Exam 2-2

Question 1

SDR positive outcomes

Answer 1

Reduced spasticity
Improvement of deformities 
Reduced rate of subsequent orthopedic surgery 
Speech improvements
Emotional improvements

Question 2

What are the three ways in which medical team can change tone

Answer 2

Medications
Surgery
Compression garments and splinting

Question 3

What is the sequence of coordinated movements

Answer 3

Physiological flexion 
Active extension 
Active flexion
Balance of flexion / extension
Lateral control
Rotation and diagonal movements

Question 4

The sequence of coordinated movements happens

Answer 4

Cephalo-caudally (head time toe) so head could be ahead of trunk

Question 5

Why do children w sit

Answer 5

So they don’t have to worry about keeping their balance , rely on this for added trunk and hip stability for easier toy manipulation and play

Question 6

Consequences of w sitting

Answer 6

Could lead to future orthopedic problems
Won’t developers appropriate trunk rotation or weigh shifts
Could prevent developing mature movement patterns
Could prevent developing hand dominance

Question 7

Identify the sequence of abnormal development

Answer 7

Original pattern 
Compensation (fixing) 
Habit 
Contractures 
Deformity
Surgery

Question 8

A biomechanical attempt to gain artificial stability

Answer 8

Fixing

Question 9

Children with cp may develop fixing patterns because

Answer 9

They have poor trunk control and want to have a sense of balance

Question 10

Consequences of fixing in the head and neck with hyper extension and tongue retraction

Answer 10

Poor head control
Poor eye control
Poor sucking/swallowing 
Limited UE use
Poor breath capacity

Question 11

Consequences of fixing through shoulder with humeral extension / adduction / internal rotation

Answer 11

Limited head control
Limited hand /UE use for fine motor
Limited tongue jaw cheek and lip mobility
Limited respiration with sound
Limited creeping crawling and protective extension

Question 12

Consequences of fixing through the lower trunk with lumbar extension and ring sitting

Answer 12

Poor dynamic sitting balance
W sitting develops
Poor dissociation between legs
Limited LE use

Question 13

Consequences of fixing in hips and LEs through hip extension and adduction

Answer 13

Poor functional sitting balance
Limited use of LEs
Poor respiratory coordination and sustained exhalation

Question 14

Basic treatment principles of NDT

Answer 14

Normalize tone as much as possible 
Facilitate normal posture and movement
Improve the variety of movements
Apply during functional
Tasks

Question 15

NDT treatment sequence

Answer 15

Symmetry : balance of flexion and extension
Unilateral control: lateral weight shift and control
Diagonal control: rotation

Question 16

Inhibitory techniques to address tone (7)

Answer 16

WB with WS 
slow movement 
Rotation 
Elongation 
Traction 
Shaking
Movement with same rhythm

Question 17

Facilitory techniques to address tone (7)

Answer 17

WB with resistance 
Fast movement
Compression 
Alternate tapping 
Intermittent support 
Tapping 
Movement with changing rhythm

Question 18

Near source of the problem, allows handler more control of the client

Answer 18

Proximal handling

Question 19

Away from source of problem, client will perform majority of the work

Answer 19

Distal handling

Question 20

Guides rather than controls, hands follow the movement and gently resist abnormal responses, emphasis on facilitation with subtle nonitrusice inhibition

Answer 20

Light pressure

Question 21

Allows for control when guiding, sends proprioceptive info into muscles joints and bones

Answer 21

Deep/firm pressure

Question 22

Guides the client but the client does not rely on it being there, focus is facilitation

Answer 22

Intermittent touch

Question 23

Guides movement, client relied on it being there

Answer 23

Sustained touch

Question 24

Encourages the client to have maximum control, requires sustained co activation around the joints

Answer 24

Slow movement

Question 25

Ca encourage balance reactions and protective responses, can guide client through a transitional movement pattern they may normally resist

Answer 25

Fast movement

Question 26

Releases restricted fascia and elongates shirt muscles, reducing hypertonicity

Answer 26

Sustained joint traction

Question 27

Used to facilitate holding or ability to sustain a position, barely felt by client

Answer 27

Sustained joint compression

Question 28

Can facilitate co activation around the joints, giving a client the stimulus needed to maintain a posture upright against gravity

Answer 28

Intermittent compression