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Exam 2-2 Flashcards

0
Q

Effects of which Norepinephrine: FAM

A

F ight or flight
A ttention or Arousal
M ood

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1
Q

Effects of which Dopamine? (HEMD)

A

H hypothalamus hormones
E motions and thoughts
M uscle movement
D ecision making

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2
Q

Effects of Serotonin: MASHH

A 
M ood
A ggression
S sleep and sex
H unger
H ormones
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3
Q

Effects of Histamine: IGA

A

I nflammatory response
G astric secretion
A lternest

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4
Q

Effects of GABA: MIAIAEA

A 
M uscle-relaxant
I nhibition
A ggression reduced
I mpair cognition and psychomotor function
A nxiety
E citation
A nticonvulsant
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5
Q

Effects of Glutamate: LAME

A

L earning
A MPA
M emory
E xcitatory

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6
Q

Effects of Acetylcholine: LMMMPS

A 
L earning
M emory
M ood
M ania
P arasympathetic
S exual aggression
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7
Q

Part of the brain that plays role in emotional status and psychological function

A

Limbic system

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8
Q

Regulates the entire sleep/wake cycle

A

RAS- reticular activating system

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9
Q

Neurotransmitters associated with depression

A

**Deficiency of Serotonin and Norepinephrine

Dopamine decrease, acetylcholine increase)

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10
Q

Neurotransmitters associated with schizophrenia

A

**Increase of dopamine

Increase of norepinephrine, Decrease of GABA

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11
Q

Neurotransmitters associated with anxiety

A

**GABA decrease

Increase of norepinephrine and seratonin

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12
Q

Biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on the body

A

Pharmacodynamics

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13
Q

The action of the person on the drug

A

Pharmacokinetics

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14
Q

5 neurotransmitters associated with psychiatric illnesses:

A 
Dopamine
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
Glutamate  
GABA
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15
Q

Antianxiety drugs are associated with which neurotranmitter?

A

GABA-A

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16
Q

Diazepam (Valium) drug class

A

Benzodiazepine

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17
Q

Clonazepam (Klonopin) Drug class

A

Benzodiazepine

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18
Q

Benzodiazepines are known to be __________.

A

Sedative

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19
Q

Common side effects of benzodiazepines include:

A

Interference with motor ability, attention and judgement
Muscle relaxers
Falls and broken bones
Ataxia
Anticonvulsant
Should not be taken with other CNS depressants

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20
Q

Alprazolam (Xanax) drug class

A

Benzodiazepine without sedative response

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21
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan) drug class

A

Benzodiazepine without sedative response

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22
Q

flurazepam (Dalmane), temazepam (Restoril), triazolam (Halcion)0, estazolam (Prosom), and quazepam (Doral) are all….

A

Hypnotic benzodiazepines used for insomnia

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23
Q

Z-drugs are _________.

A

Hypnotics

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24
Q

Zolpidem (Ambien), zaleplon (Sonata), and eszopiclone (Lunesta) are all…

A

Z-drugs (hypnotics)

-Sedative effects without anti-anxiety, anticonvulsant, or muscle relaxing effects

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25
Q

Doxepin (Silenor) is used for… and should be avoided….

A

treatment of insomnia: difficulty maintaining sleep

Avoided with severe urinary retention or on MAOIs and CNS sedatives

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26
Q

Ramelteo (Rozerem) is what drug class? side effects?

A

Melatonin receptor agonists

*headaches, dizziness, increased prolactin

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27
Q

Buspirone (BuSpar) has what effect? side effects?

A

Reduces anxiety without sedation
Dizziness and insomnia
*can be used with other CNS depressants (including alcohol)
*No addiction

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28
Q

What neurotransmitters is the target for antidepressants?

A

Norepinephrine and Serotonin

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29
Q

Fluoxetine (Prozac), Sertraline (Zoloft), Paroxetine (Paxil), Citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro), Fluvoxaine (Luvox) are all…

A

SSRIs

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30
Q

Nortiptyline (Pamelor), Amitriptyline (Elavil), and Imipramine (Tofranil) are all…

A

TCAs

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31
Q

Side effects of TCAs

A

Sedation
Drowsiness
Fatal Overdose (cardiac)
AntiCholinergic effects

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32
Q

Side effects of SSRIs

A 
Anorexia
Apathy
Low libido
Nausea/vomiting 
** Low anticholinergic effects for patients with narrow angle glaucoma
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33
Q

Venlafaxine (Effexor), Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq), and Duloxetine (Cymbalta) are all…

A

SNRIs

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34
Q

SNRIs side efefcts

A

Hypertension

** Used to treat GAD, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, fibromyalgia pain

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35
Q

Mirtazapine (Remeron) is a…

A

SNDI

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36
Q

Side effects of Remeron/ SNDI

A 
Sedation 
Weight Gain
POSITIVE:
Antiemetic (for nauseated patients) 
Minimal sexual dysfunction and improved sleep
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37
Q

MAOIs target which neurotransmitters?

