Exam 2-2 Flashcards
0
Q
Effects of which Norepinephrine: FAM
A
F ight or flight
A ttention or Arousal
M ood
1
Q
Effects of which Dopamine? (HEMD)
A
H hypothalamus hormones
E motions and thoughts
M uscle movement
D ecision making
2
Q
Effects of Serotonin: MASHH
A
M ood A ggression S sleep and sex H unger H ormones
3
Q
Effects of Histamine: IGA
A
I nflammatory response
G astric secretion
A lternest
4
Q
Effects of GABA: MIAIAEA
A
M uscle-relaxant I nhibition A ggression reduced I mpair cognition and psychomotor function A nxiety E citation A nticonvulsant
5
Q
Effects of Glutamate: LAME
A
L earning
A MPA
M emory
E xcitatory
6
Q
Effects of Acetylcholine: LMMMPS
A
L earning M emory M ood M ania P arasympathetic S exual aggression
7
Q
Part of the brain that plays role in emotional status and psychological function
A
Limbic system
8
Q
Regulates the entire sleep/wake cycle
A
RAS- reticular activating system
9
Q
Neurotransmitters associated with depression
A
**Deficiency of Serotonin and Norepinephrine
Dopamine decrease, acetylcholine increase)
10
Q
Neurotransmitters associated with schizophrenia
A
**Increase of dopamine
Increase of norepinephrine, Decrease of GABA
11
Q
Neurotransmitters associated with anxiety
A
**GABA decrease
Increase of norepinephrine and seratonin
12
Q
Biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on the body
A
Pharmacodynamics
13
Q
The action of the person on the drug
A
Pharmacokinetics
14
Q
5 neurotransmitters associated with psychiatric illnesses:
A
Dopamine Serotonin Norepinephrine Glutamate GABA
15
Q
Antianxiety drugs are associated with which neurotranmitter?
A
GABA-A
16
Q
Diazepam (Valium) drug class
A
Benzodiazepine
17
Q
Clonazepam (Klonopin) Drug class
A
Benzodiazepine
18
Q
Benzodiazepines are known to be __________.
A
Sedative
19
Q
Common side effects of benzodiazepines include:
A
Interference with motor ability, attention and judgement
Muscle relaxers
Falls and broken bones
Ataxia
Anticonvulsant
Should not be taken with other CNS depressants
20
Q
Alprazolam (Xanax) drug class
A
Benzodiazepine without sedative response
21
Q
Lorazepam (Ativan) drug class
A
Benzodiazepine without sedative response
22
Q
flurazepam (Dalmane), temazepam (Restoril), triazolam (Halcion)0, estazolam (Prosom), and quazepam (Doral) are all….
A
Hypnotic benzodiazepines used for insomnia
23
Q
Z-drugs are _________.
A
Hypnotics
24
Zolpidem (Ambien), zaleplon (Sonata), and eszopiclone (Lunesta) are all...
Z-drugs (hypnotics)
| -Sedative effects without anti-anxiety, anticonvulsant, or muscle relaxing effects
25
Doxepin (Silenor) is used for... and should be avoided....
treatment of insomnia: difficulty maintaining sleep
| Avoided with severe urinary retention or on MAOIs and CNS sedatives
26
Ramelteo (Rozerem) is what drug class? side effects?
Melatonin receptor agonists
| *headaches, dizziness, increased prolactin
27
Buspirone (BuSpar) has what effect? side effects?
Reduces anxiety without sedation
Dizziness and insomnia
*can be used with other CNS depressants (including alcohol)
*No addiction
28
What neurotransmitters is the target for antidepressants?
Norepinephrine and Serotonin
29
Fluoxetine (Prozac), Sertraline (Zoloft), Paroxetine (Paxil), Citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro), Fluvoxaine (Luvox) are all...
SSRIs
30
Nortiptyline (Pamelor), Amitriptyline (Elavil), and Imipramine (Tofranil) are all...
TCAs
31
Side effects of TCAs
Sedation
Drowsiness
Fatal Overdose (cardiac)
AntiCholinergic effects
32
Side effects of SSRIs
```
Anorexia
Apathy
Low libido
Nausea/vomiting
** Low anticholinergic effects for patients with narrow angle glaucoma
```
33
Venlafaxine (Effexor), Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq), and Duloxetine (Cymbalta) are all...
