Exam 2 Flashcards
5 Topics of Rhetoric
Invention Disposition Style Memory Delivery
The Rhetoric: Book 1
Getting Started with invention
The Rhetoric: Book 2
Definition of Rhetoric (Still invention)
The Rhetoric: Book 3
Disposition, Style, & Delivery
Who wrote The Rhetoric
Aristotle
What was the original state of The Rhetoric?
NOT divided into sections. Just 1 big scroll. Probably 2 separate works.
Why does Aristotle leave Athens?
To teach Alexander
Similarities between Dialectic & Rhetoric
Both based in probability
Characteristics of Dialectic
Questions & Answer process
Organized by PROOFS
Proof used is LOGOS
BASED in general issues & observation (human logic)
Characteristics of Rhetoric
Continuous exposition
Organized by Proem, narration, conf/ref, and peroration
Proof used in Logos, pathos, and ethos
BASED in specific judgement
Plato’s view of Dialectic
Leads to the ultimate truth
Socrates view of Dialectic
Rhetoric is the counter part to dialectic. It is scientific certainty vs. probability
3 types of Speeches
Forensic
Deliberative
Deductive Logic
general info to specific *Don’t have to state common knowledge
Syllogism
Major Premise
Why is Rhetoric Useful?
Corrective
Instructive
Suggestive
Defensive
Corrective
Correct misunderstandings
Instructive
Teach the audience something
Suggestive
Suggested persuasion
Defensive
Defend against false claims of others.
Rhetoric
Not to persuade but to discover the available means of persuasion
Pistis
Proof
2 Types of Proof
Non-artistic & artistic
Non-artistic Proof
Witnesses
Testimony of slaves under torture
Contract
GIVEN to a rhetor
Artistic Proof
Logos
Pathos
Ethos
BUILT by the speaker
Material Topoi
Past Fact Future Fact Magnitude/degree Possible/impossible *APPLY TO EVERY TOPIC
Formal Topoi (28)
Opposites Different grammatical forms Correlatives More & Less Time Turn what's said against oneself toward another Definition Varied meaning of words Division Induction From a previous Judgement From the parts Consequence Contrasting through opposites (binary oppositio) Done in open vs. done in secret Consequences by analogy Same result from the cause Not choosing same thing before & after Purpose is a cause What turns the mind in favor or against Thought to have taken place but implausible Contradictions Cause of false impression Cause & effect Better plan Look @ what is done & the contrary about to be Accuse/ defend on the basis of mistakes Meaning of names
Pericles
MOST famous speaker
Paradigms
Use when enthemyms not available
Logos
Logical
Pathos
Emotional
Ethos
Credibility
Deliberative
x
Epidietic 9 Virtues
Justice Manly Courage Liberality Prudence Magnanimity Self Control Genteelness Magnificence Temperance *Help us choose things that are good!
Rhetoric & Ethics
x
4 uses of rhetoric
x
4 material topoi
x
Basis for enthymemes
x
Probability & Signs
x
Paradigms
x
2 types of enthymemes
x
Who gave the funeral oration?
Pericles
Fallacies
x
How do you refute enthymemes?
x
Why is athens a model to the world?
Democracy, education, free not suspicious, military isn’t excessive, care for families who diie in battle, provide recreation of the mind.
Thesis of Funeral Oration
Polis makes the individual honorable, athens is the model for the world, therefore athens deserves praise, Because people are willing to die for the polis.
