Exam 2 Flashcards
T/F the ascending segment of the loop of Henle in permeable to water
false
Water is reabsorbed by osmosis in which part of the nephron?
descending segment of the loop of Henle
What is actively transported out of the thick ascending segment of tthe loop of Henle?
Solutes
Tubular fluid becomes more ____________ as it travels up the ascending segment of the loop of Henle. Why?
dilute
because solutes are moving out of the ascending loop
What happens with the presence of ADH in the distal tubules?
water permeable
concentrated urine excreted
as concentrated as 1400mOsm/l (5x concentration of plasma)
What occurs in the late part of the distal tubule & collecting ducts?
additional reabsorption of sodium
ADH makes the late part of the distal tubule & collecting ducts…
a. more permeable to water
b. less permeable to water
this results secretion of more ___________ urine.
a. dilute
b. concentrated
a.
b.
mother who receives no-prenatal care are how much more likely to give birth to a low birth weight infant?
3x
a baby who is considered a low birth weight infant are less than what weight?
less than 5.5 lbs
a baby with no prenatal care is how much more likely to die during infancy?
4x
infant mortality is considered the death of a child below the age of what?
less than one
infant mortality rate is an important measure of what?
important measure of a nations health
infant mortality is associated with a variety of factors:
Maternal health
Quality of access to medical care
Socioeconomic conditions
Public health practices
TEST QUESTION What are the leading causes of infant mortality (the leading cause)?
preterm/low birth weight 40x more likely (not 4x)
other causes:
congenital abnormalities
SIDS
problems related to complications of pregnancy
respiratory distress syndrome
a premature baby is a baby born less than how many weeks?
37
What is the leading cause of infant low birth rate?
mother smoking during pregnancy
alcohol consumption is most dangerous during what trimester of pregnancy?
smoking?
1st
2nd and 3rd
should we recommend breastfeeding?
yes
What are the recommendations for breastfeeding?
6 month exclusively breastfeeding, 24 is optimal
What are three factors that influence SIDS?
advise sleeping in the supine position
parents who smoke
and bed co-sharing with a parent that smokes
deceased infants that exhibit atlas inversion into the foramen magnum were victims of what?
SIDS, not all SIDS infants exhibited atlas inversion
Babies who die of SIDS make low amounts of what?
How much lower?
Serotonin
26% lower
Infants Health depends on:
Mother's Health prenatal care quality of delivery environment after birth proper nutrition essential medical care/chiropractic care
Prenatal care is considered when?
It includes:
time of conception to birth
Risk Assessment
Education
Treatment for medical conditions or risk reduction
health of women in the childbearing years, including those in the pre-pregnancy period, those who are pregnant, and those who are caring for young children?
Maternal health
What happens when we get a hard push from the back?
we widen our base of support, this is us chasing our center of gravity
What are the three inputs that we must integrte in order to maintain balance and stability?
visual
vestibular
proprioceptive
How do you test the visual field input?
What test can you perform?
blindfold/close eyes
Romberg Test
How do you test vestibular input?
What is the numonic??
Ice water flush
COWS
How do we test proprioceptive input?
Stand on an unstable surface
How does good posture relate to energy?
results in the least amount of energy expended
Bipedal locomotion is a functional task requiring complex interactions and coordination among most of the major joints of the body,
particularly of the lower extremity
Gait
evaluation of the manner or style of walking
gait analysis
combination of several successively arranged joints constituting a complex motor unit
Kinetic Chain
combination of successively arranged joints inwhich the terminal segment can move freely
Open Chain movement
combination of successively arranged joints inwhich the distal end of the extremity is fixed
Closed chain movement
the force exerted by the ground on a body incontact with it
ground reactive forces
For every inch that the head is forward will create how much additional weight on the spine?
10 lbs