SNRIs
34
SNRIs side efefcts
Hypertension
| ** Used to treat GAD, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, fibromyalgia pain
35
Mirtazapine (Remeron) is a...
SNDI
36
Side effects of Remeron/ SNDI
```
Sedation
Weight Gain
POSITIVE:
Antiemetic (for nauseated patients)
Minimal sexual dysfunction and improved sleep
```
37
MAOIs target which neurotransmitters?
ALL Monoamines: Norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin
**Tyramine
38
Isocarboxazid (Marplan), Phenelzine (Nardil), Selegiline (EMSAM), and Tranylcypromine (Parnate) are all...
MAOIs
39
Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban) is used for... side effects.... contraindications...
Smoking cessation
* side effects: insomnia, tremor, anorexia, weight loss
* Contraindicated in seizures, abrupt discontinuation of sedatives, and bulimia/anorexia
40
Vilazodone (Viibryd) and Trazodone (Oleptro) both can cause....
Insomnia
41
This drug has serious toxic effects including sinus bradycardia and convulsions
Lithium
42
Valporate (Depakote) is an....
Anticonvulsant used for rapid cycling and mixed episodes
43
Anticonvulsants target which neurotransmitters?
Glutamate and GABA
44
Side effects of Valproate (Depakote) are...
Tremor, weight gain, sedation
Serious: thrombocytopenia, pancreatitis, hepatic failure, birth defects
*Blood levels measured, liver function measured
45
Carbamazepine is an...
Anticonvulsant
46
Side effects of Carbamazepine:
```
Anticholinergic effects
Orthostasis
Sedation
Ataxia
**Rash-- Steven johnson syndrome
```
47
Tests performed with Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
```
CBCs
ECG
Electrolyte levels
Blood levels
Liver function
```
48
Lamotrigine (Lamictal) is an...
Anticonvulsant *Not effective in acute mania, but in depressive state
49
Lamotrigine (Lamictal) side effects:
Rash**steven-johnson syndrome
50
Topiramate (Topamax), oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) are both...
Anticonvulsants
51
First-generation antipsychotics target which neurotransmitters?
Dopamine (decrease levels)
52
Side effects of First- Generation Antipsychotics are:
*Motor abnormalities (parkinsonism, akinesia, akathisia, dyskinesia, tardive dyskinesia)
must be monitored for involuntary movement on AIMS scale
53
These drugs cause increased prolactin
First-generation antipsychotics
| *Amenorrhea, galactorrhea, gynecomastia
54
These drugs are related to symptoms such as priapism, impaired memory, prolonged erection, sedation, weight gain, vasodilation, and orthostatic Hypotention
FIrst-generation anti-psychotics
55
First line of treatment for psychotic disorders because of lower EPS (Extrapyramidal side effects)
Second-generation antipsychotics
56
These drugs increase risk of metabolic syndrome
Second-generation anti-psychotics
57
Clozapine and olanzapine have the highest risk of..
causing metabolic syndrome
58
Aripiprazole and ziprasidone have the lowest risk of causing....
Metabolic syndrome
59
Clozapine (clozaril) is an .....
Second-generation antipsychotic
60
Side effects of Clozapine (Clozaril)...
```
Potential to suppress bone marrow and induce agranulocytosis
Increased risk for infection (WBC labs required)
Drosiness and sedation
Hypersalivation
Weight gain
Reflex tachycardia
Constipation
Dizziness
```
61
Risperidones (Risperdal) is a...
Second-generation antipsychotic
| *Low risk for agranulocytosis or convulsions
62
Side effects of Risperidone (Risperdal)...
```
EPS (highest risk... increased prolactin)
Orthostatic hypotension
Sedation
Weight gain
Sexual dysfunction
```
63
Tacrine (Cognex), Donepezil (Aricept), Galantamaine (Razadyne), Revastigmine (Exelon), and Memantine (Namenda, Namenda XR) are used for....
Alzheimers
64
Drugs used to treat Alzheimers target which neurotransmitters?
Acetylcholine and glutamate (Namenda)
65
Risk of bleeding is associated with which herbal combined with warfarin?