A

ALL Monoamines: Norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin
**Tyramine

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38
Q

Isocarboxazid (Marplan), Phenelzine (Nardil), Selegiline (EMSAM), and Tranylcypromine (Parnate) are all…

A

MAOIs

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39
Q

Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban) is used for… side effects…. contraindications…

A

Smoking cessation

  • side effects: insomnia, tremor, anorexia, weight loss
  • Contraindicated in seizures, abrupt discontinuation of sedatives, and bulimia/anorexia
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40
Q

Vilazodone (Viibryd) and Trazodone (Oleptro) both can cause….

A

Insomnia

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41
Q

This drug has serious toxic effects including sinus bradycardia and convulsions

A

Lithium

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42
Q

Valporate (Depakote) is an….

A

Anticonvulsant used for rapid cycling and mixed episodes

43
Q

Anticonvulsants target which neurotransmitters?

A

Glutamate and GABA

44
Q

Side effects of Valproate (Depakote) are…

A

Tremor, weight gain, sedation
Serious: thrombocytopenia, pancreatitis, hepatic failure, birth defects
*Blood levels measured, liver function measured

45
Q

Carbamazepine is an…

A

Anticonvulsant

46
Q

Side effects of Carbamazepine:

A 
Anticholinergic effects
Orthostasis
Sedation
Ataxia
**Rash-- Steven johnson syndrome
47
Q

Tests performed with Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

A 
CBCs
ECG
Electrolyte levels
Blood levels
Liver function
48
Q

Lamotrigine (Lamictal) is an…

A

Anticonvulsant *Not effective in acute mania, but in depressive state

49
Q

Lamotrigine (Lamictal) side effects:

A

Rash**steven-johnson syndrome

50
Q

Topiramate (Topamax), oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) are both…

A

Anticonvulsants

51
Q

First-generation antipsychotics target which neurotransmitters?

A

Dopamine (decrease levels)

52
Q

Side effects of First- Generation Antipsychotics are:

A

*Motor abnormalities (parkinsonism, akinesia, akathisia, dyskinesia, tardive dyskinesia)
must be monitored for involuntary movement on AIMS scale

53
Q

These drugs cause increased prolactin

A

First-generation antipsychotics

*Amenorrhea, galactorrhea, gynecomastia

54
Q

These drugs are related to symptoms such as priapism, impaired memory, prolonged erection, sedation, weight gain, vasodilation, and orthostatic Hypotention

A

FIrst-generation anti-psychotics

55
Q

First line of treatment for psychotic disorders because of lower EPS (Extrapyramidal side effects)

A

Second-generation antipsychotics

56
Q

These drugs increase risk of metabolic syndrome

A

Second-generation anti-psychotics

57
Q

Clozapine and olanzapine have the highest risk of..

A

causing metabolic syndrome

58
Q

Aripiprazole and ziprasidone have the lowest risk of causing….

A

Metabolic syndrome

59
Q

Clozapine (clozaril) is an …..

A

Second-generation antipsychotic

60
Q

Side effects of Clozapine (Clozaril)…

A 
Potential to suppress bone marrow and induce agranulocytosis 
Increased risk for infection  (WBC labs required) 
Drosiness and sedation
Hypersalivation
Weight gain
Reflex tachycardia
Constipation
Dizziness
61
Q

Risperidones (Risperdal) is a…

A

Second-generation antipsychotic

*Low risk for agranulocytosis or convulsions

62
Q

Side effects of Risperidone (Risperdal)…

A 
EPS (highest risk... increased prolactin) 
Orthostatic hypotension
Sedation
Weight gain
Sexual dysfunction
63
Q

Tacrine (Cognex), Donepezil (Aricept), Galantamaine (Razadyne), Revastigmine (Exelon), and Memantine (Namenda, Namenda XR) are used for….

A

Alzheimers

64
Q

Drugs used to treat Alzheimers target which neurotransmitters?

A

Acetylcholine and glutamate (Namenda)

65
Q

Risk of bleeding is associated with which herbal combined with warfarin?

