Exam 2 2150

Question 1

•Understand the role of tourism intermediaries

Answer 1

-Middlemen, make the suppliers’ services available to large number of potential consumers, suppliers pay the commission on each ticket sold or reservation

Question 2

•Identify the role of travel agencies

Answer 2

oThey are intermediaries because they help customers reserve a hotel and buy airplane tickets and they make the suppliers (airlines and hotels) product available to a large number of people

Question 3

• Understand the characteristics of one-level, two-level, and three-level distribution channels.

Answer 3

o One level (Direct)-simplest form, Service provider directly to the customer
o Two level- service provider to travel agent to customer, serves as sales outlets, facilitate the distribution process
o Three level service provider to tour operator to travel agent to customer, Business organizations engaged in planning, preparing, marketing, and at times, operating, vacation tours

Question 4

• Know the type of transportation.

Answer 4

o Often intermodal(trip that uses 2 or more modes of transportation) with travelers relying on several different modes of transportation to reach their final destination
o Water(sails, cruses, ferries), rail(Amtrak trains subways Chunnel), land(automobiles, trucks cars, Motor coaches busses, ), air
o In the US air is common in South Korea train are more popular

Question 5

•Know the Airline Deregulation Act in 1972 and Hub and Spoke System

Answer 5

o before the act no price competition so now we have lower prices, no tour business allowed and now they have packaged with tours, point to point and now hub and spokes.

Question 6

• Know the major accommodation type.

Answer 6

o B&B, time-shares/condos, conference centers, camping. Hotels, and Motels

Question 7

•Know the hotel/accommodation ownership type.

Answer 7

o Independent- going at it alone no corporate policies
o Franchise Agreements- recognize name for fees, Access to central systems and documents.
o Management contracts- often with destinations to attract a hotel, owner all financial obligations, management all operating issues (Cancun)
o Chains- group of properties affiliated with each other common owner ship and or management
o\ Referral associations, no design specifications only name

Question 8

•Be able to explain the differences between attractions, entertainment/events.

Answer 8

o Attractions- permanent, natural locations

o Entertainment- temporary attractions, annual things, fire works

Question 9

• Understand why the attractions and entertainment/events are important in tourism.

Answer 9

o Motive to travel, to fill leisure time while visiting area for another reason, provide opportunities for local residents, keep visitors in an area for a longer period of time

Question 10

• Know the issues with staffing/personal related to seasonality.

Answer 10

-Have to fire people during low season and higher later

Question 11

• Know the different “broad” categories of attractions.

Answer 11

o Heritage attractions- zoos, parks, museums
o Commercial attraction- theme parks
o Gaming- Las Vegas
o Shopping mall of America
o Live Entertainment- sports
o Performing arts- ballet concerts, musicals

Question 12

• Know the common characteristics of resort locations.

Answer 12

o Bright Lights and City Sights(no seasonality and high development)- urban areas, cities attract tourist for economic benefits
o Year round play grounds(high development and low seasonality)- spas, cruise ships, casinos, integrated Resorts
o Sporting Activities(high development and mid/high seasonality)- snow holiday resorts, golf resorts
o Seasonal Delights(high seasonal delights and mid development)- mountain, seaside, and summer resorts, play in water to escape from heat
o Link to the Past(mid/low seasonality and limited development)- religious Jerusalem, Visiting an area’s historical sites
o Maddening Crowd(High seasonality and limited development)- Hunting and fishing lodges, and retreats and guest ranches

Question 13

• Be able to classify amount of seasonality & development of broad categories of destinations.

Answer 13

o High development and mid seasonal= sporting activities, High seasonality and low development= resorts, limited development and low seasonal= links to the past

Question 14

• Know the economic benefits and costs of tourism.

Answer 14

o Income00(tourism generates 11% of gross domestic product
o Employment- 207million jobs, 8% of total employment
o Stability in an economy
o Economic diversity
o Infrastructure that can be enjoyed by residents as well as tourist
o Important source of small businesses development- entrepreneurial activates
o Cost are- Inflation, seasonality, leakage, decency-heavy reliance on a single industry, opportunity costs effort and money of developing tourism at the expense of other activities or areas of interest

Question 15

• Be able to explain what tourism multiplier effects are.

Answer 15

o The re spending of incomes, thereby

creating additional incomes

Question 16

• Explain what direct, indirect & induced economic effects are.

Answer 16

o Direct-come directly from tourist
o Indirect- created from the increase in purchases by tourism suppliers to service tourist needs
o Induced- other increases in economic activity, employment, taxes, and son generated within the area’s economy owing to the existence of tourism()

Question 17

•Be able to explain why often tourism developments do not bring economic benefits to tourism destinations.

Answer 17

o Overdependence

oCaribbean tourism only based economy, earthquake in Japan, 9/11

Question 18

• Be able to define and explain the various types of carrying capacity.

Answer 18

o Physical- the limit on actual number of users that can be accommodated in a region ( size of parking lot)
o Environmental- the limit on number of users before a destination is undesirable (subjectively defined and varies by season)
o Ecological- the max level of users in an area before ecological damage is incurred (varies by type of visitor)

Question 19

• Be able to list the positive and negative environmental impacts of tourism.

Answer 19

o Positives- protection of wildlife, enhancement of local environment, conservation of redundant and or historic buildings for alternatives uses
o Negatives- traffic, loss of natural and effects on wildlife, loss of beach nesting areas, noise

Question 20

• Be able to explain the principles and benefits of Ecotourism.

Answer 20

o Minimize environmental impact and benefit host communities, responsible travel to natural areas which conserves the environment and improves the welfare of the local people
o Basic principles, tourism should fit into the community, community centered experience, local ownership and management, use local materials, conservation of resources

Question 21

• Understand what sociocultural impacts of Tourism mean.

Answer 21

o About the effects on the people of host communities of their direct and indirect association with tourist
o Become aware of new tastes and ways of thinking
o Maintain the viability of society’s culture, more money for community, preserve the region’s historical and natural sites, visitors and local learn about each other.

Question 22

• Be able to list and explain the unintended consequences of tourism on society and culture.

Answer 22

o Overcrowding, crime, moral character change, change in language, demonstration effect, acculturation and displacement

Question 23

• Know what demonstration effect, acculturation and displacement are.

Answer 23

o Demonstration effect- changes in attitudes, values or behavior which can result from merely observing tourist, copy behaviors of the tourist
o Acculturation- contact between cultures results in sharing and adoption of one another’s values and attitudes,
o Displacement- local people move away from their place of residence to make way for tourism development

Question 24

• Know the factors influencing sociocultural impacts of tourism.

Answer 24

o Types and number of tourist, importance of the tourism industry, size and development of the tourism industry, pave of tourism development, and cultural similarities or dissimilarity

Question 25

• Know the various ways that F&B providers differentiate their service from competitors

Answer 25

o KEY=GUEST SERVICE
o Adding value through= quality, pricing, providing unique atmospheres, offering innovative foods, beverages, and services

Question 26

• Understand the purposes (designs) of Food and Beverage in large property settings.

Answer 26

o Typical designs to plan F&B in a large property setting
o F7B facilities to provide service to a captive audience (convenient and many locations, layout=traffic to flow smoothly )
o F&B facilities to support a property’s overall Mktg strategy (attract desired business, create a desired image market)

Question 27

• Be able to explain the various ways to generate attendance during shoulder seasons.

Answer 27

o Seasonality is a common problem in tourism destinations and attractions. For many, summer is very busy while winter is very slow. Then, is there any way that we can have more businesses during winter?
o Share employees, hiking for resorts in the summer, off season pass (sea world), Zoo rent out other space s lights banquet