Ginkgo biloba
66
This herbal may increase hepatotoxicity
Kava
67
Taking this herbal with SSRIs can cause serotonin syndrome
St. John's Wort
68
Therapeutic communication techniques include (4)
Silence
Active listening
Clarifying techniques
Questions
69
Attending behaviors include: (3)
Eye contact
Body language
Vocal quality
70
Written records of a segment of the nurse-patient session that reflect verbal and nonverbal behaviors. Useful for identifying communication patterns
Process Recordings
71
GAS three stages:
Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion (Includes distress and eustress)
72
At least one week-long manic episode that results in excessive activity and energy. May alternate with depression or a mixed state of agitation and depression
Bipolar 1
73
Hypomania (euphoric and increases in functioning) alternating with profound depression
Bipolar 2
74
Hypomania alternating with symptoms of mild/moderate depression for at least 2 years. (1 in children)
Cyclothymic disorder
75
Nursing diagnosis for acute phase bipolar
Risk for injury
76
ECT is best used for...
Rapid cycling, treatment-resistant mania, pregnancy, to subdue severe manic behavior, severe depression, acute suicide
77
```
In which phase are the following interventions implemented for bipolar:
Medical stability
Safe environments
Medications and ECT
Seclusion
```
Acute
78
In which phase are the following interventions implemented for bipolar:
Maintaining adherence to medication regimen
Stress-reduction skills
Educational teaching
Referrals
CBT
Continuation phase
79
In which phase are the following interventions implemented for bipolar:
Long periods of medications
Psychotherapy
Group therapy
Maintenance
80
Lithium is known to cause...
Hypothyroidism and renal (kidney) impairment to concentrate urine
81
Lithium is contraindicated in...
```
Renal disease
Thyroid disease
Myasthenia Gravis
Cardiovascular disease
Brain damage
Pregnancy
```
82
Occurs when feelings of depression persist consistently for at least 2 years.
Dysthymic disorder
83
SSRIs are used first for depression because...
They have fewer side effects and do not have anticholinergic side effects
84
Tachycardia, fever, restlessness, elevated BP, altered mental states (delirium), modd swings, seizures, abdominal pain, and apnea are signs and symptoms of...
Serotonin Syndrome
85
INterventions for serotonin syndrome include:
```
Remove offending agents
Initiate symptomatic relief
-cooling blankets
-Anticonvulsants
-Artificial ventilation
-Induction of paralysis
-Serotonin receptor blockade (cyproheptadine, methysergide, or propranolol)
```
86
Vegetables to avoid with MAOIs
Avocados, fermented bean curd, fermented soybean, soybean paste
87
Fruits to avoid with MAOIs
Figs, bananas
88
Meats to avoid with MAOIs
Fermented, smoked, or aged meats, liver, spoiled meat (bologna, pepperoni, salami and other sausages)
89
Fish to avoid with MAOIs
Dried or cured fish, fermented, smoked, aged or spoiled fish
90
Dairy and other products to avoid with MAOIs
Cheeses, foods with yeast, imported beers, chianti wines, protein supplements, shrimp paste, soy sauce, soups.
91
True or False: Chocolate, fava beans, ginseng, and caffeinated beverages are safe to ingest with MAOIs
False
92
Drugs used most often for anxiety
Benzodiazepines
93
Part of brain associated with anxiety
Amygdala
94
Which stage of treatment for trauma:
- Safety and stabilization
- Stopping self-destructive behaviors
- Education about trauma and its effects
Stage 1
95
```
Which stage of treatment of trauma:
Developmental skills
Nurturing self-awareness
Problem-solving and social skills
Coping skills
```
Stage 3
96
```
Which stage of treatment of trauma:
Reducing arousal and regulating emotion
Memory work
Finding comfort from others
Overcoming avoidance
Decreasing dissociation
```
Stage 2
97
Three events that precipitate suicide include:
Loss of relationships
Financial difficulty
Impulsivity
98
SAD PERSONS
```
S ex
A ge
D epression
P revious attempt
E thonol use
R ational thinking loss
S ocial support
O rganized plan
N o spouse
S ickness
```
99
Ratings and interventions of the SAD PERSONS scales
0-2 Send home w/ follow-up
3-4 Closely follow up, consider hospitalization
5-6 Strongly consider hospitalization
7-10 Hospitalize or commit
100
Fear, grief, anger, puzzlement, and condemnation of suicidal feelings/intent are abnormal responses to suicidal patients by the nurse and should be reported. True or False
False- these are normal.
101
Level of intervention that treats suicidal crisis.
Secondary Intervention
102
Level of intervention that helps survivors of person's who commited suicide
Tertiary intervention
103
Level of intervention that is aimed at information and education to prevent suicide
Primary intervention
104
Parasuicide
Self-injury actions
