Exam 2 Flashcards
Hippocrates
Who: “Father of Western Medicine”
What: natural explanations of maladies and natural medicine
Where: Greece
When: 5th century BCE
Why/significance: broke away from old practices. Modern medicine. Logical thought.
Alexander the Great
Who: King of Macedonian kingdom
What: military campaign defeated Persian empire
Where: Greece/Macedonia
When: 4th century BCE
Why: unification, new cities established
Significance: spread the empire from Greece to India. Many cultures.
Struggle of the Orders
Who: Plebians vs Patricians
What: Plebs want representation in politics
Where: Rome
When: 494-287 BCE
Why: people of Rome want a fair government
Significance: all citizens equal under law; stronger united Rome
Octavian Augustus
Who: first emperor of Rome
What: restructured Roman society
Where: the Roman Empire
When: 63 BCE - 14 AD
Why: Civic Empire (people are bound by laws & values). Patron-client relationship (favors). Imperator and princeps
Significance: Rome has an elevated culture and way of life, and must spread it. No good line of succession established
Constantine
Who: East Roman emperor
What: conquered Rome, first Christian ruler
Where: Rome
When: 4th century
Why: empire briefly reunites: new city, new faith, new empire
Significance: spread of Christianity. Economic balance. Hard currency (gold coins)
Civil service examination
Who: Chinese people
What: to recruit officials. National exam every 3 years on Confucian classics
Where: China
When: 7th century
Why: position based on rank on test
Significance: social mobility; based on ability not social class. Poor were given opportunity. Wealthy families have more resources and do better
Shinto
Who: Japanese people
What: indigenous religion of Japan. Animism (everything has a living spirit), polytheistic
Where: Japan
When: 6th century
Why: Japanese creation myth (brother and sister’s tears turned into islands)
Significance: only Japanese were blessed by the Shinto god. Promoted Japanese nationalism & militarism
Prince Shotoku
Who: member of Japanese government What: missions to China Where: Japan and China When: 574-622 Why: Drew from Confucius and Buddhist teachings. Direct relations with China Significance: divine ruler, hierarchy
Bishop Ambrose
Who: Bishop of Milan
What: influential religious leader
Where: Milan, Rome
When: 4th century
Why: tried to keep secular authorities out of religion
Significance: later church leaders cite him. Separate church and state affairs
Charlemagne
Who: the most powerful Carolingian; great king of Frankish kingdom
What: territorial expansion, education/learning (Carolingian Renaissance), relation to church (crowned holy roman emperor by pope)
Where: Frankish kingdom
When: 768-814
Why: Christian king ruling Christian people
Significance: found a large unified Europe; symbol of European unity in 21st century
Treaty of Verdun
Who: 3 grandsons of Charlemagne
What: separated 3 countries
Where: France, Italy, Germany
When: 843
Why: ended the civil war between 3 grandsons
Significance: foundation for modern Europe
Sparta - Oligarchy
2 kings (max 1 at war at a time)
Council of Elders (28 men)
People’s Assembly (vote/debate on Council decisions)
Group of Five (oversee Council)
Spartan military
24-30 y.o. live with military
60 y.o. retire from military, eligible for council
Spartan women
Emotionally strong, independent because husbands leave
Daily exercise (healthy to reproduce)
No studying or art
Spartan ideologies
Military oriented
Move away from things that make us soft (music, intellectual stuff)