A

Ginkgo biloba

66
Q

This herbal may increase hepatotoxicity

67
Q

Taking this herbal with SSRIs can cause serotonin syndrome

A

St. John’s Wort

68
Q

Therapeutic communication techniques include (4)

A

Silence
Active listening
Clarifying techniques
Questions

69
Q

Attending behaviors include: (3)

A

Eye contact
Body language
Vocal quality

70
Q

Written records of a segment of the nurse-patient session that reflect verbal and nonverbal behaviors. Useful for identifying communication patterns

A

Process Recordings

71
Q

GAS three stages:

A

Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion (Includes distress and eustress)

72
Q

At least one week-long manic episode that results in excessive activity and energy. May alternate with depression or a mixed state of agitation and depression

73
Q

Hypomania (euphoric and increases in functioning) alternating with profound depression

74
Q

Hypomania alternating with symptoms of mild/moderate depression for at least 2 years. (1 in children)

A

Cyclothymic disorder

75
Q

Nursing diagnosis for acute phase bipolar

A

Risk for injury

76
Q

ECT is best used for…

A

Rapid cycling, treatment-resistant mania, pregnancy, to subdue severe manic behavior, severe depression, acute suicide

77
Q 
In which phase are the following interventions implemented for bipolar: 
Medical stability
Safe environments
Medications and ECT
Seclusion
78
Q

In which phase are the following interventions implemented for bipolar:
Maintaining adherence to medication regimen
Stress-reduction skills
Educational teaching
Referrals
CBT

A

Continuation phase

79
Q

In which phase are the following interventions implemented for bipolar:
Long periods of medications
Psychotherapy
Group therapy

A

Maintenance

80
Q

Lithium is known to cause…

A

Hypothyroidism and renal (kidney) impairment to concentrate urine

81
Q

Lithium is contraindicated in…

A 
Renal disease
Thyroid disease
Myasthenia Gravis
Cardiovascular disease
Brain damage
Pregnancy
82
Q

Occurs when feelings of depression persist consistently for at least 2 years.

A

Dysthymic disorder

83
Q

SSRIs are used first for depression because…

A

They have fewer side effects and do not have anticholinergic side effects

84
Q

Tachycardia, fever, restlessness, elevated BP, altered mental states (delirium), modd swings, seizures, abdominal pain, and apnea are signs and symptoms of…

A

Serotonin Syndrome

85
Q

INterventions for serotonin syndrome include:

A 
Remove offending agents
Initiate symptomatic relief 
-cooling blankets
-Anticonvulsants
-Artificial ventilation
-Induction of paralysis
-Serotonin receptor blockade (cyproheptadine, methysergide, or propranolol)
86
Q

Vegetables to avoid with MAOIs

A

Avocados, fermented bean curd, fermented soybean, soybean paste

87
Q

Fruits to avoid with MAOIs

A

Figs, bananas

88
Q

Meats to avoid with MAOIs

A

Fermented, smoked, or aged meats, liver, spoiled meat (bologna, pepperoni, salami and other sausages)

89
Q

Fish to avoid with MAOIs

A

Dried or cured fish, fermented, smoked, aged or spoiled fish

90
Q

Dairy and other products to avoid with MAOIs

A

Cheeses, foods with yeast, imported beers, chianti wines, protein supplements, shrimp paste, soy sauce, soups.

91
Q

True or False: Chocolate, fava beans, ginseng, and caffeinated beverages are safe to ingest with MAOIs

92
Q

Drugs used most often for anxiety

A

Benzodiazepines

93
Q

Part of brain associated with anxiety

94
Q

Which stage of treatment for trauma:

  • Safety and stabilization
  • Stopping self-destructive behaviors
  • Education about trauma and its effects
95
Q 
Which stage of treatment of trauma: 
Developmental skills
Nurturing self-awareness
Problem-solving and social skills
Coping skills
96
Q 
Which stage of treatment of trauma: 
Reducing arousal and regulating emotion
Memory work
Finding comfort from others
Overcoming avoidance 
Decreasing dissociation
97
Q

Three events that precipitate suicide include:

A

Loss of relationships
Financial difficulty
Impulsivity

98
Q

SAD PERSONS

A 
S ex
A ge
D epression
P revious attempt
E thonol use
R ational thinking loss
S ocial support
O rganized plan
N o spouse
S ickness
99
Q

Ratings and interventions of the SAD PERSONS scales

A

0-2 Send home w/ follow-up
3-4 Closely follow up, consider hospitalization
5-6 Strongly consider hospitalization
7-10 Hospitalize or commit

100
Q

Fear, grief, anger, puzzlement, and condemnation of suicidal feelings/intent are abnormal responses to suicidal patients by the nurse and should be reported. True or False

A

False- these are normal.

101
Q

Level of intervention that treats suicidal crisis.

A

Secondary Intervention

102
Q

Level of intervention that helps survivors of person’s who commited suicide

A

Tertiary intervention

103
Q

Level of intervention that is aimed at information and education to prevent suicide

A

Primary intervention

104
Q

Parasuicide

A

Self-injury actions

Behavioral Health (6 decks)

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