeping in the supine position
parents who smoke
and bed co-sharing with a parent that smokes

20
Q

deceased infants that exhibit atlas inversion into the foramen magnum were victims of what?

A

SIDS, not all SIDS infants exhibited atlas inversion

21
Q

Babies who die of SIDS make low amounts of what?

How much lower?

A

Serotonin

26% lower

22
Q

Infants Health depends on:

A 
Mother's Health
prenatal care
quality of delivery
environment after birth
proper nutrition
essential medical care/chiropractic care
23
Q

Prenatal care is considered when?

It includes:

A

time of conception to birth

Risk Assessment
Education
Treatment for medical conditions or risk reduction

24
Q

health of women in the childbearing years, including those in the pre-pregnancy period, those who are pregnant, and those who are caring for young children?

A

Maternal health

25
Q

What happens when we get a hard push from the back?

A

we widen our base of support, this is us chasing our center of gravity

26
Q

What are the three inputs that we must integrte in order to maintain balance and stability?

A

visual
vestibular
proprioceptive

27
Q

How do you test the visual field input?

What test can you perform?

A

blindfold/close eyes

Romberg Test

28
Q

How do you test vestibular input?

What is the numonic??

A

Ice water flush

COWS

29
Q

How do we test proprioceptive input?

A

Stand on an unstable surface

30
Q

How does good posture relate to energy?

A

results in the least amount of energy expended

31
Q

Bipedal locomotion is a functional task requiring complex interactions and coordination among most of the major joints of the body,
particularly of the lower extremity

A

Gait

32
Q

evaluation of the manner or style of walking

A

gait analysis

33
Q

combination of several successively arranged joints constituting a complex motor unit

A

Kinetic Chain

34
Q

combination of successively arranged joints inwhich the terminal segment can move freely

A

Open Chain movement

35
Q

combination of successively arranged joints inwhich the distal end of the extremity is fixed

A

Closed chain movement

36
Q

the force exerted by the ground on a body incontact with it

A

ground reactive forces

37
Q

For every inch that the head is forward will create how much additional weight on the spine?

A

10 lbs

Public Health (3 decks)

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