Exam 2 2

Question 1

Collins and Loftus modified the original semantic heirarchy model of Collins and Quillian to satisfy some of the criticisms of the original model. In their Alternative Networks Model, Collins and Loftus explain semantic organization as:

Answer 1

being based on individual experiences

Question 2

In evaluating retrieval rates for category information for a concept, Collins and Quillian’s semantic hierarchy model would predict the slowest reaction times for which of the following statements using a sentence verification technique?

Answer 2

A field sparrow is an animal

Question 3

Learning in the connectionist network is represented by adjustments to network

Answer 3

weights

Question 4

For the category “fruit,” people in the United States give a higher typicality rating to “banana” than to “kiwi” Knowing that, we can also reason that

Answer 4

The word “fruit” will lead to a larger priming effect for banana than for kiwi

Question 5

One of the key properties of the connectionist approach is that a specific concept is represented by activity that is distributed over many units in the network

Answer 5

Connectionist

Question 6

According to the typicality effect

Answer 6

items that are high in protoypicality are judged more rapidly as being in a group

Question 7

The semantic heirarchy model predicts that the time it takes for a person to retrieve information about a concept should be determined by

Answer 7

the distance that must be traveled through the network

Question 8

Rosch found that participants respond more rapidly in a same-difference task when presented with “good” examples of colors such as “red” and “green” than when they are presented with “poor” examples such as “pink” or “light green” The result of this experiment was interpreted as supporting the _________ approach to categorization

Answer 8

prototype

Question 9

Priming occurs when presentation of one stimulus

Answer 9

facilitates a response to another stimulus

Question 10

If we defined fish as having gills, fins, and scales, sharks would be an exception because they lack the feature of scales. This poses a problem for the ________ approach to categorization

Answer 10

definitional

Question 11

In proposition theory, proposition is

Answer 11

the smallest unit of abstract meaning

Question 12

Spreading activation

Answer 12

primes associated concepts

Question 13

A(n)_______ is a mental representation used for a variety of cognitive functions, including memory, reasoning, and using and understanding language

Answer 13

concept

Question 14

Which of the following is most closely modeled on the way the nervous system operates

Answer 14

Parallel distributed processing theory

Question 15

In the alternative network model, a specific category is represented at a

Answer 15

node

Question 16

________ is an average representation of a category based on one’s experiences

Answer 16

An exemplar

Question 17

Olin and Bob are neighbors. Olin loves birds and his father works for the zoo. He has been to a dozen bird sanctuaries, and he and his dad go on bird watching hikes once a month. In contrast, Bob doesn’t think much about birds. His only contact with them is in his backyard. It would be correct to say that Olin’s standard probably involves

Answer 17

more exemplars than Bob’s

Question 18

________ is an average representation of a category

Answer 18

A prototype

Question 19

The activity that represents a particular object is established in a connectionist network through a process of learning that involves

Answer 19

adjusting the weights of inhibitory and excitatory connections between units

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of the sentence verification technique?

Answer 20

Indicate whether the following statement is true: An apple is a fruit. YES or NO