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Nutrition > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?

A

C

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2
Q

name something that is not a function of one vitamin or another?

A

a source of energy

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3
Q

The number of water-soluble vitamins is

A

9

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4
Q

The vitamin that is particularly important for maintaining health eyes is

A

A

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5
Q

Substances in Coffee, tea and licorice that cause loss of water from body tissues are called

A

diuretics

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6
Q

Macrominerals include all except which of the following:

A

iron

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7
Q

Which mineral varies in quantity considerably in food, depending on how much is in the soil?

A

iodine

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8
Q

When calcium is in short supply in your diet, reserves are withdrawn from the

A

bones

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9
Q

Which mineral is a fundamental component of cell membranes, ATP, and DNA?

A

phosphorus

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10
Q

Which mineral is involved in the function of over 300 enzymes?

A

Magnesium

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11
Q

Which vitamin serves as an antioxidant?

A

E

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12
Q

Which vitamin is found in leafy vegetables, but is also synthesized by bacteria in the large intestine?

A

K

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13
Q

People with dark skin who live in cloudy environments are advised to take supplements of

A

D

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14
Q

vitamins in general

A

serve as coenzymes

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15
Q

The essential amino acid that is seriously deficient in cereal grains is

A

lysine

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16
Q

During protein breakdown, the amine group is removed and converted to

A

urea

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17
Q

Which of these is the highest quality of protein, according to PDCAAS?

A

egg white

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18
Q

What are the risks of having too much protein in your diet?A. kidney stones
B. calcium loss from bones
C. displacement of foods rich in fiber and other nutrients
D. wear and tear on the liver
E. All of the Above

A

E. ALL of the Above

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19
Q

Nitrogen-fixation is accomplished by bacteria living symbiotically with

A

Legumes

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20
Q

What do all proteins and triglycerides have in common?

A

they have an acid group in their basic structural units

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21
Q

The function of most proteins is determined most directly by their

A

shape

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22
Q

Which lipid transport package is most likely to deposit cholesterol on the walls of arteries?

A

LDL

23
Q

Omega-3 Fatty Acids, such as DHA and DPH are used by the body primarily in

A

brain and other parts of the nervous system

24
Q

Which of the following does not help lower LDL levels in the blood?

A

Take 4 or more grams of fish oil per day

25
Q

Atherosclerosis comes about through A. injury to the lining of the arteries
B. oxidation of accumulated LDL
C. consumption of LDL by macrophages, forming foam cells
D. high blood pressure
E. all of the above

A

E. ALL of the above

26
Q

Which part of a triglyceride can be converted in your body into glucose?

A

glycerol

27
Q

Which element is found only in the acid portion of a fatty acid?

A

oxygen

28
Q

Which is true of unsaturated fatty acids compared with saturated fatty acids?they are more liquid at room temperature
B. they have fewer hydrogen atoms
C. they go rancid (spoiled) more quickly
D. they are more abundant in vegetable oils
E. all of the above

A

all of the above

29
Q

The fundamental structure of cell membranes consists of

A

phospholipids

30
Q

From your own general knowledge, which of the following provides the greatest health risk?

A

trans fat

31
Q

Which part of your carbohydrate intake is most likely to contribute to body fat tissue, all else being equal?

A

fructose

32
Q

The amount of energy stored in a gram of fat is

A

9 Kcal

33
Q

Which of the following statements about lipids is true?We need a certain amount of fat in our diet, but no specific lipids are essential
B. Vegetable oils are always more healthy than animal fats
C. The only use for lipids in the body is for energy storage
D. We need a certain amount of cholesterol in our diet, for making hormones, etc.
E. None of these are true

A

none

34
Q

Fat in foods is a source of?

  • flavor
  • calories
  • fat soluble vitamins
  • all of the above
A

all of the above fat provides flavor calories and fat soluble vitamins

35
Q

The type of lipoprotein that carries absorbed fat and other lipids through your lymph system is called?

A

Chylomicrons enable insoluble fat as well as cholesterol and phosphoipids to travel through the lymph system. Bile acids help emulsify fat in your GI tract. VLDLs and LDLs transport fat and other lipids through your blood

36
Q

donald has heart disease. to obtain heart healthy omega 3 fatty acids he should eat.

  • a tuna sandwich at lunch with a burger king fish sandwich at dinner
  • shrimp for lunch and salmon for dinner
  • fish and chips for lunch and flounder at dinner
  • fried fish sticks at lunch and steamed lobster for dinner
A

Shrimp and salmon (the commercially prepared fried fish provides little omega 3’s)

37
Q

which of the following does not provide dietary cholesterol?

  • steak
  • skinless chicken
  • low fat milk
  • margarine
A

Margarine, because dietary cholesterol can only be found in foods from animal sources margarine which is made from vegetable oils is free of dietary cholesterol

38
Q

you should keep your dietary fat intake between

A

your daily fat intake should be between 20 and 35 % of your daily calories

39
Q

The major dietary component that raises your LDL cholesterol is

A

Saturated Fat: dietary cholesterol raises LDL cholesterol saturated fat is the bigger culprit behind and elevated LDL cholesterol in the blood viscous soluble finer and plants sterols can help lower LDL cholesterol

40
Q

Which of the following are good sources of the essential fatty acids linoleum acid and alpha linolenic acid?

  • Flaxseeds
  • Walnuts
  • soybean oil
  • all of the above
A

flaxseeds, walnuts and soybean oil are all good sources of essential fatty acids.

41
Q

to raise your level of HDL cholesterol you can a increase the visous soluble fiber in your diet

  • exercise more
  • lose excess weight
  • do b and C only
A

do b and C only. increasing soluble fiber does not affect your level of HDL cholesterol

42
Q

trans fats are unhealthy for your heart because they.

  • lower ldl cholesterol levels
  • raise HDL and LDL cholesterol levels
  • raise LDL cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol levels
  • have no effect on LDL cholesterol
A

C trans fats provide double whammy for your heart because they raise the “bad” LDL cholesterol and lower the “good” HDL cholesterol in your body

43
Q

A category of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen compounds that are insoluble in water

A

lipid

44
Q

having an aversion to water

A

hydrophobic

45
Q

the basic unit of triglycerides and phospholipids

A

fatty acid

46
Q

a fatty acid that has all of its carbons bound with hydrogen

A

saturated fatty acid

47
Q

fats that contain mostly saturated fatty acids

A

saturated fats

48
Q

a fatty acid that has one double bond

A

monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)

49
Q

a fatty acid that has one or more double bonds between carbons

A

unsaturated fatty acid

50
Q

fats that contain mostly unsaturated fatty acids

A

polyunsaturated fatty acid PUFA

51
Q

the two polyunsaturated fatty acids that the body cannot make and therefore must be eaten in foods. linoleum acid and alpha linogenic acid

A

essential fatty acids

52
Q

lipids that are liquid at room temperature

A

oils

53
Q

a lipid that contains four connecting rings of carbon and hydrogen

A

sterol

Nutrition (5 decks)

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