Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Oceanography > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

0
Q

U.S.S Atlantis (1931)

A

First research ship built specifically for ocean studies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Meteor Expedition (1925)

A

First use of an echo sounder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

HMS Challenger (1951)

A

Discovered the deepest part of the oceans deepest trenches.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Glomar Challenger (1968)

A

First deep sea drilling vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

NOAA

A
  • largest federal agency concerned with marine environment

- 2014 budget: $5.4 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The Big Bang Theory

A

A tremendous burst or energy and matter about 13.7 billion years ago.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What two pieces of evidence support Big Bang?

A
  1. Nearly all galaxies are rushing away from each other.
    - the farther away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away.
  2. There is uniform background radiation throughout the universe that appears to be the left over heat from the Big Bang.

**the universe began long before Earth existed. **

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is our galaxy called?

A

The Milky Way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How galaxies are in the universe?

A

100 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a galaxy?

A

Rotating clusters of stars, dust, gas, and debris held together by gravity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is our neighboring galaxy?

A

Andromeda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Solar systems form by what?

A

Accretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where did the ingredients for Sun and planets come from?

A
  • chemical reactions (deaths) of ancient stars = supernova

- energy, atoms released into space to form solar nebulae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is accretion?

A

The process of smaller particles in the spinning nebular cloud clumping together to form larger objects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How did earth form?

A

It formed as part of the accretion process during the condensation of the solar nebula.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How did earth become density stratified?

A
  • as heat built up, earth began to melt
  • melting caused the heavy iron & nickel to sink to the center, forming the core.
  • more heat was released
  • lighter materials (silicon, magnesium, aluminum) moved toward the surface forming the early crust.
  • ** 1st surface 4.6 bya
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How was the early atmosphere created?

A

Out gassing!

  • no oxygen then
  • methane, ammonia, and high amounts of carbon dioxide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where did our water come from?

A
  • out gassing
  • icy comets
  • oceans in place 4 bya
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How long is a year? What is a solar year?

A
  • 365 days

- time it takes for earth to complete one orbit around the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Closest to sun in early January:

A

Perihelion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Furthest from sun in early July:

A

Apihelion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why do we have seasons?

A
  • the earths tilt. 23.5 degree tilt
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How long does it take the moon to orbit earth?

A

28 days. (1 month) lunar month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Lunar day:

A

24 hrs, 50 minutes.

It’s longer because the moon orbits the earth in the same direction that the earth rotates on it’s own tilted axis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the 4 principle oceans?

A
  • Pacific
  • Atlantic
  • Indian
  • Arctic

Plus…
- Southern or Antarctic Ocean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is a sea?

A

A division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

26
Q

What is a gulf?

A

An arm of a sea or ocean partly enclosed by land

  • larger than a bay
27
Q

What is a strait?

A

A narrow passageway connecting two large bodies of water

28
Q

What is a bay?

A

An indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf

29
Q

What is a sound?

A

A large sea or ocean inlet larger than a bay, deeper than a bight, wider than a fjord.

30
Q

What is a river?

A

A natural watercourse, usually FRESHWATER, flowing toward an ocean, lake, sea, or another river.

31
Q

What is a peninsula?

A

A geographical formation consisting of an extension of land from a larger body, surrounded by water on three sides.

32
Q

What is a cape?

A

A headland that dramatically affects ocean currents.

33
Q

The seafood can be divided into three distinct provinces:

A
  1. Continental margins
  2. Deep ocean basins
  3. Mid-oceanic ridges
34
Q

What are continental margins?

A

Shelf + break + slope + rise

  • the submerged edges of the continents
  • covered by sediments eroded from the land.
35
Q

Continental shelves are?

A

The shallow submerged edge of the continent.

36
Q

Shelf breaks:

A

The abrupt transition from continental shelf to continental slope

37
Q

What are continental slopes?

A

The transition between the continental shelf and deep-ocean floor.

38
Q

What are continental rises?

A

Thick accumulations of sediment found at the base of the continental slope.

39
Q

Passive vs. Active continental margins:

A

Passive:

  • little or no seismic, volcanic activity
  • smooth transition from continental crust to oceanic crust
  • generally wide

Active:

  • volcanic activity
  • little or no shelf
  • steep slope
  • trench, no rise
40
Q

What are submarine canyons?

A

Common features of continental shelves and slopes.

  • turbidity currents (underwater landslides or avalanches) flow down submarine canyons.
  • debris settles out, forms submarine fan at the base of the canyon.
41
Q

What is the deep ocean province?

A

It’s between the continental margins and the mid-ocean ridge

42
Q

What are abyssal plains?

A

Broad, flat area of sediment-covered ocean floor.

43
Q

What are abyssal hills?

A

Most are small, extinct volcanoes.

- less than 1000 meters in height.

44
Q

What are seamounts?

A

Volcanoes that rise up from the sea floor but DO NOT STICK UP ABOVE SEA LEVEL

45
Q

What are guyots?

A

Flat topped seamounts

  • once above the surface
  • eroded flat by wave action and then sank further down.
46
Q

What are oceanic trenches and how are they formed?

A
  • deepest parts of the sea floor

- formed by subduction (one plate divides beneath another)

47
Q

What are volcanic island arcs?

A
  • curve-shaped group of islands

- often associated with deep ocean trenches.

48
Q

Midoceanic ridge province:

A
  • continuous submarine mountain range.
  • covers 1/3 of the ocean floor
  • extends 60,000 km around the Earth
49
Q

What is the lithosphere?

A

Zone where crust fused with upper mantle

  • strong, rigid
  • makes up tectonic plates
  • thicker in continental regions
50
Q

What is the asthenosphere?

A

Beneath the lithosphere.

  • weaker, deformable
  • partially melted, like hot asphalt
51
Q

What is the mesosphere?

A

Beneath asthenosphere.

- boundary of mantle and core

52
Q

What is the order from less deep to more deep of the mantle layers?

A

Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Mesosphere

53
Q

What is waxing?

A

New moon to full moon

54
Q

What is waning?

A

Full moon to new moon

55
Q

What is the order of bodies of water from big to small?

A

Ocean - sea - gulf - bay

56
Q

What is the average depths of our oceans?

A

4,000 meters

13,000 feet

57
Q

Passive (. ) margins.

A

Atlantic

58
Q

Active( ) margins

A

Pacific

59
Q

The layers of the earth (blank) in temperature, density, and pressure from inside to outside.

A

Decrease

60
Q

What are the two types of crust?

A

Continental crust: granitic rock

Oceanic crust: basaltic rock

61
Q

Which is more dense, oceanic or continental?

A

Oceanic crust. Basaltic rock.

62
Q

Name all the layers of the earth from outside to inside.

A 
- Crust:
Continental 
Oceanic
- Mantle:
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Mesosphere
- Outer core
- Inner core
63
Q

What are the earths layers based on?

A

Temperature and density

Oceanography (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions