exam 2 Flashcards
Which of the following about placenta barrier is NOT correct
a) Provides nutrition, gas exchange, waste removal, hormonal regulation of pregnancy.
b) have substantial active uptake processes for vitamins, AAs, glucose, Fe, Ca for the fetus.
c) Protection via MDR proteins, extensive metabolic capacity. Lower binding by the fetal
liver.
d) a stronger/more efficient barrier for drug compared to BBB
e) All of the above
D. a stronger/more efficient barrier for drug compared to BBB
According to the following theoretical dose-response curves
a) d- amphetamine is the most potent
b) d- amphetamine is the least efficient
c) Caffeine is the most potent
d) Methamphetamine and d-Amphetamine has similar potency
e) none of the above
E. none of the above
LD1=10 mg/kg, LD50 = 500 mg/kg, LD99= 5 g/kg, ED1= 1 μg/kg, ED50= 5 μg/kg;
ED99= 10 μg/kg, what’s Margin of Safety?
a) 0.5 b) 5 c) 50 d) 100 e) 1000
e. 1000
Acetaminophen is activated by
a) CYP1B1 b) CYP1A1 c) CYP3B1 d) CYP4B1 e) None of the above
E. none of the above
What is acetaminophen activated by
CYP2E1
According to Margin of safety (MS), which of the following drug is the most safe?
a) MS = 4.5 b) MS = 3.5 c) MS = 2.5 d) MS = 1.5 e) MS = 0.5
e. MS=0.5
The NOAEL of a drug is 2 mg/kg determined using a rodent experiment, if we consider 2
uncertainty factors: species difference, sensitive individuals. What’s the the RfD for humans?
a) 2 μg/kg b)20 μg/kg c) 100 μg/kg d) 200 μg/kg e) 0.67 mg/kg
b. 20 μg/kg
Phase I reactions NOT include
a) hydrolysis b) reduction c) sulfation d) epoxidation e) c and d
c, sulfation
The uricosuric agent probenecid can be used to the life-time of penicillin because
penicillin is transported by
a) shorten, filtration of big particles b) Prolong, passive transportation
c) Shorten, passive diffusion d) Prolong, active transportation
d Prolong,active transportation
The following is what type of curve described the response to chlorpyrifos exposure
a) Population level dose-response curve
b) Individual level dose-response curve
c) Enzyme kinetic curve
d) Antidote response to chlorpyrifos
A. Population level dose-response curve
What is the following reaction? Acetaminophen ___CYP2E1 N-Acetylbenzoquinoneimine
a) Ester cleavage b) O Dealkylation c) N Dealkylation d) Dehydrogenation
D. dehydrogenation
14.What’s the major role of intestinal flora play to enhance enterohepatic recirculation
a) Intestinal flora transfer drug metabolites to more lipophilic
b) Intestinal flora transfer drug metabolites to more hydrophilic
c) Intestinal flora forms conjugates with drugs
d) Intestinal flora break conjugates to facilitate its excretion through urine
a. Intestinal flora transfer drug metabolites to more lipophilic
Which of the following compound is not likely to be found in milk in a significant
amount if an individual is exposed to
a) DDT b) Benzene c) PCBs d) TCDD e) PBBs
B. Benzene
Which of the following compound is
likely to be found in milk in a significant
amount if an individual is exposed to
a) DDT b) Benzene c) PCBs d) TCDD e) PBBs
C. PCBs
Drug A in rats has a LD50 of 20.0-30.0 mg/kg, in MDR-null rats its LD50 value is likely
to be
a) 100-150 mg/kg b) 2.0-3.0mg/kg
b. 2.0-3.0mg/kg
What’s “Ion trapping” effects
4
a) to increase plasma pH using NaHCO3, to keep weak base in an ionized form, hastening
excretion in the urine.
b) to decrease urinary pH using NaHCO3, to keep weak base in an ionized form, hastening
reabsorption in the urine.
c) to increase plasma pH using NaHCO3, to keep weak acid in an ionized form, hastening
excretion in the urine.
d) to decrease urinary pH using NaHCO3, to keep weak acid in an ionized form, hastening
reabsorption in the urine.
c. to increase plasma pH using NaHCO3, to keep weak acid in an ionized form, hastening excretion in the urine
What is/are the following reaction?
a) Phase I b) Phase II c) Both Phase I&II d) None of the above
c. Both phase I and II
Which of the following is not a requirement for CYP 450 activity
a) O2, for the monooxygenation of the substrate.
b) NADPH, for providing electrons to CYP.
c) Subcellular localization (=embedded) in phospholipid bilayer of ER.
d) none of the above
d. none of the above
Which of the following is a requirement for CYP 450 activity
a) O2, for the monooxygenation of the substrate.
b) NADPH, for providing electrons to CYP.
c) Subcellular localization (=embedded) in phospholipid bilayer of ER.
d) none of the above
B. NADPH, for the providing electrons to CYP
What is the following reaction? Coumarin __ CYP2A6 7-hydroxycoumarin
a) O alkylation
b) Cl alkylation
c) Epoxidation
d) hydroxylation
D. Hydroxylation
Which is the followings is a general inhibitor of CYP450s
a) TCDD b)CoCl2 c) PCBs d) Ethanol e) PB
B. CoC12
What’s Hormesis?
a) internal environment of the body tends to maintain a stable, constant condition of
properties such as temperature or pH
b) the response may reach a level where it stimulates antagonistic mechanisms
c) beneficial effects at low doses, but adverse effects at high doses.
d) beneficial effects at high doses, but adverse effects at low doses.
c. beneficial effects at low doses, but adverse effect at high doses
If a dose-response curve does not flatten out in low dose range indicate there is no
threshold in dose as safe exposure level
a) True
b) False
a. true
LC50 is the
a) Acute oral dose lethal to 50% of an exposed population
b) Acute dermal dose lethal to 50% of an exposed population
c) Dietary concentration lethal to 50% of an exposed population
d) Chronic oral dose lethal to 50% of an exposed population
c. Dietary concentration lethal to 50% of an exposed population
